28 research outputs found
The Potential of Hydroponic Kit-Based Growing on a Self-Fertigation System for Pagoda Mustard (Brassica narinosa L) Production
No full textAgricultural land has been converted into settlements following the population growth in various parts of the country. The productivity of horticulture, particularly pagoda mustard (Brassica narinosa L), decreases with the narrowing of fields. The main milestone as a promising solution to overcoming this issue is applying the hydroponic technique. This study aims to analyze the potential of hydroponic kit-based growing on a self-fertigation system for pagoda mustard production. In contrast to general hydroponic, the proposed hydroponic kit is supported by a smart valve component as a unique novelty used for the automatic distribution of nutrients without electrical power (zero energy). The mustard seeds were sown on rockwool for two to three days in a dark room and placed in the sun for seventeen days. A total of 50 pagoda mustard seeds were arranged evenly on a self-fertigation system tray following a zig-zag planting pattern for forty days. The seed has the following morphological characteristics: average height of 22.88 cm, biomass width of 26.42 cm, root length of 23.4 cm, and weight of 241.5 g. Furthermore, the production requires a total fertigation consumption of 186 L (equal to 0.0935 L/plant day−1) with an actual crop coefficient between 0.01 and 0.54. The proposed system shows good performance for mustard growth with a uniformity value between 80 and 89%. Finally, hydroponic kit-based growing on a self-fertigation system can be applied in various areas to produce and maintain a sustainable food supply
The Modified Hydroponic Kit Based on Self-Fertigation System Designed for Remote Areas
No full textHydroponics has great potential to improve the sustainability of food supplies in various regions presently and in the future. However, studies on proposed hydroponic technology specifically for remote areas are still very limited, with the majority focusing on urban areas. Limited resources, such as electricity supply, are the main obstacles to implementing hydroponics in remote areas. Therefore, this study proposes a breakthrough in hydroponic technology based on a self-fertigation system that can work without electricity for effective and efficient plant growth. This study employs a descriptive quantitative methodology. The proposed hydroponic technology was applied to spinach (Amaranthus dubius) with green and red varieties, from January to April 2021 during the wet season in the tropical climate of Indonesia. Spinach seeds were sown and placed at the nursery for 10 days in net pots containing rockwool of 25 mm of cubes growth media, and then transferred to a hydroponic kit until harvesting. Based on the analysis, microclimate conditions had a safe range and were consistent with plant growth standards. The modified hydroponic kit provided good fertigation quality including temperature, electrical conductivity, potential hydrogen and dissolved oxygen for spinach plants. The total fertigation consumption amounted to 46.64 L during the 20 days of planting (equal to 0.012 L/plant day−1) with low evapotranspiration (0.89 mm/day). In addition, green spinach had higher productivity of 1.34 kg/m2 than red at 0.71 kg/m2. The nutritional analysis results also showed that green spinach is superior for calcium, iron, phosphor, and vitamin C, while red is superior for potassium and magnesium. The hydroponic kit was used successfully to cultivate spinach plants with good morphological and nutritional qualities. This type of technology has a bright outlook for the near future and must be continuously developed
Pengaruh Proses Pembekuan Daging Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Produk Kelapa Parut Kering
No full textKelapa merupakan tanaman yang dikenal sebagai “pohon kehidupan” karena manfaatnya yang luas. Salah satu produk yang dapat dihasilkan dari daging kelapa tua adalah kelapa parut kering. Tujuan dari penelitian kali ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari proses pembekuan daging kelapa tua terhadap karakteristik fisik kelapa parut kering berupa kadar air, rendemen, derajat putih, dan total color difference (ΔE). Metode penelitian kali ini adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan Analysis of Variants (ANOVA). Variasi yang digunakan dari penelitian kali ini adalah daging kelapa tua segar dan hasil pembekuan dengan kondisi pengeringan yang digunakan adalah 50 °C selama 2 jam, 60 °C selama 3 jam, dan 70 °C selama 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelapa parut kering terbaik dihasilkan dari perlakuan kelapa parut segar dengan kondisi pengeringan P3 dengan nilai kadar air, rendemen, derajat putih, dan ΔE sebesar 1.57, 37.06, 86.38, dan 1.57% secara berurutan
Karakteristik Emisi Akustik untuk Mendeteksi Rayap Tanah pada Kayu
No full textAbstractVarious methods for detecting termites in the wood have been developed, one of those was based on acoustic emission. Eventhough, that method was difficult to distinguish the signal generated by termites or interference noise from the environment. It could be solved through a combination of acoustic emission and behavior of termites. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to analyze the acoustic signal and the moisture content to classify infested and uninfested wood by termites. The wood used in this study were made from Pinus logs, in air dried condition, which measure of 20(l) x 9.5(w) x 2.5(h) cm. Five wood were infested by 220 of C. curvignathus (‘infested wood’), the others were in sound condition (‘uninfested wood’). The acoustic signal was analyzed by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to transform from the time domain into the frequency domain. The results showed that moisture content of infested wood (11.94±0.792%) was higher than uninfested board (10.82±0.525%). Whereas the results of the acoustic signal indicated that the value of zero moment power of infested wood as well as uninfested wood, i.e., 13.405±3.019 and 9.573±2.188 respectively. Finally, the parameters which able to classify infested and uninfested wood by termites significantly were moisture content and the zero moment power.AbstrakBerbagai metode untuk mendeteksi rayap di dalam kayu telah dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah berbasis emisi akustik. Namun, metode tersebut kesulitan untuk membedakan sinyal yang diakibatkan oleh rayap atau pengaruh gangguan dari lingkungan. