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Fig. 3. Leaf similarities. A. C. argentii Olivar, H.J in Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group
No full textFig. 3. Leaf similarities. A. C. argentii Olivar, H.J.Atkins & Muellner sp. nov. B. C. ferruginea Merr. C. C. hirtigera H.J.Atkins & Cronk. D. C. villosissima Merr. Photos taken from Co's Digital Flora with permission (Pelser et al. 2011 onwards).Published as part of Olivar, Jay Edneil C., Atkins, Hannah J., Hauenschild, Frank & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2020, Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 676 on page 8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.676, http://zenodo.org/record/392837
Cyrtandra J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Forster & Forster 1775
No full textGenus Cyrtandra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Forster & Forster 1775) Key to the studied species 1. Mature leaves anisophyllous (i.e., smaller leaves less than half the length of the larger leaves in a pair)..................................................................................................................... C. ferruginea Merr. – Mature leaves subequal..................................................................................................................... 2 2. Indumentum white; inflorescences pendulous and pedunculate.................................................................................................................................... C. argentii Olivar, H.J. Atkins & Muellner sp. nov. – Indumentum ferruginous; inflorescences erect and subsessile......................................................... 3 3. Calyx divided almost to the base; corolla red.................................................... C. villosissima Merr. – Calyx fused for half or more of its length; corolla yellowish green or dull reddish orange........................................................................................................................ C. hirtigera H.J.Atkins & CronkPublished as part of Olivar, Jay Edneil C., Atkins, Hannah J., Hauenschild, Frank & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2020, Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 676 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.676, http://zenodo.org/record/392837
Cyrtandra villosissima Merr. (Merrill 1906
No full textCyrtandra villosissima Merr. (Merrill 1906) Figs 1, 3D, 4D Material examined Type PHILIPPINES • Mindanao, Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao; Jan. 1906; Mrs Clemens 51 (holotype: AAH!; isotypes: F!, US!). Additional material PHILIPPINES • Mt Malindang, Misamis Occidental; 16 Mar. 2004; Opiso et al. 2088 (L.3794253) • ibid.; May 1993; Gaerlan et al. 10925 (K000184579, L.3794112) • Mt Hibok-Hibok, Camiguin; 1999; RBGE & PNH 48 (E00743749) • Lake Balunsasayao, Negros Oriental; 11 Sep. 1953; Britton 357 (L.2826671) • Cuernos Mountains, Negros Oriental; 13 May 1948; Edaño 7393 (AAH00092001) • ibid.; Mar. 1908; Elmer 9511 (L.2826672, US00081486) • Mahilucot River, Bukidnon; Jul. 1920; Ramos & Edaño 38649 (L.2826670, US00081488) • Mt Daho, Jolo; Sep. 1924; Ramos & Edaño 43913 (P03899658). Description An erect suffrutescent plant up to 7m in height. Stems terete or slightly grooved,with ferruginous woolly hairs throughout. Leaves opposite, subequal; petioles 3–5 cm long, densely hirsute; blades 11–20× 3.5–8 cm, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly falcate, apex acuminate, base acute or acuminate, pronouncedly asymmetrical, not decurrent, margins denticulate, 12–14 pairs of lateral veins, curving and uniting at the margins, densely hirsute on both sides. Inflorescences cymous, axillary, erect, subsessile, with 4–many flowers; peduncle 4–5 mm, densely hirsute; bracts green, ca 1 cm, linear, densely hirsute on both surfaces, persistent; bracteoles up to 5 mm long, densely hirsute on both surfaces; pedicels ca 5 mm long, densely hirsute. Calyx tubular, pale green, lobes linear ca 1.5 cm × 1 mm, densely hirsute. Corolla red, ca 18 mm long, funnel-shaped, lobes orbicular-ovate ca 4 mm long, densely hirsute. Stamens 2; filaments ca 2 mm long; anthers ca 2.5 mm long, thecae parallel, coherent at apices. Gynoecium ca 20 mm long overall, densely hirsute; disc cupular, glabrous; style densely hirsute. Fruits oblong, green, densely hirsute, ca 1 cm × 4.5 mm; calyx and style persistent. Distribution and habitat Cyrtandra villosissima is distributed throughout the island of Mindanao and extends to the island of Negros in the Visayas and is usually found in well-shaded areas near ravines. Notes Cyrtandra villosissima is vegetatively similar to C. hirtigera. It is distinguishable by its red corolla and green calyces with distinctly linear lobes. Based on available distribution data, C. hirtigera appears to be restricted to the island of Palawan while C. villosissima can be found from Negros Island to the island of Mindanao.Published as part of Olivar, Jay Edneil C., Atkins, Hannah J., Hauenschild, Frank & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2020, Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 676 on page 11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.676, http://zenodo.org/record/392837
