75 research outputs found
The survey copy that was used in a Ph.D. project to examine potential changes in children's outdoor activity in Australian early childhood education and care centres due to COVID-19 restrictions and to measure educators' tolerance of risk in children's play.
No full textThe survey was developed as part of a Ph.D. project investigating potential changes in children’s outdoor activity in Australian early childhood education and care centres during the pandemic and measuring educators’ tolerance of risk. The survey was developed from surveys identified in a systematic review (Liu et al., 2022) and a validated teacher tolerance of risk scale(T-TRiPS) (Ihrig, 2020), which was modified for the purpose of the study. The survey was designed for online delivery using LimeSurvey as the platform. The use of the survey was approved by the Macquarie University Human Ethics Committee (Reference No: 520221188140234).References:Ihrig, K. (2020). Teacher tolerance of risk in play scale (T-TRiPS): evaluating the psychometric properties of a new measure (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University).Liu, J., Wyver, S., & Chutiyami, M. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Young Children’s Outdoor Activity: A Systematic Review. Children, 9(10), 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101564</p
Trends of Child Trafficking Situation in Nigeria and A Way Forward
No full textInternational and local policies/legislations exist on Child Trafficking. However, it remains a serious public health concern in many parts of the world particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This paper explores the problem in Nigeria and proffers appropriate solution. It involves illegal recruitment and movement of children for the purpose of exploitation. Different factors predispose to trafficking in the country, mainly due to social, political or economic reasons. Of recent, the phenomenon of Baby factory becomes very common in some parts of the country, leading to young girls mobilized into the trafficking cycle and giving birth to children for sale in black markets. Trafficking occurs either locally within the country or internationally through various routes, across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Various health implications associated with trafficking exist, these include physical, mental or sexual consequences, hence, the article outline existing legislations, barriers and ways of controlling the menace. Keywords: Trends, Child, Trafficking, Situation, Nigeria
Strategies Used to Contain Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Nigeria: A Lesson to Other Developing Countries
No full textThe 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak has been declared an international public health emergency by the WHO. It affected six West African countries among which Nigeria is one. Cases were also transmitted to UK, USA and Spain. The disease generally claim more than 11000 lives in the West African region, out of which 8 were from Nigeria. This paper aims to review the management approaches of the outbreak in Nigeria and develop specific recommendations. It was identified that immediately after the outbreak of the disease, the Nigerian government in partnership with international agencies set an Ebola Emergency Operation Centre and an Incident Management System, which were instrumental in containing the disease. A number of health protection strategies including surveillance, incident prevention/control, education and communication were put in place leading to successful management of the outbreak, hence the WHO declare the country free of Ebola in October, 2014. It is thus concluded that such approaches in conjunction with the suggested recommendations serve as a means of managing similar future outbreaks in Nigeria and other developing nations within and outside Africa. Keywords: Ebola, Impact, Management, Nigeria
How teacher sense of efficacy impact student: A systematic and meta-analysis
No full textTeacher sense of efficacy indicates teachers’ individual perception of their capability to achieve certain goals in their daily teaching. This construct has been referred either as teacher self-efficacy (TSE) or teacher efficacy in the literature. TSE is positively correlated with students’ dispositions and academic performance. Due to the omission of students’ opinions in previous studies on the role of TSE, researchers have begun to include student-related variables, such as self-efficacy for studying reported by students (Oppermann et al., 2019), and teacher capability and caring attitudes perceived by students (Miller et al., 2017). Although the positive effects of TSE on students’ performance have been repeatedly cited, there are few research studies designed specifically to evaluate the relationship between TSE and student performance. In a comprehensive synthesis of research on the impact of TSE, Zee and Koomen (2016, p. 1000) noted that the effect of TSE on students’ academic performance might have been “biased” and “overstate[d]”.
In light of these findings, caution should be exercised when researchers cite the effect of TSE on students’ academic improvement and there is still a need for well-designed research on the mechanisms underlying the relationship of those two variables
RISK FACTORS OF HUMAN RABIES IN SOUTH ASIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textBackground Rabies as a zoonotic viral disease is one of the neglected tropical diseases with high incidence among the poorest communities of least developed and developing countries of Africa and Asia. Aim This study aims to investigate the risk factors of human rabies in south Asia, with focus on Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Method A systematic review approach was adopted, which included studies that identified the risk factors of human rabies in the three south Asian countries from 2007 to 2016. Electronic databases searched include PsycINFO, PubMed Central [PMC] and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL]. Appropriate data screening was carried out to extract relevant articles. Finally, the articles were quality appraised and synthesized with a narrative synthesis approach. Result Eight relevant studies were finally identified, with either moderate or high quality. The studies identified one or more risk factors of human rabies. The findings include; animal bite mostly from certain stray animals (dog, cat, monkey and rat). Secondly, poor knowledge/awareness of the people about human rabies, thus people were ignorant of the need to seek for immediate treatment following animal bites. Thirdly, poor traditional/cultural practices following bites from infected animals. Fourthly, socioeconomic factors and finally, poor use of preventive measures against rabies. Conclusion Based on the findings, it is concluded that most of the factors predisposing to rabies infection in south Asia are preventable, hence; Government authorities, non-governmental organizations and philanthropists should be more committed toward increasing awareness about the consequences of the infection as well as providing free and accessible treatments across each country. Keywords: risk, factors, rabies, Bangladesh, India, Pakista
Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Young Children’s Outdoor Activity: A Systematic Review
No full textWe sought to identify and synthesise available evidence to aid the understanding of the impact that COVID-19 restrictions had on the outdoor activity of children aged from birth to 12 years. Seven databases (Education Research Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, WHO COVID-19 Database) were searched for relevant journal articles in English published from 2020 on. Four qualitative and eleven quantitative studies were included after screening. JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tools were used for quality assessment. All qualitative studies showed an increase in outdoor activity. Less than half of the quantitative studies indicated an increase. Family demography, home characteristics, access to outdoor spaces, and parental support/encouragement/co-play were influential factors. The evidence also supports the recommendation for educators to increase children’s outdoor play time to adhere to the physical distancing guidance and sanitisation requirements. Limited evidence suggests that when COVID-19 restrictions led to decreased outdoor activity, it was associated with less peer socialisation. We identified significant gaps in understanding of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on young children’s outdoor activity
Role of religion, spirituality, and faith communities and their impact on psychological health during pregnancy loss among Muslim women: A Narrative Synthesis
No full textPregnancy loss among Muslim women: A narrative revie
Are Parent-Held Child Health Records a Valuable Health Intervention? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textParent-held child health record (PHCHR), a public health intervention for promoting access to preventive health services, have been in use in many developed and developing countries. This review aimed to evaluate the use of the records toward promoting child health/development. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles, of which 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Due to considerable heterogeneity, findings were narratively synthesised. Outcomes with sufficient data were meta-analysed using a random-effects model. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to compute the pooled effect sizes at 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled effect of the PHCHR on the utilisation of child/maternal healthcare was not statistically significant (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.92–1.88). However, parents who use the record in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were approximately twice as likely to adhere to child vaccinations (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.01–3.70), utilise antenatal care (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.23–2.08), and better breastfeeding practice (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.02–7.82). Many parents (average-72%) perceived the PHCHR as useful/important and majority (average-84%) took it to child clinics. Health visitors and nurses/midwives were more likely to use the record than hospital doctors. It is concluded that parents generally valued the PHCHR, but its effect on child health-related outcomes have only been demonstrated in LMIC
Assessment of Toilet Facilities in Selected Secondary Schools within Maiduguri Metropolitan, North Eastern Nigeria
No full textToilet facilities among other things, is considered a basic requirement in every school environment to cater for both emotional and physical needs of the students. This study aimed to assess toilet facilities in selected public and private secondary schools within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno state. Ten secondary schools (5 public and 5 private) were purposively sampled for the study. An interview schedule comprising of thirty (30) structured questionnaires was administered in each of the sampled schools making a total of three hundred (300) respondents. The findings of the study reveals that most of the schools especially the privately owned schools have a high number of students-toilet ratio, with schools such as MCS and FBS having as high as 1:387 and 1:295 respectively which is above the required standard of 1:30 of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education. All the schools have the necessary inventory expected in a normal school setting even though not in sufficient quantity, except lighting which was only available in ECIT. It was further observed that most of the students (61.7%) practice the habit of hand washing with soap/detergent after toilet use. Similarly, majority of the students (60.7%) mostly from the boarding schools were practicing open defecation. Student T-Test was carried out to compare the toilet facilities between the public schools and the private schools. The result showed a value of (0.086) which is not significant at p value of <0.005. It was concluded that both public and private schools in Maiduguri do not have sufficient toilet facilities. It is thus recommended that the Federal Ministry of Education should put effort towards ensuring schools meet the minimum standard set out by the ministry. Keywords: Toilet, facility, Secondary school, Maiduguri, Nigeri
Is Parent Engagement with a Child Health Home-Based Record Associated with Parents Perceived Attitude towards Health Professionals and Satisfaction with the Record? A Cross-Sectional Survey of Parents in New South Wales, Australia
No full textWe examined parent views of health professionals and satisfaction toward use of a child health home-based record and the influence on parent engagement with the record. A cross-sectional survey of 202 parents was conducted across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify predictors of parent engagement with the record book using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) and 0.05 significance level. Parents reported utilizing the record book regularly for routine health checks (63.4%), reading the record (37.2%), and writing information (40.1%). The majority of parents (91.6%) were satisfied with the record. Parents perceived nurses/midwives as most likely to use/refer to the record (59.4%) compared to pediatricians (34.1%), general practitioners (GP) (33.7%), or other professionals (7.9%). Parents were less likely to read the record book if they perceived the GP to have a lower commitment (Adjusted OR = 0.636, 95% CI 0.429–0.942). Parents who perceived nurses/midwives’ willingness to use/refer to the record were more likely to take the record book for routine checks (Adjusted OR = 0.728, 95% CI 0.536–0.989). Both parent perceived professionals’ attitude and satisfaction significantly influenced information input in the home-based record. The results indicate that improvements in parent engagement with a child health home-based record is strongly associated with health professionals’ commitment to use/refer to the record during consultations/checks
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