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan mengkombinasikan emisi akustik dengan perilaku rayap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sinyal emisi akustik dan kadar air untuk mengklasifikasikan kayu yang terserang oleh rayap dan tidak terserang oleh rayap. Kayu yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dibuat dari kayu pinus, pada kondisi kering dengan ukuran 20 (p) x 9.5 (l) x 2.5 (t) cm. Lima kayu terserang sebanyak 220 rayap C. Curvignathus (‘kayu terserang’), kayu lain dalam keadaan baik (‘kayu normal’). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar air dari kayu terserang oleh rayap (11.94±0.792%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kayu normal (10.82±0.525%). Sedangkan hasil dari sinyal akustik menunjukkan bahwa nilai zero moment power pada kayu terserang oleh rayap dan kayu normal secara berurutan adalah 13.405±3.019 dan 9.573±2.188. Selanjutnya, parameter yang mampu untuk mengklasifikasikan kayu yang terserang oleh rayap dan kayu normal secara signifikan adalah parameter kadar air dan zero moment powe
Ergonomic Analysis of Small-Scale Palm Sugar Starch Processing Industry in Rancakalong Village, Sumedang Regency
No full textRancakalong village, Sumedang Regency, has been known for its small-scale palm sugar starch processing industry since 2013. This industry produces starch from palm trees, which is crucial for food and beverages. Generally, the processes involved in processing palm sugar starch include (i) splitting of the palm, (ii) grating, (iii) coarse fiber screening, (iv) fine fiber screening, (v) harvesting, and (vi) drying. Initial evaluations indicated that the workers experienced physical discomfort during their work. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the ergonomic aspects of processing palm sugar starch, including the working posture, standard time, workload, noise, and vibration. Based on the analysis, the risk level for each work element in processing palm sugar starch fell into the high-risk (score 8-10) and very high-risk (score 11-15) categories. These risks cause discomfort due to inappropriate work posture and duration, necessitating significant changes. The standard time required for each work element was as follows: 212.88±28.43 seconds/kg (palm splitting), 363.45±12.90 seconds/kg (grating), 95.08±9.74 seconds/kg (coarse fiber screening), 192.05±21.27 seconds/kg (fine fiber screening), 35.57±5.78 seconds/kg (harvesting), and 1821.01±41.09 seconds/kg (drying). Regarding workload analysis, processing palm sugar starch activities fell into the moderate category with total energy cost (TEC) values ranging from 92.66±1.50 265.55±3.88 kcal/hour. Regarding noise and vibration analysis, the grating work element was identified as the station with the highest exposure, i.e., 96.00±0.82 dB and 1.6±0.05 m/s2, respectively. The results of this study could be used as a basis for developing more efficient work procedures, maintaining health, and improving safety in the processing of palm sugar starch.Palm starch processing is a process to produce starch from sugar palm plants, which is used as a raw material in the food and beverage industry. In general, palm starch processing activities include (i) splitting, (ii) grating, (iii) filtering coarse fiber, (iv) filtering fine fiber, (v) harvesting, and (vi) drying. Initial evaluations indicated that workers experienced physical discomfort during work. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the ergonomic aspects of palm starch processing activities, including work posture, standard time, workload, noise and vibration. Based on the analysis, the level of risk in each work element in palm starch processing includes high risk (score 8-10) and very high (score 11-15). This risk causes discomfort because work attitudes and duration do not follow standards, so changes are needed. The standard time required for each work element is as follows: 212.88 s (splitting), 363.45 s (grating), 95.08 s (filtering coarse fiber), 192.05 s (filtering fine fiber), 35 .57 seconds (harvesting), and 1821.01 s (drying). Regarding workload analysis, the Total Energy Cost (TEC) value as the level of exhaustion for sugar palm starch processing activities ranges from 92.66 kcal/hour to 265.55 kcal/hour. Regarding noise and vibration analysis, the grating workstation was identified as the station with the highest exposure values, i.e., 96 dB and 1.6 m/s2. The results of this research can be used as a basis for developing more efficient work procedures, maintaining health and increasing safety in palm starch processing activities
Discriminant Analysis as a Tool for Detecting the Acoustic Signals of Termites Coptotermes Curvignathus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
No full textVarious methods for termite detection have been developed, one of them is purely based on the acoustic signal. However, that method still has a weakness, wherein it is difficult to separate the signal generated by the termite or the noise from the environment. The combination of the feature extraction at the acoustic signal and the classification model is expected to overcome the weakness. In this investigation, we inserted 220 subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus into pine wood for feeding activity and observed its acoustic signal. In addition, three acoustic features (i.e., short-term energy, entropy and zero moment power) were proposed to recognize the termite's acoustic signal. Subsequently, these features will be analyzed and combined with discriminant analysis to produce the robust classification model. According to the numerical results, the integrated discriminant analysis and the acoustic feature in our termite detection system has an 83.75% accuracy
