73 research outputs found
Pemanfaatan Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) dalam Produksi Bata Ringan di Indonesia
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatan Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) sebagai bahan tambahan dalam produksi bata ringan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengikuti standar SNI dan ASTM untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi SBE terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik bata ringan. Sampel uji yang paling optimal, M_OPC_20_FA_28, adalah mortar dengan ukuran 5x5x5 cm yang menggunakan semen OPC dan variasi substitusi PSBE sebesar 20% terhadap berat semen, dicampur dengan bahan pengembang foaming agent dan dibiarkan curing selama 28 hari. Sampel ini menunjukkan hasil optimal dengan bobot isi 1790,67 kg/m³, tingkat penyerapan air 1,342%, kuat tekan 20,396 MPa, dan tingkat susut pengeringan 0,1701%. Meskipun memenuhi sebagian besar persyaratan SNI, bobot isi sampel ini melebihi batas maksimum yang ditetapkan oleh SNI, yaitu 1400 kg/m³. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan mengganti bahan pengembang foaming agent menjadi aluminium powder. Hasil penelitian lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa bobot isi sampel turun menjadi 1496,53 kg/m³, namun tingkat penyerapan air meningkat menjadi 8,41%, kuat tekan menurun menjadi 5,008 MPa, dan tingkat susut pengeringan tetap stabil di 0,1695%. Meskipun bobot isi mengalami penurunan signifikan, hasilnya masih melebihi batas maksimum yang diizinkan oleh SNI. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi bahan pengembang guna memenuhi seluruh standar yang ada.
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This study aims to analyze the potential utilization of Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) as an additive in the production of lightweight bricks in Indonesia. The research was conducted following SNI and ASTM standards to evaluate the effects of SBE substitution on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight bricks. The most optimal test sample, M_OPC_20_FA_28, is a mortar measuring 5x5x5 cm that uses OPC cement with a 20% PSBE substitution by cement weight, mixed with a foaming agent and cured for 28 days. This sample demonstrated optimal results with a bulk density of 1790.67 kg/m³, water absorption of 1.342%, compressive strength of 20.396 MPa, and drying shrinkage of 0.1701%. Although it meets most of the SNI requirements, the bulk density of this sample exceeds the maximum limit set by SNI, which is 1400 kg/m³. To address this issue, further research was conducted by replacing the foaming agent with aluminum powder. The follow-up study results showed that the bulk density of the sample decreased to 1496.53 kg/m³, but water absorption increased to 8.41%, compressive strength dropped to 5.008 MPa, and drying shrinkage remained stable at 0.1695%. Despite the significant reduction in bulk density, the results still exceed the maximum limit allowed by SNI. Further studies are needed to optimize the foaming agent formulation to fully comply with the standards
Knowledge Mapping Trends of Internet of Things (IoT) in Plant Disease and Insect Pest Study: A Visual Analysis
No full textThe study and literature on the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications in agriculture for smart farming are increasing worldwide. However, the knowledge mapping trends related to IoT applications in plant disease, pest management, and control are still unclear and rarely reported. The primary aim of the present study is to identify the current trends and explore hot topics of IoT in plant disease and insect pest research for future research direction. Peer review articles published from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection (2010-2021) were identified using keywords, and extracted database was analysed scientifically via Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer and R programming software. A total of 231 documents with 5321 cited references authored by 878 scholars showed that the knowledge on the studied area has been growing positively and rapidly for the past ten years. India and China are the most productive countries, comprising more than half (52%) of the total access database on the subject area in WoS. IoT application has been integrated with other knowledge domains, such as machine learning, deep learning, image processing, and artificial intelligence, to produce excellent crop and pest disease monitoring research. This study contributes to the current knowledge of the research topic and suggests possible hot topics for future direction
Effect of indigenous and non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, soil, fertility and plant nutrients uptake in Terung Asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal)
