152 research outputs found
توہینِ رسالت: الزامات اور انطباقات میں کوتاہی ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
No full textBlasphemy remains a contentious and highly debated issue in contemporary society, drawing widespread attention and controversy. Incidents of blasphemy often trigger extensive debates surrounding Section 295-C of Pakistani law and our societal attitudes towards this sensitive subject. This controversy is exacerbated by those who, under the guise of absolute freedom of expression, assert their right to insult religion and sacred entities. Such actions often stem from ignorance and a lack of understanding of religious principles, making the issue even more contentious. This study seeks to explore the concept of blasphemy and examine the perspectives of jurists regarding its punishment. Additionally, it investigates how the teachings of religion and the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can guide us in avoiding misguided approaches to this issue. The study also aims to uncover the internal and external elements that conspire to insult religious sanctities. Two primary aspects of negligence are identified: the misuse of the law, often driven by malice, and ignorance among the populace, where individuals are falsely accused and subsequently harmed or killed. This paper focuses on the latter aspect, discussing false accusations arising from ignorance. It contextualizes this discussion with examples from the Sirat-un-Nabi (the life of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH), which provide valuable guidance for addressing this issue responsibly and ethically
Democratic Institutions and Variability of Economic Growth in Pakistan: Some Evidence from the Time-series Analysis
No full textThis paper explores the empirical association between democracy and per capita output growth in Pakistan using data for the period 1947 to 2006. The findings of the paper indicate a weak negative association between democracy and output growth. Consistent with some current empirical literature, democracy is also found to influence output growth indirectly. The empirical results are robust to different democracy variables and output growth equation specifications. The empirical findings also highlight the role of other variables in determining output growth and, except for rising oil prices, show its positive linkage to physical and human capital, government consumption, openness of trade practices and inflation.Democracy, Growth, Time-series
AMNIOTIC FLUID ASSESSMENT; DYNAMIC ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN AMNIOTIC FLUID ASSESSMENT IN PREGNANCY IN PAKISTAN
No full textComparison between Outcomes of Open and Arthroscopic Fixation of Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures
No full textOBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of fragment reduction and to measure the rate of postoperative complications between arthrotomy (ORIF) and arthroscopy(ARIF) pediatric tibial spine avulsion fractures using the Lysholm knee scoring system (limp, pain swelling, climbing stairs) and IKDC subjective knee evaluation form.
METHODS:
This Comparative Study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, between 2021-2022. A total of 42 patients who had tibial spine avulsion fracture with follow-up of 6 months were included. Twenty-one patients were treated with ORIF, and 21 were treated with ARIF. Functional outcomes were assessed using the IKDC score and LYSHOLM score (Follow-up rate was 95 %). Radiographic findings of patients were recorded, and a statistical study was done. The level of significance was set at <0.05.
RESULTS: The study revealed that out of 42 Participants, 36(85.71%) males and 6 (14.29 %) females participated in the survey with the age range of 8-16 years with a mean age of 12.02± (2.53) years. Out of 42 Participants, 22 (52.4%) had motor vehicle accidents with type 3(38.1%) and 4(54.8%) modified Meyers and Mckeever fracture classification. At the end of the follow-up period, the mean IKDC score was 90.52 + 1.50 (p = 0.00, CI = 95%). The Lysholm score was 90.676.11 compared to the last follow-up (p=0.20, CI = 95%). Compared to ORIF, only 5(11.9%) patients complained of post-op infection or vascular injury.
