546 research outputs found
supplementary files
No full text<p><strong><span>Table 1. </span></strong><span>Specific cis- elements with their functioning. </span><strong><span>Table 2. </span></strong><span>Cis-Elements identified in all BoBZR1 genes with their functioning. </span><strong><span>Table 3. </span></strong><span>BoBZR1 genes expression profile toward cuticular wax biosynthesis. </span><strong><span>Table 4. </span></strong><span><span>BoBZR1 genes expression in all seven tissues.</span></span></p>
Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Factors for Heterogeneous Traffic Using Occupancy-Density Linear Regression Model
No full textA variety of methods have been proposed in the existing literature for the estimation of passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors. These methods are based on the comparison of selected attributes of different vehicles. This research, for the first time, utilizes the basic notion of the linear relationship between road area occupancy and density for the estimation of PCE factors for different vehicle types in heterogeneous traffic. Aerial photographs obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were analyzed to estimate the road area occupancy and the number of vehicles classified in seven selected groups. A linear least-squares regression model was developed between road area occupancy and classified vehicle count. The coefficients of the occupancy-density linear regression model were used to estimate PCE and motorcycle equivalent (MCE) factors. The comparison of the estimated set of PCE values with the values reported in the literature shows that PCE factors estimated using the proposed method are reasonable and produce a better occupancy-density relationship than the other studies. In comparison with the existing methods that rely on lane-based measurements, the proposed method is well suited for traffic with weak/no lane discipline, as it considers the entire road width and the dynamics of lateral movement of different types of vehicles. The proposed method does not need extensive traffic data of speeds, headways, flow rates, and so forth, and is applicable on aerial photographs obtained from other sources, such as satellites.Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported with funding from Exascale Open Data Analytics Lab, National Center for Big Data and Cloud Computing (NCBC) and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to research students Syed Hassan Ali, Haseeb Ahmed, Zohaib Ahmed, Aqib Abbasi, Asad Rehan, Mirza Ali Haider, Syed Abbas Hasan Zaidi, and Omema for their help in this research
sj-docx-2-npx-10.1177_1934578X211031148 - Supplemental material for Antileishmanial Potential of Berberine Alkaloids From <i>Berberis glaucocarpa</i> Roots: Molecular Docking Suggests Relevant <i>Leishmania</i> Protein Targets
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-npx-10.1177_1934578X211031148 for Antileishmanial Potential of Berberine Alkaloids From Berberis glaucocarpa Roots: Molecular Docking Suggests Relevant Leishmania Protein Targets by Muhammad Alamzeb, Saqib Ali, Mamoon-Ur-Rashid, Behramand Khan, Ihsanullah, Adnan, Muhammad Omer, Asad Ullah, Javed Ali, William N. Setzer, Syed M. Salman, Ajmal Khan and Akram Shah in Natural Product Communications</p
sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211031148 - Supplemental material for Antileishmanial Potential of Berberine Alkaloids From <i>Berberis glaucocarpa</i> Roots: Molecular Docking Suggests Relevant <i>Leishmania</i> Protein Targets
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211031148 for Antileishmanial Potential of Berberine Alkaloids From Berberis glaucocarpa Roots: Molecular Docking Suggests Relevant Leishmania Protein Targets by Muhammad Alamzeb, Saqib Ali, Mamoon-Ur-Rashid, Behramand Khan, Ihsanullah, Adnan, Muhammad Omer, Asad Ullah, Javed Ali, William N. Setzer, Syed M. Salman, Ajmal Khan and Akram Shah in Natural Product Communications</p
Energy Minimization in Piperazine Promoted MDEA-Based CO2 Capture Process
No full textA piperazine (PZ)-promoted methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution for a carbon dioxide (CO2) removal process from the flue gas of a large-scale coal power plant has been simulated. An Aspen Plus® was used to perform the simulation process. Initially, the effects of MDEA/PZ concentration ratio and stripper pressure on the regeneration energy of CO2 capture process were investigated. The MDEA/PZ concentration ratio of 35/15 wt.% (35 wt. MDEA and 15 wt.% PZ) was selected as an appropriate concentration. The reboiler duty of 3.235 MJ/kg CO2 was obtained at 35/15 wt.% concentration ratio of MDEA/PZ. It was considered a reference or base case, and process modifications including rich vapor compression (RVC) process, cold solvent split (CSS), and the combination of both processes were investigated to check its effect on the energy requirement. A total equivalent work of 0.7 MJe/kg CO2 in the RVC and a reboiler duty of 2.78 MJ/kg CO2 was achieved in the CSS process. Similarly, the total equivalent work, reboiler duty, and condenser duty of 0.627 MJe/kg CO2, 2.44 MJ/kg CO2, and 0.33 MJ/kg CO2, respectively, were obtained in the combined process. The reboiler duty and the total equivalent work were reduced by about 24.6 and 16.2%, respectively, as compared to the reference case. The total energy cost saving was 1.79 M per year
Natural fiber reinforced composites: Sustainable materials for emerging applications
No full textIn the contemporary world, natural fibers reinforced polymer composite (NFRPC) materials are of great interest owing to their eco-friendly nature, lightweight, life-cycle superiority, biodegradability, low cost, noble mechanical properties. NFRPCs are widely applied in various engineering applications and this research field is continuously developing. However, the researchers are facing numerous challenges regarding the developments and applications of NFPRCs due to the inherent characteristics of natural fibers (NFs). These challenges include quality of the fiber, thermal stability, water absorption capacity, and incompatibility with the polymer matrices. Ecological and economic concerns are animating new research in the field of NFRPCs. Furthermore, considerable research is carried out to improve the performance of NFRPCs in recent years. This review highlights some of the important breakthroughs associated with the NFRPCs in terms of sustainability, eco-friendliness, and economic perspective. It also includes hybridization of NFs with synthetic fibers which is a highly effective way of improving the mechanical properties of NFRPCs along with some chemical treatment procedures. This review also elucidates the significance of using numerical models for NFRPCs. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn to assist the researchers with future research directions
Research Study of the Contribution of Mufti Muhammad Shafi‘ in Sīrah Studies
No full textMufti Muhammad Shafi' was a great spiritual leader, Pakistan's grand mufti and a renowned Islamic scholar as well. He served in different fields with his knowledge, research and writings. He translated and wrote the interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān, he had keen grasp on Fiqh, Hadith and other religious affairs. Thousands of fatwas had been issued by him and he built a well known Islamic university named ‘Jamia Darul uloom Karachi.’ He participated in politics as well for the national cause and struggled too much for the Islamic contribution in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This research paper is about his efforts that he made for the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him). He wrote several books on Seerat-e-Nabawi, he defended Khatm-e-Nubuwwat and fought against Qadyaniyyat. This report has the abstract frame on specific grounds regarding Sīrah, Sunnah and teachings of Holy Prophet. It will portray a very brief description on Mufti Shafi's services in Sīrah's aspect
Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors
No full textObjective: To determine the frequency of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients using spot urine ACR
ratio and identify its associated risk factors.
Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Muhammad
Teaching Hospital (MTH) Peshawar, Pakistan from February 01, 2023, to July 31, 2023.
Methods: A total of 150 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. The sample size was
calculated with a WHO sample size calculator using a reference study with a 10.8% prevalence of diabetic
nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; confidence interval = 95% and the margin of error was 5%.
Results: With an SD ± 5.146, the mean age was 49 years old. There were 87 (58%) females and 63 (42%) males
present. Out of 150 individuals, the spot urine ACR was analyzed. Of these, 47 (31%) had microalbuminuria (less
than 300 mg/m) while, 28 patients (19%) had macroalbuminuria (more than 300 mg/m), whereas end-stage
renal disease was found in 6 (4%) with GFR < 30 ml/m -1.73 m2. A study was conducted on 150 individuals to
determine the status of diabetic nephropathy. Of these, 81 (54%) had diabetic nephropathy and 69 (46%) did
not.
Conclusion: Using the spot urine ACR ratio, our study suggests that 46% of type-2 diabetic patients had diabetic
nephropathy. The incidence was 24% in people with diabetes for 5–10 years and 26% in patients with diabetes
for 11–15 years. Patients with diabetes for 16 to 20 years had a 50% incidence. In conclusion, those with
diabetes for a longer period are at a much greater risk of diabetic nephropathy.
