6 research outputs found
Manufacturing of Aluminum Composite Material Using Stir Casting Process
No full textManufacturing of aluminum alloy based casting composite materials via stir casting is
one of the prominent and economical route for development and processing of metal
matrix composites materials. Properties of these materials depend upon many
processing parameters and selection of matrix and reinforcements. Literature reveals
that most of the researchers are using 2, 6 and 7xxx aluminum matrix reinforced with
SiC particles for high strength properties whereas, insufficient information is available
on reinforcement of \"Al2O3\" particles in 7xxx aluminum matrix. The 7xxx series
aluminum matrix usually contains Cu-Zn-Mg. Therefore, the present research was
conducted to investigate the effect of elemental metal such as Cu-Zn-Mg in aluminum
matrix on mechanical properties of stir casting of aluminum composite materials
reinforced with alpha \"Al2O3\" particles using simple foundry melting alloying and
casting route.
The age hardening treatments were also applied to study the aging response of the
aluminum matrix on strength, ductility and hardness. The experimental results indicate
that aluminum matrix cast composite can be manufactured via conventional foundry
method giving very good responses to the strength and ductility up to 10% \"Al2O3\"
particles reinforced in aluminum matrix
Modeling Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composite Produced Using Stir Casting Method
No full textANN (Artificial Neural Networks) modeling methodology was adopted for predicting
mechanical properties of aluminum cast composite materials. For this purpose
aluminum alloy were developed using conventional foundry method.
The composite materials have complex nature which posses the nonlinear relationship
among heat treatment, processing parameters, and composition and affects their
mechanical properties. These nonlinear relation ships with properties can more
efficiently be modeled by ANNs. Neural networks modeling needs sufficient data base
consisting of mechanical properties, chemical composition and processing parameters.
Such data base is not available for modeling.
Therefore, a large range of experimental work was carried out for the development of
aluminum composite materials. Alloys containing Cu, Mg and Zn as matrix were
reinforced with 1- 15% Al2O3 particles using stir casting method. Alloys composites
were cast in a metal mold. More than eighty standard samples were prepared for
tensile tests. Sixty samples were given solution treatments at 580oC for half an hour
and tempered at 120oC for 24 hours.
The samples were characterized to investigate mechanical properties using Scanning
Electron Microscope, X-Ray Spectrometer, Optical Metallurgical Microscope, Vickers
Hardness, Universal Testing Machine and Abrasive Wear Testing Machine.
A MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) feedforward was developed and used for modeling
purpose. Training, testing and validation of the model were carried out using back
propagation learning algorithm.
The modeling results show that an architecture of 14 inputs with 9 hidden neurons and
4 outputs which includes the tensile strength, elongation, hardness and abrasive wear
resistance gives reasonably accurate results with an error within the range of 2-7 %
in training, testing and validation
Fixed-time artificial insemination technology in buffaloes: a review
No full textBuffalo occupies a leading position as a major livestock commodity and is the primary milk-producing animal in many countries like Italy, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Buffalo farming emphasizes the significance of effective reproductive strategies. Among effective reproductive strategy, artificial insemination has a significant influence on herd's genetic progress. Nonetheless, buffaloes exhibit unique reproductive behavior, which complicates the insemination process. These animals demonstrate inconsistent periods (ranging from 6–48 h) of mounting acceptance. Therefore, timed artificial insemination (TAI) has surfaced as a useful technique for advancing buffalo breeding initiatives and omits the need for heat detection. TAI enhances reproductive management and genetic progress in buffaloes by synchronizing estrus and optimizing insemination timing. This review focuses on examining buffalo reproductive physiology, particularly emphasizing estrus synchronization protocols, ovulation, and TAI. We also provide a brief description of the factors influencing TAI success, such as hormonal treatments and environmental conditions. This review underscores TAI's importance identifies areas for further research and development and reinforces its central role in sustainable buffalo farming
Assessing knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing for hereditary disorders in companion animals among pet owners in Klang Valley
No full textTo identify hereditary disorders in animals, it is necessary for them to go through genetic testing. When there is low awareness of the importance of genetic testing among pet owners, this will cause an increase in the incidence of hereditary disorders in their pets. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of genetic testing in companion animals among local pet owners in Klang Valley, Malaysia and the potential variables that influence the pet owners ‘understanding of animal genetic testing. To achieve our objectives, an online survey was conducted targeting residents of different districts of Klang Valley with a total of 120 respondents gathered within 2 weeks period. Data collected was analysed for a descriptive statistic using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. This questionnaire assessed the public’s knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing. The self-administered questionnaire comprised of four sections focusing on the details of the respondents, including demographic characteristics, knowledge of genetic testing, awareness and perception of genetic testing. The results revealed that pet owners have satisfied knowledge and were highly aware of genetic testing in companion animals. The perception of genetic testing of the pet owners in Klang Valley, Malaysia was also generally positive. Based on the result, the variability of demographic background, such as educational background, influences the knowledge (p0.05) of genetic testing among pet owners of Klang Valley, Malaysia
Polyurethane urea modified with a derivative of castor oil with elastomeric applications
No full textfotografías, graficas, tablasLa incorporación de compuestos poliméricos biobasados han adquirido mucha importancia y relevancia en la actualidad, debido a que permiten la reducción de los compuestos que tiene como origen el petróleo mediante la inclusión de nuevas fuentes renovables en su producción.