Cyrtandra ferruginea Merr. (Merrill 1915
No full textCyrtandra ferruginea Merr. (Merrill 1915) Figs 1, 3B, 4B Material examined Type PHILIPPINES • Luzon, Camarines, Mt Cauayan; 9 Dec. 1913; Phil. Pl. Ramos 1548 (syntypes: BM!, GH!, NY!, P!, US!). Additional material PHILIPPINES • Mt Isarog, Camarines Sur; Aug. 1915; Ramos 23554 (US00081328) • ibid.; 22 Mar. 1997; Mendum et al. 29182 (E00057041) • ibid.; 23 Mar. 1997; Argent et al. 20182 (L.3805694) • Mt Bulusan, Sorsogon; Dec. 1915; Elmer 16074 (L.2818244, US00081329, U.1341267, P03884333) • ibid.; 19 Jun. 1958; Sinclair 9624 (E00631523) • Mt Mayon, Albay; 15 Nov. 1991; Reynoso, Romero & Fuentes 3584 (E00316099) • Catanduanes; 11 Dec. 1917; Ramos 30288 (US00081330, P03884332) • Mt Malinao, Albay; 29 Oct. 1995; Reynoso, Sagcal & Fernando 21406 (L.3805666). Description An erect suffrutescent plant up to 1 m in height. Stems terete with ferruginous hairs all throughout. Leaves opposite, anisophyllous; petioles 4–7 cm long, densely hirsute; blades ca 20 × 12 cm, oblong to oblong-elliptic slightly falcate, apex acute or slightly acuminate, base acute or rounded, pronouncedly asymmetrical, not decurrent, margins denticulate, 10 pairs of lateral veins, curving and uniting at the margin, densely hirsute on both sides; blades of smaller leaves of a pair 6.5–9× 2–2.5 cm, resembling the major leaves in all other respects. Inflorescences cymose, axillary, erect, pedunculate, with 1–3 flowers; peduncle 2–3 cm long, densely hirsute; bracts green, ca 10 × 1 mm, linear lanceolate, densely hirsute on both surfaces, persistent. Calyx tubular, pale green, 20–30 mm long, upper lobes ca 3 mm long, lower lobes ca 7 mm long, acuminate, densely hirsute externally, with glandular hairs internally at base of lobes. Corolla white, 50–65 mm long, funnel-shaped, upper lobes rounded, ca 8× 9 mm, lower and lateral lobes rounded, ca 5× 6 mm, densely hirsute, with glandular hairs internally, lobes slightly recurved. Stamens 2; filaments ca 10 mm long, attached ca 18 mm from base of corolla, sparsely covered with glandular hairs; anthers ca 1.5 mm long, thecae parallel, coherent at apices; staminodes 3, lateral staminodes ca 4 mm long, central staminode ca 1 mm long. Gynoecium ca 25 mm long overall; disc cupular with undulate margin, ca 2 mm long, glabrous; ovary 8–9 mm long, with glandular hairs throughout; style ca 12 mm long, with glandular hairs throughout; stigma bilobed, ca 1 mm across. Fruits lanceolate, green, hirsute, verrucose, 30–40 × 6 mm; calyx persistent and entirely enclosing the fruit, style persistent. Distribution and habitat Cyrtandra ferruginea is found growing in damp forests at approximately 500–800 m a.s.l. and can be found on Catanduanes, Mt Isarog, Mt Mayon, Mt Malinao and Mt Bulusan (Fig. 1). Notes Cyrtandra ferruginea is morphologically most similar to C. argentii sp. nov., but can be separated by the following characters: ferruginous anisophyllous leaves, 1–3 flowered simple cymes, and hirsute corolla.Published as part of Olivar, Jay Edneil C., Atkins, Hannah J., Hauenschild, Frank & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2020, Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 676 on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.676, http://zenodo.org/record/392837
Challenging Structure Elucidation of Lumnitzeralactone, an Ellagic Acid Derivative from the Mangrove <i>Lumnitzera racemosa</i>
Full text linkThe previously undescribed natural product lumnitzeralactone (1), which represents a derivative of ellagic acid, was isolated from the anti-bacterial extract of the Indonesian mangrove species Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. The structure of lumnitzeralactone (1), a proton-deficient and highly challenging condensed aromatic ring system, was unambiguously elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses involving high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and 2D NMR (including 1,1-ADEQUATE and 1,n-ADEQUATE). Determination of the structure was supported by computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE system applying ACD-SE), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and a two-step chemical synthesis. Possible biosynthetic pathways involving mangrove-associated fungi have been suggested
Cyrtandra hirtigera H. J. Atkins & Cronk (Atkins & Cronk 2001
No full text<i>Cyrtandra hirtigera</i> H.J.Atkins & Cronk (Atkins & Cronk 2001 ) