353 research outputs found
Xerophorus pakistanicus M. Asif, Saba & M. Raza, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Xerophorus pakistanicus</i> M. Asif, Saba & M. Raza, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs. 2, 3) <p>MycoBank: MB849110</p> <p>Fungi of Pakistan No. (FOP_5009)</p> <p> Etymology:—The specific epithet “ <i>pakistanicus</i> ” refers to the country in which the type specimen was collected.</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p> Diagnosis:— <i>Xerophorus pakistanicus</i> differs from <i>X. olivascens</i> due to its brown to dull orange, parabolic to campanulate pileus, stipe turning yellowish brown on handling, amygdaliform to oblong basidiospores, welldifferentiated narrowly cylindrical to utriform cheilocystidia, pileipellis hyphae with clavate terminal cells, utriform to pyriform caulocystidia and presence of clamp connections only in the stipitipellis.</p> <p> Holotype:— PAKISTAN. Punjab, Pirowal Irrigated Forest, District Khanewal, 30°34′34″ N, 71°98′48″ E, 136 m elev., on nutrient-rich soil, 28 July 2022, SP-64, <i>Muhammad Asif</i> (LAH37886). GenBank accessions: ITS = OQ947795; 28 S = OQ947829.</p> <p> Description:— <i>Pileus</i> 0.8–1.3 cm diam., convex or parabolic to campanulate, brown (7.5YR4/4) at center, becoming dull orange (7.5Y7/4) towards margin, moderately depressed at center, dry and dull, tomentose or matted woolly, or fibrillose, margin straight and entire, rarely splitting at maturity, context thin. <i>Lamellae</i> pale yellow (2.5YR8/4), adnexed to sinuate, narrow to broad, margins entire rarely eroded, concolorous with faces, moderately crowded, 2 tiers of lamellulae. <i>Stipe</i> 1.4–2.8 × 0.3–0.5 cm, pale yellow (2.5YR8/4) near the cap becoming light brown (7.5YR6/3) towards the base, centrally attached, slightly bent or curved from middle, surface reticulate near the cap, becoming longitudinally striate towards the base, becoming light yellowish brown (2.5Y6/4) on handling, cylindrical, hollow, dry and shiny near the cap becoming dull towards the base, slightly bulbous base, solid interior. <i>Annulus</i> and <i>Volva</i> absent.</p> <p> <i>Basidiospores</i> [50/2/2], (4.8–) 5.3–6.6 (–7.2) × (3.2–) 4–4.6 (–5.2) µm, avl × avw = 6 × 4.3 μm, Q = 1.1–1.8, Qav = 1.4, amygdaliform, rarely oblong, thin-walled, smooth, apiculus present or sometimes absent, hyaline in 5 % KOH, inamyloid, congophilous, mono-guttulate with greenish internal content. <i>Basidia</i> (26.7–) 26.9–31.8 (–36.1) × (5.8–) 6.1–7.5 (–8.3) µm, avl × avw = 29.3 × 6.8 µm, clavate, bi-sporic, thin-walled, hyaline in 5 % KOH, greenish oil droplets present, congophilous. <i>Cheilocystidia</i> (16–) 17.7–21.4 (–24.5) × (2.9–) 3.3–4.4 (–5.2) µm, avl × avw = 19.7 × 3.9 µm, narrowly cylindrical to flexuose, sometimes narrowly clavate or utriform, sometimes constricted at middle, short cells at the base, thin-walled, no internal content observed. <i>Pleurocystidia</i> absent. <i>Pileipellis</i> a trichoderm of erect hyphae, 2.2–5.1 μm in diam., avw = 3.2 μm, irregularly arranged, cylindrical and hollow, terminal cells rarely modified into clavate elements, thin-walled, septate, rarely constricted at septa, smooth, rarely branched. <i>Pileocystidia</i> absent. <i>Stipitipellis</i> a cutis, made up of long and cylindrical hyphae 2.3–6.8 μm diam., avw = 3.5 μm., rounded terminal cells or rarely modified into clavate elements, thick-walled, septate, rarely constricted at septa, regularly arranged, clamp connections present, rarely branched. <i>Caulocystidia</i> (15.4–) 18.7–24.9 (–30.5) × (6.1–) 6.6–10.8 (–14.7) µm, avl × avw = 7.6 × 2.9 µm, utriform to pyriform or clavate, hyaline, thin-walled. <i>Clamp connections</i> present only in stipitipellis.</p> <p> Habit and habitat:—Collybioid, saprotrophic, mostly in pairs, rarely solitary on nutrient-rich loamy soil under <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i>.</p> <p>Geographical distribution:—So far, known only from the type locality, District Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan.</p> <p> Additional specimen examined:— PAKISTAN. Punjab, Pirowal Irrigated Forest, District Khanewal, 30°34′34″ N, 71°98′48″ E, 136 m elev., on nutrient-rich soil, 30 July 2022, SP-77, <i>Muhammad Asif,</i> GenBank accessions: ITS = OQ947796; 28 S = OQ947830.</p>Published as part of <i>Asif, Muhammad, Saba, Malka & Raza, Mubashar, 2023, First report of the genus Xerophorus from Asia with the description of Xerophorus pakistanicus (Callistosporiaceae), a new species from Southern Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 38-48 in Phytotaxa 632 (1)</i> on pages 41-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10435188">http://zenodo.org/record/10435188</a>
In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats
No full textPrevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in pastoral sheep and goat flocks in the Cholistan desert of Pakistan
