643 research outputs found
PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD IQBAL DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN PAKISTAN(1930-1938)
Full text linkTahun 1947 di India secara resmi muncul sebuah negara yaitu Pakistan. Jika kita mau menelusuri sejarah terbentuknnya negara tersebut maka akan didapatkan bahwa umat Islam adalah pendiri dan penggagas terbentuknya negara tersebut, dalam artian yang mengkonsep, dan mencita-citakan terbentuknya negara adalah umat Islam. Terkait pembahasan mengenai konseptor, maka tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pembasan tentang tokoh, salah satu tokoh yang berperan besar terkait dengan terbentuknya negara Pakistan, yaitu Muhammad Iqbal yang dikenal sebagai salah satu bapak Pakistan. Muhammad Iqbal seorang penyair, filsuf, pengacara dikenal luas sebagai Bapak Sepiritual Pakistan. Pidatonya di Liga Muslim pada tahun 1930 telah membantu meluncurkan gerakan yang bertujuan untuk membagi Asia Selatan jajahan Inggris kedalam dua Negara, Pakistan-Muslim dan India-Hindu yang sama-sama berdaulat. Muhammad Iqbal dikenal sebagai tokoh pengerak modernisasi Islam di Asia Selatan. Muhammad Iqbal melakukan pembaharuan dalam bidang agama dan perjuangan kebangsaan, khususnya dalam hal penulisan dan pemikiran. Iqbal berjuang di All-India Muslim Leage di awal 1930an. Penulisan ini mengunakan metode historis, karena metode ini dianggap bertumpu pada empat langkah yaitu: heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), Kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Metode ini digunakan agar dalam mengeksplorasi persoalan yang ada dapat dianalisis dengan data-data yang mendekati dengan yang dimaksud dan hal ini di harapkan bisa menjadi objektif.
1947 in India officially emerged a country that is Pakistan. If we want to trace the history of the birth of the country. It will be found that the Muslims is the founder and initiator of the establishment of the country, in the sense that conceptualize, and aspire to the formation of the country is Muslim. Related to the discussion of the drafter, it can not be separated from the discussion of figures, one figure who played a major role associated with the birth of the state of Pakistan , Muhammad Iqbal , known as one of the fathers of Pakistan. Muhammad Iqbal was a poet, philosopher , lawyer widely recognized as the Father of Spiritual Pakistan. His speech at the Muslim League in 1930 has helped launch a movement that aims to divide the South Asian British colony into two countries, Pakistan-Muslim and India-Hindu equally sovereign. Muhammad Iqbal known as the man driving the modernization of Islam in South Asia. Muhammad Iqbal different from other Islamic reformers. Muhammad Iqbal reform in the field of religion and nationality struggle , especially in terms of writing and thinking. Iqbal fought in the All - India Muslim League in the early 1930s. This writing using the historical method , because the method is considered to be based on four steps: heuristics ( collection of sources ) , source criticism, interpretation and historiography. This method is used in order to explore the existing problems can be analyzed with the data that is approached with the question and it is expected to be objective
Enabling High-Speed Connectivity in Urban Environments Through Composite Base Stations and Dynamic Spectrum Scheduling
No full textHermeneutika Hadis Menurut Muhammad Iqbal: Kajian Teoretis dan Implikasinya pada Era Kontemporer
No full textThis study explores Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophical contribution to Hadith hermeneutics through his synthesis of tradition and modernity. Iqbal views the Hadith as a living tradition that engages with human reason and social transformation rather than a static legal text. His thought emphasizes the unity of sanad and matn, the dynamic principle of ijtihad, and the balance between spiritual authenticity and contextual relevance. Drawing on "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", this research proposes an Iqbal-inspired hermeneutical model comprising four stages: normative–dynamic reading, historical–sociological contextualization, sanad–matn synthesis, and contextual ijtihad application. The framework reorients Hadith studies toward a dialogical and transformative approach that integrates fidelity to revelation with responsiveness to modern intellectual challenges, positioning Iqbal’s hermeneutics as both a theoretical paradigm and a practical guide for revitalizing prophetic teachings in contemporary Muslim life.Penelitian ini mengkaji kontribusi filosofis Muhammad Iqbal terhadap hermeneutika hadis melalui sintesis antara tradisi dan modernitas. Iqbal memandang hadis sebagai tradisi yang hidup, bukan teks hukum yang statis, melainkan wahana dialog antara akal manusia dan dinamika sosial. Pemikirannya menekankan kesatuan sanad dan matan, prinsip dinamis ijtihad, serta keseimbangan antara keaslian spiritual dan relevansi kontekstual. Berdasarkan gagasan dalam "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", penelitian ini merumuskan model hermeneutika berinspirasi Iqbal yang mencakup empat tahap: pembacaan normatif-dinamis, kontekstualisasi historis-sosiologis, sintesis sanad-matan, dan penerapan ijtihad kontekstual. Kerangka ini mengarahkan studi hadis menuju pendekatan dialogis dan transformatif yang memadukan kesetiaan terhadap wahyu dengan respons terhadap tantangan intelektual modern. Hermeneutika Iqbal dengan demikian berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai paradigma teoretis, tetapi juga sebagai orientasi praktis bagi revitalisasi ajaran kenabian dalam kehidupan Muslim kontemporer
A critical analysis of Mudarabah & a new approach to equity financing in Islamic finance
Full text linkFinancial intermediation serves a valuable purpose, but it can also be structured using equity modes of financing. This can relieve the financee and increase diversity of entrepreneurial undertakings as in debt based commercial financing, there is little room for diversity with obligatory and stipulated servicing of debt. Using Islamic equity modes of financing poses the challenge of the agency problem and moral hazard. The extent of this agency problem in Mudarabah and its impact on economic payoffs between counterparties is analyzed in this study with a simulation model. Based on review of alternate solutions proposed, the author presents two possible covenants which could make Mudarabah mode of financing more acceptable and widely usable in financial intermediation. This would also further the egalitarian objectives of an Islamic economic order.Interest free economy, Islamic Economic System, Mudarabah, Agency Problem, Moral Hazard, Adverse Selection
Applications of Karry-Kalim-Adnan Transformation (KKAT) to Mechanics and Electrical Circuits
No full textIn this paper, we have used the new integral transformation known as Karry-Kalim-Adnan transformation (KKAT) to solve the ordinary linear differential equations as well as partial differential equations. We have used KKAT to solve the problems of engineering and sciences specially electrical and mechanical problems. Also, we have established the comparison between KKAT and existing transformations. We have determined the KKAT of error functions and complementary error function. The fundamental purpose of this research paper is to transform the given problem into the easier form to get its solution
Enhancing Industrial 4.0 Connectivity: A D2D-Based Algorithm for Blind Spot Mitigation in 5G Future Networks Enabled Smart Industry
No full textThe Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced and emerging technologies such as Fifth Generation (5G) and Next-Generation Networks & beyond, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet-of- Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Robotics, Automation, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and many others. Despite the widespread adoption of 5G, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, and other wireless technologies in the industry, there are still areas with limited or no coverage, commonly known as blind spots or coverage holes. The Device-to-Device (D2D) communication enables direct communication without a central entity, known as a coordinator or base station. By leveraging D2D communication, IoT nodes can serve as relays to deal with blind spots. In this research, we propose a novel D2D communication-based algorithm to cope with the challenge of blind spots in IoT -based smart industries. The algorithm focuses on nodes situated in blind spots by establishing connections to the network through nearby IoT nodes that function as relays. We demonstrate through simulations that our approach can effectively remove blind spots, improve coverage, increase throughput, and enhance overall system efficiency
Communication and position-aware reconfigurable route optimization in large-scale mobile sensor networks
No full text2019 Mw 5.9 Mirpur, Pakistan Earthquake: Insights from Integrating Geodetic, Seismic, and Field Observations
Full text linkOn 24 September 2019, an Mw 5.9 earthquake struck near the Mangla reservoir in northeastern Pakistan and resulted in 39 fatalities and 746 serious injuries, making it the deadliest earthquake in the region since the 2005 Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake. Here, we integrate geodetic, seismic, and field observations to characterize the source properties and impact of the Mirpur earthquake as well as investigate whether it might be a reservoir‐induced event. From inverting Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data, we find that a fault with strike ∼310°, dip ∼6°, and rake ∼117° is the optimal source, with slip concentrated between 5 and 6 km depth. This is consistent with our relocated aftershocks depth distribution and the lack of surface rupture observed in the field. Therefore, we infer that the earthquake ruptured the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The event’s shallow depth might explain the extensive damage caused despite its moderate magnitude, with a maximum shaking intensity of VIII based on our field survey. The survey also revealed extensive damages associated with earthquake‐induced liquefaction. Our modeling shows that loading due to increased reservoir water level in the three months before the Mirpur earthquake led to Coulomb stress increase of ∼7–10 kPa on the rupture plane. However, this effect is ∼10 times smaller than the Coulomb stress increase due to the 2006 Mangla earthquake, and the Mirpur earthquake only occurred ∼1–2 weeks after peak water level. These suggest that pore pressure diffusion contributed to promoting the fault rupture at a time when it is close to failure due to accumulated stress from inter‐seismic loading. Because the Mirpur earthquake resulted in a stress increase of >0.2 MPa on the surrounding sections of the MHT and nearby faults, future rupture of these faults is a significant hazard and proper management of reservoir operations is necessary to prevent further elevating the seismic risk
Enhancing spectrum sensing efficiency in multi-channel cognitive device-to-device networks: Medium Access Control layer strategies and analysis
Full text linkThe detection and characterisation of electromagnetic signals within a specific frequency range, known as spectrum sensing, plays a crucial role in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The CRNs aim to adapt their communication parameters to the surrounding radio environment, thereby improving the efficiency and utilisation of the available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is particularly important in device-to-device (D2D) communication when operating independently of the cellular network infrastructure. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates device communication and ensures interference-free operation of the CRN coexisting with the primary cellular network. A spectrum sensing strategy at the MAC layer for cognitive D2D communication. The strategy focuses on reducing the overall sensing period allocated at the MAC layer by having each Cognitive D2D User (cD2DU) sense a smaller subset of available channels while maintaining the same sensing time for cellular user detection at the physical layer. To achieve this, the concept of concurrent groups of D2D devices is introduced in proximity, which are formed by using unique IDs of cD2DUs during the device discovery stage. Each concurrent group senses a specific portion of the cellular user band in a shorter time, resulting in a reduced overall sensing period. In addition to mitigating traffic congestion through data diversion from the cellular network, the proposed strategy facilitates the concurrent sensing of multiple channels by cD2DUs within the underutilised cellular user band. This leads to extended data transmission periods, increased network throughput, and effective offloading of the cellular network. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated by considering factors, such as network throughput and transmission time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach in improving spectrum utilisation and communication efficiency in multi-channel Cognitive D2D Networks (cD2DNs)
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