How to cite this: Ullah A, Kausar SAZ, Ayaz M, Khan MS, Ullah S, Saeed RF. Frequency of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Spot Urine ACR and Its Associated Risk Factors. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 459-464. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.80
Extending the LoRa Direct-to-Satellite Limits: Doppler Shift Pre-Compensation
No full textEarlier studies and field tests have extensively investigated Long Range (LoRa) direct-to-satellite (DtS) communications, confirming the feasibility of integration with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. These works identify the Doppler effect as one of the primary challenges. Therefore, there is a need for a robust solution to mitigate the impact of this phenomenon in order to improve the performance of LoRa DtS communications in a LEO scenario. This paper addresses this shortcoming by developing a solution to pre-compensate the Doppler shift. Specifically, we propose a method that allows end devices to estimate and pre-compensate the Doppler shift before initiating an uplink transmission. This framework, which requires satellites to broadcast Doppler Beacons, ensures compatibility with existing LoRaWAN end devices without requiring any hardware modifications. We leverage data from real-world LoRa satellites’ empirical telemetry to validate our proposed method. We analytically study packet losses due to Doppler shift across different carrier frequencies, specifically 401.5 MHz, 868 MHz, and 2 GHz. Our analysis also considers different satellite orbital heights, specifically 200 km and 518 km, as well as channel bandwidths of 31.25 kHz, 62.5 kHz, and 125 kHz. Our results demonstrate that the proposed solution effectively pre-compensates for the Doppler shift and mitigates the packet losses, extending the passing satellites’ effective visibility window duration. We examine the maximum Doppler shift in the communication channel and the calculate required Doppler Beacon bandwidth for different orbital altitudes, minimum elevation angles, and carrier frequencies. This study also investigates how the proposed framework affects the battery lifetime of the end device, showing a marginal decrease of 2.5% compared to traditional LoRaWAN operation
Chlaenius (Rhopalopalpus) janthinus Kollar & L. Redtenbacher 1844
No full textChlaenius (Rhopalopalpus) janthinus Kollar & L. Redtenbacher, 1844 (Fig. 9c) Chlaenius janthinus Kollar & L. Redtenbacher, 1844: 500; Rhopalopalpus poecilioides Laferte-Senectere, 1851: 236. Material examined. PAKISTAN • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Islamabad, Sara-e-Kharboza; 26 Apr. 2015; Mishkat Ullah leg.; PMNH • 1 ♀; Islamabad, Margalla Town; 25 Apr. 2015; Mishkatullah leg.; PMNH • 1 ♂; Islamabad; 30 Jan. 1983; Manzoor leg.; PMNH • 1 ♂ (1 specimen sex=?); same collection data as for preceding; 28 Nov. 1982; Manzoor leg.; PMNH • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Dec. 1982; Manzoor leg; PMNH • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 specimen sex=?); Islamabad; 23 Dec. 1983; Manzoor leg.; PMNH • 1 ♂; Islamabad; 20 Jan. 1982; Manzoor leg.; PMNH • 1 ♀; Islamabad; 25 Jan. 1983; Manzoor leg.; PMNH • 1 ♀; Islamabad, 15 Oct. 1981; Dr. Azhar Hassan leg.; PMNH • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Punjab, Rawalpindi, PMAS Arid Agriculture University (Students Collection); 2015; Mishkat Ullah leg.; PMNH • 1 ♀; Rawalpindi, Ayub Park; 31 Oct. 1981; S. Azhar Hassan leg.; PMNH • 1 specimen; Punjab, Soon Valley, Khabbaki Lake; 3–7 Aug. 2007; Muhammad Abbas leg.; PMNH • 1 ♀; Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Rawlakot; Afshan leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; Islamabad, National Insect Museum & Insectpest Informatics Building NARC; 15 Sep. 2007; Asad leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; Islamabad, NARC; 26 Oct. 2010; Dr. Ather Rafi leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; Punjab, Choa Saidan Shah (Choa), 10 mile from Khewra, Salt Range; 15–19 Oct. 1930; Dr. S.L. Hora & H.S. Pruthi (Zoological Survey of India) leg.; Chlaenius (Rhopalistes) janthinus L.Redten. by Mishkat Ullah 2017 det.; under stone; ex coll. Indian Museum Calcutta; NHMUK (H.E. Andrewes Collection 1945-97) • 1 specimen; Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Rawalakot; Rhopalistes janthinus Redt by H.E. Andrewes det. ①, R. poeciloides Laferte (yellow colored ID label) det. ②, Chlaenius (Rhopalistes) janthinus L. Redten. by Mishkat Ullah 2017 det. ③; NHMUK. Measurements. Male (n=10): TL= 17.42, HW= 3.31 mm, PL= 3.90 mm, PW= 4.95 mm, EL= 9.97 mm, EW= 3.14 mm. Ratios PL/PW= 0.78, HW/PW= 0.66 and EL/EW= 3.17. Female (n=10): TL= 17.31 mm, HW= 3.50 mm, PL= 3.91 mm, PW= 4.90 mm, EL= 10.34 mm, EW= 3.29 mm. Ratios PL/PW= 0.79, HW/PW= 0.71 and EL/EW= 3.14 Diagnosis. Head violet-black and shining, frons moderately and vertex densely setiferous punctate; maxillary palpi and labial palpi bulb or club shaped; antennalarticles I-III, labrum, legs black; mandibles, maxillary palpi, antennal articles IV–IX dark reddish brown. Pronotum violet-black and shining, apical margin narrower than basal, antero-lateral angles rounded, lateral side less convex, postero-lateral angles obtuse, anterior margin sparsely and posterior densely coarser punctate, lateral fovea elongated and shallow. Elytra matt violet-black, almost ovoid, striae deep, punctate; interval moderately convex, isodiametrical microsculpture, interval VIII & IX with setiferous punctures. Venter black, proepisternum, metepimeron and metepisternum with large sized setiferous punctures. Comments. In this current study, it was recorded from Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Khushab and Choa Saidan Shah (Azad Jummu & Kashmir upto entire Salt Range). Distribution. Kashmir, India and Pakistan (Anichtchenko 2017).Published as part of Ullah, Mishkat, Naeem, Muhammad, Mahmood, Khalid & Garner, Beulah, 2022, Addition to the knowledge of Tribe Chlaeniini Brullé, 1834 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Pakistan, pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 5115 (4) on page 479, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/636155
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