CONCLUSION: This study observed better functional outcomes in arthroscopic reduction and immobilization than in open reduction internal fixation. Arthroscopy for TSAF decreases the risk of arthrofibrosis and minimizes morbidities and better management of symptoms. Compared to OIRF, ARIF showed good content validity for the IKDC and Lysholm scales
Exploring the best native pollinators for pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) production in
No full textAbstract.-Pollination in pumpkin (Cucrubita pepo) largely depends on activity of native insect pollinators, especially the bees. In order to explore the pollinator diversity and the best native pollinators for pumpkin production, an experiment was performed at the research farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The visitation frequency of the bees across staminate and pistillate flowers, pattern of diurnal and seasonal visitation, efficiency in harvesting and depositing pollen and resultant fruit set per single visit were evaluated. The insect pollinator community was composed of 18 species in 3 orders and 6 families. Nomia sp., Apis dorsata and Halictus sp. were among the most abundant (189, 399, 117 respectively) and efficient pollinators in terms of number of pollen grains harvested (3121.50±199.54, 2090.40±139.03, 798.45±109.39, respectively) and deposited (376.60±23.01, 204.15±20.63, 177.85±16.31, respectively). The single visit fruit set percentage also revealed Nomia sp. (36.66) as the best pollinator followed by the A. dorsata (23.33) and Halictus sp. (20.0). Conserving and enhancing these bee species may boost pumpkin production in Pakistan
Health-related quality of life and its predictors among adults living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Pakistan
No full textBackground Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered to be the fourth 90 of UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to monitor the effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART has significantly increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, the impact of chronic infection on HRQoL remains unclear, while factors influencing the HRQoL may vary from one country to another. The current study aimed to assess HRQoL and its associated factors among PLWHA receiving ART in Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among PLWHA attending an ART centre of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. HRQoL was assessed using a validated Urdu version of EuroQol 5 dimensions 3 level (EQ-5D-3L) and its Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Results Of the 602 patients included in the analyses, 59.5% (n = 358) reported no impairment in self-care, while 63.1% (n = 380) were extremely anxious/depressed. The overall mean EQ-5D utility score and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score were 0.388 (SD: 0.41) and 66.20 (SD: 17.22), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factors significantly associated with HRQoL were: female gender; age > 50 years; having primary and secondary education; > 1 year since HIV diagnosis; HIV serostatus AIDS-converted; higher CD 4 T lymphocytes count; detectable viral load; and increased time to ART. Conclusions The current findings have shown that PLWHA in Pakistan adherent to ART had a good overall HRQoL, though with significantly higher depression. Some of the factors identified are amenable to institution-based interventions while mitigating depression to enhance the HRQoL of PLWHA in Pakistan. The HRQoL determined in this study could be useful for future economic evaluation studies for ART and in designing future interventions
Ethnomedicinal Uses of Animals in Vicinity of Ayubia National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan
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EAUHHCAMA: Extending and Adapting Usability Heuristics for Healthcare Related Context-Aware Mobile Applications
No full textFitness related context-aware mobile applications (FCAMA) being the fragment of healthcare informatics, use emerging technologies and provide continuous and real-time information to the end-users. This information supports the users in understanding the physical condition and the way to improve health using cues. That's why; healthcare informatics is the fast-growing domain of interest for researchers. FCAMA has collected information from inbuilt smartphone tools including accelerometer, GPS, microphone, camera, and others. FCAMA transformed the extracted data into a usable form and formulated individual plans to track and improve fitness. But, it is ambiguous whether the user interfaces of FCAMA is really effective in improving health and fitness. Although, several studies attempt to establish an effective usability evaluation mechanism, it still needs further work for comprehensively identifying usability flaws. Evaluators of FCAMA use inspection based heuristics set to identify user-related issues. In order to identify the usability issues comprehensively, it is important that heuristics are pertinent. In this paper, we propose an enhanced and adapted set of fourteen usability heuristics for FCAMA. Eleven heuristics were selected and adapted after cross-linking the usability flaws with the existing sets of heuristics. Usability flaws were captured in a user study with 850 students from the human-computer interaction (HCI) course. While we added two more against uncaptured usability flaws, to be able to adapt the heuristics set to the context awareness aspect. The FCAMA was validated using two evaluation studies conducted by students in (HCI) course, and second by usability experts. Results have justified the proposed heuristics both in terms of effectiveness and relevance
Organic manures: an efficient move towards maize grain biofortification
No full textAbstract Purpose In a novel approach, certain organic wastes byproducts of agro industries were assessed for their ability to support maize growth and Zn bioavailability in maize grain. Methods In a field experiment, maize (Zea mays) was supplemented with farm yard manure (FYM), press mud (PM), fisheries manure (FM), and slaughter house waste (SHW) in combination with Zn soil application (ZnS) and Zn foliar spray (ZnF) with recommended doses of N:P:K (140:100:60 kg ha−1), respectively. Besides assessing the maize growth, grain, and straw yield, Zn bioavailability in maize grain was also studied. Results Organic materials combined with ZnS and ZnF significantly increased the maize yield and Zn bioavailability. PM + ZnS increased the grain yield by 69.71%, while FM + ZnF and FYM + ZnF increased the grain Zn concentration by 86.37 and 86.16%, respectively. Moreover, grain Zn content was greatly influenced by PM + ZnS and PM + ZnF resulted an average increase by 160%. Phytate concentration and phytae:Zn molar ratio in grain were decreased by 30.34 and 66.92%, respectively by FYM + ZnF. Estimated Zn bioavailability ranged from 0.92 to 2.04 mg Zn/300 g in maize grain, and was maximum by PM and FYM combined with ZnF. Conclusion Organic manures influence the nutrient uptake from soil, increase the product quality, and act as a good organic fertilizer. The current study revealed that organic manures can enhance crop growth and Zn uptake in grain in sustainable manner. It would be an eco-friendly approach by utilizing organic wastes annually generated by agro industries
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