En este trabajo se obtuvo un derivado del aceite de ricino mediante la transesterificación del aceite con el fin de reducir la funcionalidad hidroxilo y poder obtener un producto lineal para la elaboración de un elastómero de poliuretano urea (PUU). En la síntesis se utilizó aceite de ricino con dietilenglicol en exceso y KOH como catalizador. El producto obtenido fue separado y caracterizado por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), espectroscopia de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) y número hidroxilo, obteniéndose como bandas características para el ricinoleato (REG) el -OH en 1050 cm-1 del grupo hidroxilo primario y los picos 3.6 y 4.1 ppm correspondientes al –CH2 adyacente a un carbono secundario y al CH2-C-C=O-, respectivamente. El producto obtenido presentó una temperatura de degradación de 165ºC y un valor hidroxilo de 328 mg KOH/g.
Posteriormente, se formuló y obtuvo un poliuretano urea biobasado (PUUR) con un segmento duro (%HS) de 40% a partir del derivado de aceite de ricino con una adición de ricinoleato de etilenglicol (REG) de 1.6% molar, una temperatura de 90ºC, catalizador DABCO y utilizando la técnica por solvente en dos pasos con un 32% de sólidos disueltos de igual forma se sintetizó un PUU estándar a las mismas condiciones con el fin de establecer las variaciones del producto biobasado. Estos productos fueron caracterizados
X Poliuretano Urea Modificado con un Derivado de Aceite de Ricino con
Aplicaciones Elastoméricas
por RMN, FTIR, TGA, DSC y finalmente, por un ensayo de tracción para evaluar las características mecánicas de los productos. A través de la RMN se estableció que el producto REG se incorporó a la estructura a través del protón en la ubicación de 5.40 ppm (–CH) que corresponde a la insaturación del REG. Adicionalmente, se observó un cambio en el módulo de tracción del PUUR aumentando un 29% y reduciendo la elongación en un 82% con respecto al PUU estándar sintetizado, además se presenta también una reducción en 17 ºC en su estabilidad térmica, una reducción de la cristalización fría y un aumento en la temperatura de fusión del producto final con respecto al PUU estándar.
Estos resultados son importantes, ya que se pudo sintetizar un producto biobasado mediante la modificación del aceite de ricino, y se pudo establecer los efectos ocasionados por el uso de este tipo de productos renovables en las propiedades finales de los poliuretanos urea lineales, adicionalmente se establecieron los procesos de síntesis y purificación de cada una de las etapas del proceso para la producción de un polímero de ingeniería como es el PUU con un derivado de fuente renovable (Texto tomado de la fuente)The incorporation of biobased polymeric compounds has acquired great importance and relevance today, because they allow the reduction of compounds that have petroleum origin by including new renewable sources in their production.
In this work, a derivative of castor oil was obtained by means of transesterification of the oil in order to reduce the hydroxyl functionality and to obtain a linear product for the elaboration of a polyurethane urea elastomer. In the synthesis, castor oil was obtained with excess diethylene glycol and KOH as catalyst. The obtained product was separated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and hydroxyl number, obtaining as characteristic bands for ricinoleate (REG) the -OH in 1050 cm-1 of the primary hydroxyl group and the 3.6 and 4.1 ppm peaks corresponding to –CH2 adjacent to a secondary carbon and to CH2-C-C=O-, respectively. The product obtained had a degradation temperature of 165°C and a hydroxyl value of 328 mg KOH/g.
Subsequently, a biobased polyurethane urea (PUUR) with a hard segment (%HS) of 40% was formulated and obtained from the castor oil derivative with an addition of ethylene glycol ricinoleate (REG) of 1.6% molar, a temperature of 90ºC, DABCO catalyst and using the solvent technique in two steps with 32% dissolved solids, in the same way, a standard PUU was synthesized under the same conditions in order to establish the variations of the biobased product. These products were characterized by NMR, FTIR, TGA, DSC and finally, by a tensile test to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the products. Through NMR it was established that the REG product was incorporated into the structure through
the proton at the location of 5.40 ppm (–CH) which corresponds to the unsaturation of the REG. In addition, a change in the traction modulus of the PUUR was lost, increasing by 29% and elongation was reduced by 82% with respect to the synthesized standard PUU, in addition there is also a reduction of 17 ºC in its thermal stability, a reduction in the cold crystallization and an increase in the melting temperature of the final product with respect to standard PUU.
These results are important, since it was possible to synthesize a biobased product by modifying castor oil, and it was possible to establish the effects caused by the use of this type of renewable products on the final properties of linear urea polyurethanes, additionally it suffers the synthesis and purification processes of each of the stages of the process for the production of an engineering polymer such as PUU with derivatives from renewable sources.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería QuímicaPolímeros y Materiales CompuestosQuímica Y Procesos.Sede Manizale