No full texterung asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal) is a native fruit vegetable that is gaining interest as a commercial crop in Sarawak and Malaysia. Malaysia is covered by soils that are highly weathered, acidic and low in fertility and depend on chemical fertilizers to promote good plant growth. Alternative means to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), must be sourced. Very little research on terung asam has been documented particularly on nutrient uptake. The objectives of this research were to: (i) determine the effect of indigenous and non-indigenous AMF on terung asam, (ii) investigate the effect of indigenous and non-indigenous AMF on soil fertility and nutrient uptake by terung asam, and (iii) evaluate colonization by indigenous and non-indigenous AMF on the root of terung asam. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using two indigenous AMF (T2 and T3), one non-indigenous AMF (T4) and one control (T1). The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design with four subsamples and four replicates. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted and measured for height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll for 90-days. Fresh and dry shoot and root weights were taken during harvesting. Plant nutrient analyses were conducted using Kjeldahl method for total N, single ashing for P and single ashing and double acid for K, Ca and Mg. Soil nutrients were extracted using Kjeldahl method for soil total N, aqua regia for total P, double acid for available P, aqua regia for total K, Ca and Mg and dilute double acid for exchangeable K, Ca and Mg. AMF root colonisation was conducted based on the gridline intersection method. Results revealed that the addition of AMF spores increased plant height by 13 to 33% and stem diameter by 5 to 25%. T4 plants showed dominance over T2 and T3. More leaves were retained by T4 plants at harvesting, an indication that the plant is stronger than other treatments. T4 recorded higher fresh shoot (11.27%) and dry shoot (14.98%) as well as fresh root (23.67%) and dry root (22.77%) weights than T1 plants. All potting media detected a decrease in total nutrient contents but increased in exchangeable K (88.55 to 158.88%), Ca (91.88 to 271.25%) and Mg (200.22 to 663.38%) were observed, with T2, T3 and T4 showing higher values than T1. Addition of AMF in treatments T2, T3 and T4 promoted better nutrient uptake by aboveground and belowground biomasses particularly for K, Ca and Mg. T4 was superior in terms of nutrient uptake for most nutrients. T3 recorded higher root colonisation (69.32%) followed by T4 (64.71%) with structures like arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae observed. AMF in T4 showed better results as the AMF spores are proven effective in promoting plant growth while AMF used in T2 and T3 were obtained from the field and untested. Indigenous AMF in T3 showed better results than T2 which could be related to the source of the inoculum. Finding of this study showed the potential of indigenous and non-indigenous AMF in promoting growth and nutrient uptake by terung asam plants
Larval development of Kerai lampam hybrid
No full textThe larval development of lemon fin barb hybrid was studied for 21 days after hatching (21 DAH). The hatching of eggs beganat 15 hours after fertilization. At hatching, larvae were transparent with the presence of the yolk sac which was bulbous on the anterior and slightly narrowed on the posterior position. The mouth began to open at 3 DAH and the yolk absorption completed at the end of the same day. On 4 DAH, the exogenous feeding started and many morphological changes occurs especially on fins, head and gut of the larvae. The lateral line was clearly visible at 13 DAH but no scale was developed even at 21 DAH. A strong relationship (BW = 1.2311TL- 3.74, R2= 0.9415) between total length and body weight of larval fish was observed
Improving Transformer Health Index Prediction Performance Using Machine Learning Algorithms with a Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique
No full textMachine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool in transformer condition assessment, enabling more accurate diagnostics by leveraging historical test data. However, imbalanced datasets, often characterized by limited samples in poor transformer conditions, pose significant challenges to model performance. This study investigates the application of oversampling techniques to enhance ML model accuracy in predicting the Health Index of transformers. A dataset comprising 3850 transformer tests collected from utilities across Indonesia was used. Key parameters, including oil quality, dissolved gas analysis, and paper condition factors, were employed as inputs for ML modeling. To address the class imbalance, various oversampling methods, such as the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Borderline-SMOTE, SMOTE-Tomek, and SMOTE-ENN, were implemented and compared. This study explores the impact of these techniques on model performance, focusing on classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results reveal that all SMOTE-based methods improved model performance, with SMOTE-ENN yielding the best outcomes. It significantly reduced classification errors, particularly for minority classes, ensuring better predictive reliability. These findings underscore the importance of advanced oversampling techniques in improving transformer diagnostics. By effectively addressing the challenges posed by imbalanced datasets, this research provides a robust framework for applying ML in transformer condition monitoring and other domains with similar data constraints