No full textSmall ruminants are a major source of cash for many rural populations, especially in semi-arid and arid regions of developing countries. Extensively managed animals often host gastrointestinal parasites, and even chronic infestations lead to economic losses. We evaluated the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in sheep and goats of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan, where livestock is the backbone of the regional economy. Fresh faeces (10 - 15 g) were collected from 500 sheep and 500 goats across five different localities. Standard parasitological techniques served to identify parasite eggs, and copro-culture enabled larval determination of specific nematodes. Overall helminth prevalence was 78.1% across the 1000 animals; pure nematode infestations were most prevalent (37.5%), followed by pure trematode (7.9%), pure cestode (2.6%) and pure protozoa infestations (0.8%). Mixed infestations with nematodes and trematodes occurred in 6.4% of all animals, mixed nematode-cestode infestations in 3.8%, and all three groups were found in 19.1% of the sheep and goats. In goats more males (81.1%) than females (77.0%) were infested, the opposite was found in sheep (73.6% males, 79.5% females). Parasites were especially prevalent in suckling goats (85.2%) and sheep (88.5%) and to a lesser extent in young (goats 80.6%, sheep 79.3%) and adult animals (goats 72.8%, sheep 73.8%). Given the high infestation rates, particular attention should be paid to management of suckling animals. A general means of reducing infestation rates might be the systematic testing of traditional plant-based remedies against helminths for cheap and regular deworming of the herds
In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats
No full textPrevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in pastoral sheep and goat flocks in the Cholistan desert of Pakistan
No full textSmall ruminants are a major source of cash for many rural populations, especially in semi-arid and arid regions of developing countries. Extensively managed animals often host gastrointestinal parasites, and even chronic infestations lead to economic losses. We evaluated the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in sheep and goats of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan, where livestock is the backbone of the regional economy. Fresh faeces (10 - 15 g) were collected from 500 sheep and 500 goats across five different localities. Standard parasitological techniques served to identify parasite eggs, and copro-culture enabled larval determination of specific nematodes. Overall helminth prevalence was 78.1% across the 1000 animals; pure nematode infestations were most prevalent (37.5%), followed by pure trematode (7.9%), pure cestode (2.6%) and pure protozoa infestations (0.8%). Mixed infestations with nematodes and trematodes occurred in 6.4% of all animals, mixed nematode-cestode infestations in 3.8%, and all three groups were found in 19.1% of the sheep and goats. In goats more males (81.1%) than females (77.0%) were infested, the opposite was found in sheep (73.6% males, 79.5% females). Parasites were especially prevalent in suckling goats (85.2%) and sheep (88.5%) and to a lesser extent in young (goats 80.6%, sheep 79.3%) and adult animals (goats 72.8%, sheep 73.8%). Given the high infestation rates, particular attention should be paid to management of suckling animals. A general means of reducing infestation rates might be the systematic testing of traditional plant-based remedies against helminths for cheap and regular deworming of the herds
Ethno-botanical remedies used by pastoralists for the treatment of livestock diseases in Cholistan desert, Pakistan
No full textEthnopharmacological relevance: Account of the traditional plant based viz. ethno-botanical remedies used by the pastoralists of Cholistan desert, Pakistan, for the control and treatment of livestock diseases and ailments. Materials and methods: The study was conducted across five locations in Cholistan desert, Pakistan, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 100 livestock farmers (LF) and 20 livestock healers (LH). From correlation analyses 3 least correlated variables were identified among 5, which were representative of LFs. Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of these 3 variables and LFs were grouped into 3 logically different clusters. Kruskal-Wallis test and crosstab analyses were used to detect significant differences between clusters and effects of various variables on their use of ethno-botanical remedies. Results: Most of the male only interviewees (LF 78%; LH 70%) were married and illiterate (LF 66%; LH 70%). LH had larger herds (average 109 animals) than LF (average 85 animals) and were more experienced in livestock husbandry and management LF spent about 1625 Euros annually on the treatment of their livestock, but there was great variability in expenditures. Average animal treatment experience of LH was 29 years; all were experts in treatment of all types of diseases (100%) and animal species (70%). Eighty-six traditional remedies based on 64 plants belonging to 43 families were used. Capparaceae was the botanical family with the largest number of used species (4), followed by Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae and Zygophyllaceae (3). Aerial parts (43%), leaves (26%), fruits (9%), seeds and seed oils (9%) were frequently used parts, while flowers, roots, bulbs and pods were less frequently used (< 5%). Common preparations were decoction, jaggery and ball drench; oral drug administration was very common and doses were estimated using lids, spoons, cups and handfuls. Doses used for different animal species varied depending on animal age, size and physical condition and severity of the disease. Conclusions: Pastoralists are practicing traditional plant-based livestock medication without scientific validation as they cannot afford allopathic drugs due to their livelihood conditions. Therefore, efficacy of documented medicinal plants against the most prevalent livestock diseases should be evaluated, in order to recommend effective preparations and treatments to this poor population group. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
