16 research outputs found
A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks
Get PDFWith the increase in demand for high data rates and high bandwidth because of multiple users all over the globe, the technology has moved toward the next-generation of wireless communication. This rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has led to the emergence of 5G networks, which promise significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. Researchers believe that five essential techniques can enable 5G. Beamforming is one of those essentials, as it plays a vital role in achieving reliable and high-capacity communication. This review article portrays a comprehensive analysis of the 5G beamformer Microstrip Patch Antenna array techniques for communication systems. The paper comprises of a deep overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of beamforming, including analog, hybrid, and digital beamforming techniques. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and discusses their suitability for 5G applications. An in-depth examination of various beamforming techniques employed in 5G, encompassing traditional beamforming, massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and adaptive beamforming. The discussion encompasses the strengths, weaknesses, and performance trade-offs of each technique, along with their applicability in diverse deployment scenarios and applications. The review of multiple couplers that are used for the feeding of the antenna is discussed with included hybrid coupler, Wilkinson power divider, branch line coupler, and butler matrix in beamformer smart antenna for 5G/6G communications. Numerous beamforming techniques are compared based on their merits, demerits, and applications. Moreover, the dielectric substrate utilized to design the beamformer was also reviewed. The findings presented in this paper serve as a valuable resource for the researcher, scholars, and engineers working in the field of 5G wireless communications and antenna designing, facilitating the development and deployment of efficient and robust beamforming solutions for future 5G networks
Compact and high-efficiency linear six-element mm-wave antenna array with integrated power divider for 5G wireless communication
Get PDFMillimeter-wave frequencies are crucial for meeting the high-capacity, low-latency demands of 5G communication systems, thereby driving the need for compact, high-gain antenna arrays capable of efficient beamforming. This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a compact, high-efficiency 1 × 6 linear series-fed microstrip patch antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave communication operating at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-loss Rogers RO3003 substrate and incorporates an integrated symmetric two-way microstrip power divider to ensure balanced feeding and phase uniformity across elements. The antenna achieves a simulated peak gain of 11.5 dBi and a broad simulated impedance bandwidth of 30.21%, with measured results confirming strong impedance matching and a return loss better than −20 dB. The far-field radiation patterns demonstrate a narrow, highly directive beam in the E-plane, and the H-plane results reveal beam tilting behavior, validating the antenna’s capability for passive beam steering through feedline geometry and element spacing (~0.5λ). Surface current distribution analysis confirms uniform excitation and efficient radiation, further validating the design’s stability. The fabricated prototype shows excellent agreement with the simulation, with minor discrepancies attributed to fabrication tolerances. These results establish the proposed antenna as a promising candidate for applications requiring compact, high-gain, and beam-steerable solutions, such as 5G mm-wave wireless communication systems, point-to-point wireless backhaul, and automotive radar sensing
Design of a Rectangular Linear Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Communication
Get PDFThis paper presents the design and characterization of a rectangular
microstrip patch antenna array optimized for operation within the Ku-band
frequency range. The antenna array is impedance-matched to 50 Ohms and utilizes
a microstrip line feeding mechanism for excitation. The design maintains
compact dimensions, with the overall antenna occupying an area of 29.5x7 mm.