The Implementation of Yogurt-Making Machine in Dairy Product to Support Self-Reliance of Residents in Batujajar Transit Apartment, Bandung
No full textThis community service proposes the application of a yogurt-making machine for dairy products as a strategy to support residents\u27 self-reliance at the Batujajar Transit Apartment in Bandung. Through modern technology in the milk production process, this community service aims to increase the added value of local dairy products and encourage the active participation of residents in production activities. Community service methods involve surveys, interviews, and direct observations of apartment residents. The number of participants in this training was 20, dominated by housewives, with 62% being aged 20‒25. Based on the analysis, 69.5% of the participants positively assessed this community service activity, including aspects of learning materials, speakers, facilities, satisfaction, and expectations. This implementation also opens up new opportunities for local and regional marketing, increases product competitiveness, and creates an environment that supports economic independence of the farmers. In conclusion, applying a yogurt-making machine for dairy products at the Batujajar Transit Apartment in Bandung is an innovative step toward increasing the economic independence of residents. This community service contributes to developing local products, residents\u27 self-reliance, community empowerment, and regional economic growth.This community service proposes the application of a yogurt-making machine for dairy products as a strategy to support residents\u27 self-reliance at the Batujajar Transit Apartment in Bandung. Through modern technology in the milk production process, this community service aims to increase the added value of local dairy products and encourage the active participation of residents in production activities. Community service methods involve surveys, interviews, and direct observations of apartment residents. The number of participants in this training was 20, dominated by housewives, with 62% being aged 20‒25. Based on the analysis, 69.5% of the participants positively assessed this community service activity, including aspects of learning materials, speakers, facilities, satisfaction, and expectations. This implementation also opens up new opportunities for local and regional marketing, increases product competitiveness, and creates an environment that supports economic independence of the farmers. In conclusion, applying a yogurt-making machine for dairy products at the Batujajar Transit Apartment in Bandung is an innovative step toward increasing the economic independence of residents. This community service contributes to developing local products, residents\u27 self-reliance, community empowerment, and regional economic growth
A Comparison Study of Kernel Functions in the Support Vector Machine and Its Application for Termite Detection
No full textTermites are the most destructive pests and their attacks significantly impact the quality of wooden buildings. Due to their cryptic behavior, it is rarely apparent from visual observation that a termite infestation is active and that wood damage is occurring. Based on the phenomenon of acoustic signals generated by termites when attacking wood, we proposed a practical framework to detect termites nondestructively, i.e., by using the acoustic signals extraction. This method has the pros to maintain the quality of wood products and prevent higher termite attacks. In this work, we inserted 220 subterranean termites into a pine wood for feeding activity and monitored its acoustic signal. The two acoustic features (i.e., energy and entropy) derived from the time domain were used for this study’s analysis. Furthermore, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with different kernel functions (i.e., linear, radial basis function, sigmoid and polynomial) were employed to recognize the termites’ acoustic signal. In addition, the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was also adopted to analyze and improve the performance results. Based on the numerical analysis, the SVM with polynomial kernel function achieves the best classification accuracy of 0.9188
Acoustic and temperature signals generated by subterranean termite infestation: its characteristics and implementations
No full textThe innovation in the proposed termite detection system can detect and predict the population non-destructively based on acoustic and temperature signals. This study aims to identify the characteristics of acoustic and temperature signals of subterranean termite infestation. Various termite populations were inserted into the pine board for 21 days as a feeding test, then infestation was monitored through the continuous acoustic-temperature signals response after 24 h. Based on the signal analysis, the peak of daily termite activity can be found in the afternoon, while the evening until early morning contained significantly less activity. This fluctuation was significantly associated with ambient temperature, the higher the temperature, the greater the activity. Furthermore, the signal analysis revealed that the higher the termite population, the warmer the board temperature with an average of 0.101°C. Based on the results, extensive knowledge is essential to effectively develop the signal processing package in the termite detection system
