17 research outputs found
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) Akibat Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Jumlah Benih per Lubang Tanam
No full textABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jarak tanam dan jumlah benih per lubang yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun serta untuk mengetahui interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh dari bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu jarak tanam (20 cm x 60 cm, 30 cm x 60 cm dan 40 cm x 60 cm) dan jumlah benih per lubang (1, 2,dan 3 benih per lubang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap berat buah per tanaman, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang buah. Buah per tanaman terberat dan terpanjang diperoleh pada jarak tanam 40 cm x 60 cm. Jumlah benih per lubang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap diameter buah dan berat buah per tanaman, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang batang utama umur 15 HST dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Diameter buah terbesar dan buah per tanaman terberat dijumpai pada penggunaan 1 benih per lubang, sedangkan jumlah buah per tanaman terbanyak diperoleh pada penggunaan 3 benih per lubang. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara jarak tanam dan jumlah benih per lubang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun.Plant Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Response to Different Spacing and Seed Numbers per HoleABSTRACT. The study was aimed at determining the right spacing and seed numbers per hole on growth and yield of cucumber plants and investigating interactions between the two factors. The study was conducted at the Experiment Station of Agriculture Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh from October to December 2009. Experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) 3 x 3 with three replications. Factors studied were plant spacing (20 cm x 60 cm, 30 cm x60 cm, and 40 cm x 60 cm) and seed numbers per hole (1, 2, and 3 seeds per hole). Results showed that plant spacing exerted a highly significant effect on fruit weight per plant and a significant effect on fruit length. The best fruit weight and length were obtained at a spacing of 40 cm x 60 cm. Seed numbers exerted highly significant effects on fruit diameter and fruit weight per plant and significant effects on main stem length at age 15 days after planting and fruit numbers per plant. The best fruit diameter and fruit weight per plant were found at 1 seed per hole, while the best fruit numbers per plant was obtained at 3 seeds per hole. There was no significant interaction between plant spacing and seed numbers per hole on growth and yield of cucumber
Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic tepal extract of Musa paradisiaca studied in STZ-induced diabetic mice
No full textThe use of medicinal plants as source of remedies for the treatment of many diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition. I the present study, methanolic tepal extract (MTE) of Musa paradisiaca was evaluated for phytochemical screening, andin vivo antidiabetic therapeutic efficacy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were administered 500 mg/kg per day of MTE orally for one month. The mice were sacrificed and blood collected for key biochemical parameters such as, blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin and glycosylated hemaoglin (HbA 1c), creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, lipid profile, aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase. The histopathological studies of pancreas, liver and kidney was also performed. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins and alkaloids. Elevated blood glucose, HbA1c creatinine, urea and uric acid and decreased level s of plasma insulin and hemoglobin were significantly (p<0.05) reverted back to near normal in STZ-induced diabetic mice after oral administration of MTE. Plasma protein, lipid profile, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were also significantly normalized (p<0.05) after the treatment. Histopathological analysis indicated tissue damages in the diabetic untreated mice. MTE treated groups shows the tissue protection (of pancreas and liver) against peroxidation damage, thus signifying tissue integrity maintenance of MTE. It can be inferred that thein vivo antidiabetic therapeutic efficacy of tepals of Musa paradisiaca may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids etc
CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SYRINGIN, A NOVEL BIOGLYCOSIDE: A REVIEW
No full textSyringin, a phenylpropanoid glycoside belongs to eleutheroside derivative. This bioactive compound was identified in several plants including Musaparadisiaca, Jasminum mesnyi, Edgeworthia chrysantha, Acanthopanax senticosus, etc. According to Nair et al., syringin is synthesized from the precursorphenylalanine by a series of reactions. Zhao has described a rapid extraction method based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of syringin fromthe bark of Ilex rotunda thumb using response surface methodology. Based on the findings made by Jizhong et al., the bioactive compound syringinwas separated from the n-butanol extract of the stems and barks of E. chrysantha Lindl by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Accordingto Choi et al., the enrichment and purification of syringin from A. senticosus was performed based on the adsorption and desorption properties ofcommercial macroporous resins. The pharmacological properties of syringin includes scavenging the free radicals, protection against neuronal celldamage, inhibition of apoptosis, anti-diabetic effect, anti-inflammatory potential, anti-nociceptive action, anti-allergic effect, etc.Keywords: Phenylpropanoid glycoside, Eleutheroside, Apoptosis, Nociceptive
In-vitro α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential of extracts from musa paradisiaca