The antenna structure is modelled on an R03003 substrate material, featuring a
dielectric constant of 3, a low-loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of
1.574 mm. The substrate is backed by a conducting ground plane, and the array
consists of six radiating patch elements positioned on top. Evaluation of the
designed antenna array reveals a resonant frequency of 18GHz, with a -10 dB
impedance bandwidth extending over 700MHz. The antenna demonstrates a high gain
of 7.51dBi, making it well-suited for applications in 5G and future
communication systems. Its compact form factor, cost-effectiveness, and broad
impedance and radiation coverage further underscore its potential in these
domains.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Design of a rectangular linear microstrip patch antenna array for 5G communication
Get PDFThis paper presents the design and characterization of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna array optimized for operation within the Ku-band frequency range. The antenna array is impedance-matched to 50Ω and utilizes a microstrip line feeding mechanism for excitation. The design maintains compact dimensions, with the overall antenna occupying an area of 29.5x7 mm. The antenna structure is modelled on an R03003 substrate material, featuring a dielectric constant of 3, a low-loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 1.574 mm. The substrate is backed by a conducting ground plane, and the array consists of six radiating patch elements positioned on top. Evaluation of the designed antenna array reveals a resonant frequency of 18GHz, with a −10 dB impedance bandwidth extending over 700MHz. The antenna demonstrates a high gain of 7.51dBi, making it well-suited for applications in 5G and future communication systems. Its compact form factor, cost-effectiveness, and broad impedance and radiation coverage further underscore its potential in these domains
A compact linear microstrip patch beamformer antenna array for millimeter-wave future communication
Get PDF5/6G is anticipated to address challenges such as low data speed and high latency in current cellular networks, particularly as the number of users overwhelms 4G and LTE capabilities. This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna array comprising six radiating patches and utilizing a microstrip line feeding technique to facilitate the compact design crucial for 5G implementation. ROGER 3003, chosen for its advanced and environmentally friendly features, serves as the dielectric material, ensuring suitability for 5G and B5G applications. The designed antenna, evaluated at a resonating frequency of 28.8 GHz with a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz, offers a high gain of 9.19 dBi. Its compact array, cost-effectiveness, and broad impedance and radiation coverage position it as a viable candidate for 5G and future communication applications
Asymmetric 4.77 three-way unequal filtering power divider/combiner for communication systems application
Get PDFThis study presents a novel three-way unequal filtering power divider/combiner, addressing challenges in unequal power distribution while incorporating filtering functions in communication systems. Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is the traditional power division approach using quarter-wavelength transmission lines [1]. This type of power divider is popularly used in communication systems due to its good electrical isolation and simple structure. The problem with WPD is that its operation requires the use of an externally connected bandpass filter (BPF) to achieve filtering functionality. This leads to increased footprint and increased loss coefficients in a system. In contrast to the traditional design approach involving a BPF, a matching transmission line, and a Wilkinson power divider as separate components, the proposed integrated filtering power divider (FPD) consolidates all three components into a single device, leading to lower footprint and lower loss coefficient in a system. Circuit modelling and electromagnetic (EM) simulations were conducted to ensure alignment between theoretical and practical results. The design demonstrates effective unequal power division at the three output ports while maintaining very good filtering performance. Results show a return loss better than 15 dB and a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB. The overall size of the device is 32.2×50.0 mm. This paper contributes to advancements in power divider design by addressing unequal power division challenges and integrating filtering functions. The findings offer a foundation for future developments in advanced power divider/combiner systems, with insights into potential challenges and areas for further improvements
Design of a compact low loss 2-way millimetre wave power divider for future communication
Get PDFIn this paper, a rectangular-shaped power divider has been presented operating at 27.9 GHz. The power divider has achieved acceptable results for important parameters such as S11, S12,S21, and S22. The substrate employed for the power divider is Roger 3003 which has a thickness of 1.6 mm. This power divider provides a reflection coefficient of −12.2 dB and an insertion loss of 3.1 dB at 28 GHz. This ka-band T-junction power divider covers 68 % of the bandwidth. Dimensions of the ka-band T-junction power divider are 50×80 mm. Due to its dimensions and bandwidth this power divider is more suitable for millimetre wave applications like RADAR, beamforming, and 5G applications
Performance Evaluation of Modified Bitumen Using EPS Beads for Green and Sustainable Development of Polymer-Based Asphalt Mixtures
No full textMultiband Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) Based Antenna for Future Wireless Applications
Get PDFA novel multi-band stepped impedance resonator (SIR) based microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The presented antenna is explicitly designed to overcome the multi-standard requirements of future wireless communication systems. The antenna contains six radiating patches, occupies a volume of 85x50x1.574mm. The antenna contains three short-circuited dual band SIR radiating patches. The SIR radiating patches are optimized to operate at the specified frequency bands of 0.9GHz, 1.2GHz, 1.5GHz, 2.5GHz, 2.75GHz, and 3.65 GHz. The SIR radiating patches are fed using a single coaxial feeding technique which shows a good matching of 50 Ohm. In stepped impedance technique; of three resonators one of the radiating patches is short circuited with a ground. The simulated results of the reflection coefficient, impedance matching, and peak gains show stable responses and are acceptable. The Antenna is designed using FR-4 as a substrate whereas; CST studio and MATLAB are utilized as simulation tool. The proposed antenna verifies to be a suitable candidate for small mobile devices and other multi-standard wireless communication devices