Prevalence of obesity and its associated psychological factors and mindful eating among medical students: a cross sectional study in UPM
No full textIntroduction: There is a tremendous prevalence of obesity worldwide, among both adults and children. Obesity may be caused by various factors, including genetic factors, psychosocial stresses, and environmental factors. Some local studies showed that the prevalence of obesity is high among undergraduate medical students, which might impact the quality of life of the medical students. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity among UPM medical students and its associated factors, including sociodemographic factors, levels of mindful eating, and psychological factors. Method: A cross sectional study was performed on 483 medical students between 20 and 26 years old who were selected via universal sampling method. Through a google form, medical students were sent a self-administered online questionnaire that included sections on sociodemography, psychological distress, MEQ scores, and self-reported weight and height. Results: The majority of the respondents were female undergraduate medical students (66.9%). Out of 483 respondents, 166 were obese (34.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that gender (p <0.001, β: 1.018), age (p:0.014, β:0.156), ethnicity (Chinese: p<0.001, β-1.020) and total MEQ scores (p <0.001, β:1.669) were statisticly significant associated with obesity. Conclusion: In summary, this study explores obesity prevalence and its associated factors among UPM medical students, including sociodemographics, mindful eating, and psychological aspects. The factors of this study which were significant associated with obesity were gender, age, ethnicity and total MEQ scores. By recognizing the myriad variables intertwined with obesity development, we can now design more targeted interventions for obesity prevention. This broader perspective compels a shift from one-size-fits-all approaches to tailored solutions that address the unique needs and susceptibilities of individuals
Nitrate pollution in groundwater: a cross-sectional study in three villages in Bachok District, Kelantan, Malaysia during the paddy pre-planting season
No full textNitrate fertilizer is extensively used to produce healthy crops on a wide scale, and paddy planting is no exception. Nitrate that is not used by plants is able to penetrate the soil and end up in groundwater. This, if not checked, can give rise to health problems including infant methemoglobinaemia, a disease where hemoglobin in erythrocytes are changed into methemoglobin by nitrite which, in turn, makes it unable to transport oxygen to body cells. Nitrite is formed from ingested nitrate that is altered by bacteria present in the infant’s stomach. This cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2019 for 2 weeks’ observation during the paddy pre-planting season, and a total of 149 wells across three villages were sampled for nitrate. Readings were compared to the Drinking Water Quality Standard stated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The maximum acceptable value for nitrate in drinking water is 45 mg/L nitrate (NO3-). The three villages, namely Keting, Kuchelong and Telaga Ara, were chosen as they are located near paddy fields and water from wells were used for drinking and cooking without filtration. It was found that only one (0.67%) of the wells had nitrate above the maximum acceptable value (56.85 mg/L NO3-). This highest value was found in Telaga Ara village and the location of the well was 50m from the nearest paddy fields. In Kuchelong village, the mean nitrate level was 5.10 +0.85 mg/L with a range of 0.73 to 27.10 mg/L. While in Telaga Ara village, the mean nitrate levels was 10.52 +1. 24 mg/L with a range of 1.67 to 56.85 mg/L. Mean nitrate level in Keting village was 5.34 + 4.94 mg/L with a range of 0.40 -23.65 mg/L. In general, nitrate levels were found to be below the maximum acceptable value in the villages concerned and therefore did not pose any health risks to users. Periodic assessment of nitrate in groundwater is still important as to ensure the levels remain below the acceptable value, and in turn, safeguard the health of its users
Nitrate concentration in groundwater: a cross-sectional study in three villages near paddy fields in Bachok district, Kelantan during the harvest season