No full textRecently, there has been increased interest in the development of alternative medicines for type II Diabetes mellitus, notably the screening of phytochemicals with ability to delay or even prevent completely the absorption of glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the invitro inhibitory effect of Musa Paradisiaca flesh, skin and tepal extracts on the key enzyme linked to diabetes i.e α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20). The inhibitory effect of these extracts on α-glucosidase activities was performed. The results revealed that methanolic extract of M. Paradisiaca tepal was the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (with IC50 60±0.14 µg/ml), followed by the ethanolic tepal extract( with IC50 200±0.19) and then the aqeous tepal (with IC50 360±0.62) respectively . No inhibition was observed in the skin, flesh methanolic extracts and ofcourse acarbose under our assay condition. It can be inferred from this study that the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of M. Paradisiaca may be due to the presence of phytochemicals such as glycosides and flavonoids. However, further study is required to isolate the enzyme inhibitory component of this plant
EKSISTENSI HUKUMAN MATI DALAM DUNIA INTERNASIONAL
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the existence of the death penalty in international world today which increasingly strengthens the values of human rights as the standard norm in order to maintain and run the activities of international relations each other. It is inevitable that human rights as one of the pillars of the three pillars in the Charter of the United Nations (UN) have had a major impact so significantly on the development of the international world. However, whether the death penalty policy in the countries of the world is also affected by these rights, or in other words whether the death penalty as a legal activity that has been carried out for centuries in nearly all countries in the world will be abandoned along with the more-powerful principle of human rights. In fact, the death penalty is still the policy of the majority of the international community. This indicates that the rights have not fully given effects though it has become the norm of international standard. So what effect has been given by the rights, primarily against the death penalty? It is inevitable that rights recently have become one of the tools to remove the death penalty. Using human rights issues to influence policy makers is a norm that now emerges in international society. Until now, the issues of the death penalty as a form of human rights violations have reached norm cascade and have made several countries abolish the death penalty from its legal policy. Although not all countries do the removal but the direction of removal from year to year has increased significantly. From this, The author concludes that the influence of human rights today merely urged countries to abolish the death penalty and has not reached the stage of a harder (forced) to abandon this sentence. This is caused by three interrelated things, ie: 1) the constitution or supreme legislation and the form of government adopted by a country, 2) the social, political and international law affecting the pattern of thinking and social relations in society, and 3) the relevance of the old values in the development of times which is much more advanced.
Key words : Death Penalty, Human Rights
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PURE SYRINGIN IN COMPARISON TO VARIOUS SOLVENTS EXTRACTS OF MUSA PARADISIACA (BANANA) (FRUIT AND FLOWER) AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS
No full textObjective: The study concentrated on exploring the radical scavenging activity of various banana extracts in comparison to pure syringin and the total phenolic contents of the extracts.Methods: The banana parts were prepared and extracted by cold extraction technique and the extracts obtained were used to carry out some phytochemical screening by Trease and Evans method. The ability of the extract to scavenge free radicals was measured using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pcrylhydrazyl radical using quercetin as a reference radical scavenger by the method of Gyamfi. Further analysis of total phenolic contents present in the extracts was carried out using Singleton and Rossi method.Results: Tepal methanol extract was found to have the highest radical scavenging activity compared to others, such as tepal ethanol, tepal aqueous, skin methanol, flesh methanol and pure syringin. The IC50 value of the tepal methanol extract was found to be 22.5 µg/ml. The highest total phenolic contents (expressed as microgram of Gallic acid equivalent per gram of the extracts) were found in tepal methanol extract (8000 µg/g) and the least in Flesh methanol extract (2150 µg/g).Conclusion: The results generated from this study showed that tepal banana extracts possess very good radical scavenging activity and as well the largest amount of phenolic contents, which could introduce phenols as the main radical scavenger in banana extracts and offering effective protection from free radicals, and the antioxidant activity of pure syringin was not obvious may be due to the presence of highly anti oxidative compounds present in banana, phenolics and flavonoids.Â
SOME NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR SECONDARY METABOLITES ATTRIBUTED TOWARDS DIABETIC CURE: A REVIEW
No full textDiabetes is one of the major health and development challenges of the 21st century. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there are currently more than 371 million people living with diabetes and another 28 million are at risk of developing the disease. Aside from conventional allopathic medicines, traditional/alternative therapy plays a substantial part in treating diabetes mellitus. In the final few decades eco-friendly, bio-friendly, cost effective and relatively safe plant-based medicines have gone from the periphery to the mainstream with the increased research in the area of traditional medication. Plant-based medications are preferable as mainly non-toxic, having typically fewer side effects, better compatibility with physiological flora, and availability at low-costs. However, secondary metabolites isolated from these plants (Diosmin, Tangeritin, Lycopene, Syringin etc., ) possess this antidiabetic property. The power of the herb/active compound to enhance glucose utilization and lower plasma glucose level in rats suffering from insulin deficiency suggests that these plant extracts/phytochemicals may be useful in the discussion of human diabetes.Â
Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degrading Bacteria from Petrochemical Contaminated Soil
No full textBecause of their ubiquitous nature, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely dispersed in the environment as a result of both natural and human processes. One of the ways to deal with the harmful effects of these chemicals is through the use of microorganisms capable of degrading the pollutants. A petrochemical contaminated site was searched for these microbes. Eleven bacterial strains were obtained in this work using the culture enrichment technique on Bushnell Hass medium supplemented with (naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene) as the only source of energy. Enumeration utilizing the spread-plate technique and liquid media were used to examine the PAH breakdown capacities of bacterial strains. The isolates were identified using standard methods of morphological and biochemical identifications. Furthermore, 16sRNA was utilized in order to classify the isolates at molecular level. The presence of PAHs degrading genes was also analysed in the isolates. Four isolates (G1, G2, G5, and G6) out of a total of eleven were able to tolerate and degrade the test PAH's up to 600 mg/l in liquid media. Isolate G1 showed the highest growth during screening followed by G6 while there were no differences between the other two isolates as demonstrated by an increase in their optical densities after 120 hours of incubation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Stenetrophomonas sp, Pseudomonas lactis, and Achromobacterxylosoxidans with the accession numbers OM039162, OM52851, OM52852, and OM52853 respectively. Fragments of 350 bp, 350 bp, and 867 bp for ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD), hydratase-aldolase, and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase were obtained from partial PCR amplification of catabolic genes, demonstrating the presence of a PAH degradation pathway in the organisms. These isolates have great potential for application in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated sites
Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: Superbugs are pathogenic microorganism and especially a bacterium that has developed resistance to the medications normally used against it. As the superbug family increases, the need for appropriate diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control strategies cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this work determined the distribution of superbug bacteria among patients on prolonged hospital admissions in three tertiary hospitals of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken among 401 patients from medical, surgery, orthopedic and burn Centre wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Kano state. A sample collected comprises wound/pus, urine, urine catheter and nasal intubation and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for Acinetobacter spp and other related nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: One hundred and thirty eight (138) isolates were recovered, from the studied participants. More than 80% of the nosocomial infections (Nis) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebseilla spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomona spp, and Acinetobacter spp. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that Acinetobacter were 100% resistant to Amoxicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Perfloxacin and Imipenem. Conclusion: The results of this study reported higher antibiotic resistant among Acinetobacter spp isolated from three studied hospitals. The healthcare manage of the these hospitals and ministry health need to take measures against this resistant bacteria (Acinetobacter spp) especially on prescribing antibiotics that showed 100% resistant from these studied hospitals.Kabale Universit
Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: superbugs are pathogenic micro-organism and especially a bacterium that has developed resistance to the medications normally used against it. As the superbug family increases, the need for appropriate diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control strategies cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this work determined the distribution of superbug bacteria among patients on prolonged hospital admissions in three tertiary hospitals of Kano state, Nigeria.
Methods: a descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken among 401 patients from medical, surgery, orthopedic and burn Centre wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Kano state. A sample collected comprises wound/pus, urine, urine catheter and nasal intubation and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for Acinetobacter spp and other related nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: one hundred and thirty eight (138) isolates were recovered, from the studied participants. More than 80% of the nosocomial infections (Nis) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebseilla spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomona spp and Acinetobacter spp. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that acinetobacter were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, perfloxacin and imipenem.
Conclusion: the results of this study reported higher antibiotic resistant among Acinetobacter spp isolated from three studied hospitals. The healthcare managers of these hospitals and ministry health need to take measures against this resistant bacteria (Acinetobacter spp) especially on prescribing antibiotics that showed 100% resistant from these studied hospitals
