78 research outputs found
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
UV-F images of Type B modules (a) Module B (1), (b) Module B (2) & (c) Module B (3).
No full textUV-F images of Type B modules (a) Module B (1), (b) Module B (2) & (c) Module B (3).</p
EL, UV-F and VL images of (a) Type A & (b) Type B modules.
No full textEL, UV-F and VL images of (a) Type A & (b) Type B modules.</p
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
EL, UV-F and VL images of (a) Type C & (b) Type D modules.
No full textEL, UV-F and VL images of (a) Type C & (b) Type D modules.</p
Defects observed in visual inspection: (a) & (b) Broken junction box and corroded wire in Type A & B respectively, corrosion of (c) busbars (Type A) & (d) metallic frame (Type B), (e) & (f) delaminated backsheet in Type B & (g) Type D, (h) discoloration of the backsheet (Type C), (i) & (j) scratch/crack & burn marks on backsheet in Type D.
No full textDefects observed in visual inspection: (a) & (b) Broken junction box and corroded wire in Type A & B respectively, corrosion of (c) busbars (Type A) & (d) metallic frame (Type B), (e) & (f) delaminated backsheet in Type B & (g) Type D, (h) discoloration of the backsheet (Type C), (i) & (j) scratch/crack & burn marks on backsheet in Type D.</p
The concept of tarikah in the Islamic law of succession with special reference to the practices of the civil courts and the Syariah courts in Malaysia
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
AS-SULTHAH AT-TASYRI’IYYAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASI DAN QANUN WADH’IY
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An organized 3D in vitro model for peripheral nerve studies
No full textThree-dimensional cell cultures have been proposed to address the limitations in two-dimensional cell cultures (i.e. lack of relevant architectural features) and very few have developed 3D cell culture methods for peripheral nerve studies. Therefore, the present study reports on the development of a 3D in vitro peripheral nerve model using aligned electrospun polycaprolactone fibre scaffolds manufactured under tightly controlled and reproducible conditions with uniform diameters of 1 μm, 5 μm and 8 μm. Fibres were characterized by SEM for diameter, density and alignment properties and formed in to scaffolds for 3D in vitro culture. Three different approaches were adopted using: i) neuronal or primary Schwann cell cultures alone; ii) neuronal and primary Schwann cells in co-culture and iii) isolated dorsal root ganglion cultures, containing both neuronal and Schwann cells, with immunohistochemical and 3D confocal microscopy analysis. Neurite guidance was evident on all fibres diameters with the longest neurites detected on 8 μm fibres when cultured alone. However, co-culture with primary Schwann cells was found to enable neurite formation on all scaffolds. Dorsal root ganglion explants when grown on scaffolds showed both organised aligned neurite guidance and notably the co-localization of Schwann cells with neurites. Neurite lengths of up to 2.50 mm were routinely observed using 1 μm diameter fibres after 10 days and all cultures demonstrated a migrating Schwann cell „front‟ of up to 2.70 mm (1 μm diameter fibres). Thus, a direct relationship was found between fibre diameter, neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behaviour. Myelin formation was also studied in neuronal/Schwann cell co-cultures either as neuronal cells plus primary Schwann cells or as DRG explants, although no myelin expression was detected. This work therefore supports the use of aligned electrospun PCL microfibres for the development of 3D peripheral nerve models in vitro, with future value in a number of areas including developmental biology, disease studies and the design of devices and scaffolds for peripheral nerve repair
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