No full textNitrate fertilizer is extensively used to produce healthy crops on a wide scale, and paddy planting is no exception. Nitrate that is not used by plants is able to penetrate the soil and end up in groundwater. This, if not checked, can give rise to health problems including infant methemoglobinaemia, a disease where hemoglobin in erythrocytes are changed into methemoglobin by nitrite which, in turn, makes it unable to transport oxygen to body cells. Nitrite is formed from ingested nitrate that is altered by bacteria present in the infant’s stomach. This cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2019 for 2 weeks’ observation during the paddy pre-planting season, and a total of 149 wells across three villages were sampled for nitrate. Readings were compared to the Drinking Water Quality Standard stated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The maximum acceptable value for nitrate in drinking water is 45 mg/L nitrate (NO3-). The three villages, namely Keting, Kuchelong and Telaga Ara, were chosen as they are located near paddy fields and water from wells were used for drinking and cooking without filtration. It was found that only one (0.67%) of the wells had nitrate above the maximum acceptable value (56.85 mg/L NO3-). This highest value was found in Telaga Ara village and the location of the well was 50m from the nearest paddy fields. In Kuchelong village, the mean nitrate level was 5.10 +0.85 mg/L with a range of 0.73 to 27.10 mg/L. While in Telaga Ara village, the mean nitrate levels was 10.52 +1. 24 mg/L with a range of 1.67 to 56.85 mg/L. Mean nitrate level in Keting village was 5.34 + 4.94 mg/L with a range of 0.40 -23.65 mg/L. In general, nitrate levels were found to be below the maximum acceptable value in the villages concerned and therefore did not pose any health risks to users. Periodic assessment of nitrate in groundwater is still important as to ensure the levels remain below the acceptable value, and in turn, safeguard the health of its users
PERENCANAAN PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH (Studi Kasus : Gedung Sunter Agung Commercial)
No full textPenyediaan air bersih merupakan hal penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air bagi penduduk perkotaan. Namun, dengan pertumbuhan perkotaan yang pesat, pasokan air bersih menjadi semakin terbatas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan sumber air alternatif seperti pemanenan air hujan menjadi solusi yang menarik untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perencanaan pemanenan air hujan sebagai alternatif penyediaan air bersih untuk Gedung Sunter Agung Commercial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan efektivitas sistem pemanenan air hujan, serta menganalisis manfaatnya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih gedung secara berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan untuk menilai kondisi fisik dan potensi gedung untuk pemanenan air hujan. Selain itu, data cuaca dan pola curah hujan juga diambil dalam analisis ini. Selanjutnya, perhitungan kapasitas tangki penyimpanan air hujan akan dilakukan berdasarkan luas atap gedung dan pola curah hujan setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gedung Sunter Agung Commercial memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk memanen air hujan. Dengan menerapkan sistem pemanenan air hujan yang tepat, gedung ini dapat mengumpulkan dan menyimpan air hujan dalam jumlah yang signifikan selama musim hujan. Selanjutnya, air yang terkumpul dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti sanitasi, irigasi, dan sistem pemadam kebakaran di gedung
Aplikasi Takmilah dalam Puisi Al Amin
No full textKajian ini merupakan satu aplikasi Teori Takmilah ke atas Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin karya A. Samad Said. Kumpulan puisi ini telah diterbitkan oleh Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka pada tahun 1999 dan diulang cetak pada tahun 2001 dan 2002.
Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin berdasarkan 7 prinsip yang terdapat dalam Teori Takmilah. Bait-bait puisi disaring daripada kumpulan puisi berkenaan dan aspek-aspek serta prinsip-prinsip Takmilah yang paling dominan yang ditemui dinyatakan dalam kajian ini.
Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan bagi membuat analisis kajian. Pengkaji juga turut melayari internet untuk mendapatkan bahan yang berkaitan dengan kajian terutamanya mengenai Teori Takmilah
Berdasarkan penelitian dan analisis, didapati kesemua 7 prinsip Teori Takmilah ditemui dalam kumpulan puisi yang dikaji. 7 prinsip berkenaan iaitu ketuhanan yang bersifat Kamal, kerasulan sebagai insan Kamil, keislaman yang bersifat Akmal, ilmu dengan sastera yang bersifat Takamul, sastera sendiri yang berciri estetik dan bersifat Takmilah, pengkarya yang seharusnya mengistikmalkan diri dan khalayak bertujuan memupuk mereka ke arah insan Kamil. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, prinsip yang paling dominan ditemui dalam Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin ialah prinsip ke 2 iaitu prinsip kerasulan insan al Kamil, insan Rabbani dan insan Khalifah yang merujuk khusus kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Penemuan ketujuh-tujuh prinsip Teori Takmilah dalam kumpulan puisi yang dikaji membuktikan kumpulan puisi karya A Samad Said ini padat dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan dan pengajaran serta dapat dikategorikan dalam hasil karya sastera Islam yang boleh dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh khalayak sastera Melayu-Islam
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