Full text linkIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
High dynamic performance power quality conditioner for AC microgrids
Full text linkThis paper deals with power quality problems encountered in weak AC microgrids and solutions for mitigation. A power electronic converter can be used as an effective power quality conditioner to compensate non-idealities in currents drawn from the grid. A power quality conditioner consisting of three power converters connected to a common DC link is analysed. One of these converters acts as an active power filter for removing unwanted harmonics in grid currents feeding a non-linear load. The other two converters instead remove the harmonics from the voltage at the terminals of a sensitive load. The control of the shunt converter is designed to be fast enough for power quality servicing but also has a fast disturbance rejection capability. Simulation and experimental results validating the concept are provided along with obtained total harmonic distortion improvements
Xerophorus Vizzini, Consiglio & M. Marchetti 2020
No full textKey to the species of <i>Xerophorus</i> <p>1a. Caulocystidia absent......................................................................................................................................................................... 2.</p> <p>1b. Caulocystidia present.........................................................................................................................................................................3.</p> <p> 2. Pileus hemispherical to convex to flat, light pink; light cream with pinkish lamellae; stipe concolorous with pileus; basidiospores amygdaliform to rounded 8.3 × 6.1 μm, cheilocystidia cylindrical to clavate 21–44 × 3–5 µm; pileipellis a cutis, clamped hyphae..................................................................................................................................................................................... <i>X. dominicanus</i></p> <p>3a. Basidiomata with clamp connections................................................................................................................................................4.</p> <p>3b. Basidiomata with no clamp connection.............................................................................................................................................5.</p> <p>4. Pileipellis a trichoderm......................................................................................................................................................................6.</p> <p>5. Pileipellis a cutis................................................................................................................................................................................7.</p> <p> 6. Pileus convex to parabolic,campanulate, brown to dull orange; pale yellow lamellae, concolorous stipe; basidiospores amygdaliform, oblong, 6 × 4.3 μm; cheilocystidia polymorphic 16–24.5 × 2.9–5.2 μm; clamp connections only in stipitipellis..... <i>X. pakistanicus</i></p> <p>7a. Cheilocystidia poorly differentiated..................................................................................................................................................8.</p> <p>7b. Cheilocystidia well-developed..........................................................................................................................................................9.</p> <p> 8. Pileus hemispherical to convex, brown, ochraceous or olive grey, concolorous lamellae, creamy stipe, basidiospores amygdaliform to ellipsoid 9.2 × 5.2 μm, cheilocystidia cylindrical to flexuose 30–50 × 6–8.5 µm...................................................... <i>X. olivascens</i></p> <p> 9. Pileus convex to applanate, yellow-orange to vinaceous purple; pale yellowish brown lamellae and stipe; basidiospores amygdaliform to ovoid ellipsoid 8.3 × 5.1 μm; cheilocystidia narrowly cylindrical to slightly flexuose or clavate 29–45 × 7–11 μm..................................................................................................................................................................................... <i>X. donadinii</i></p>Published as part of <i>Asif, Muhammad, Saba, Malka & Raza, Mubashar, 2023, First report of the genus Xerophorus from Asia with the description of Xerophorus pakistanicus (Callistosporiaceae), a new species from Southern Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 38-48 in Phytotaxa 632 (1)</i> on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10435188">http://zenodo.org/record/10435188</a>
<i>Hymenagaricus brunneodiscus </i>M. Asif, Saba & M.Raza
No full textHymenagaricus brunneodiscus, growing in nutrient-rich soil on fallen leaves of Eucalyptus, is characterized by its large basidiomata (up to 9 cm diam), dark-brown disc, velvety threads on the surface, raptured margins, stipe pseudorrhiza, rarely lacrymoid basidiospores, clavate to sphaeropedunculate cheilocystidia, and pileipellis made of cylindrical and long hyphae.</p
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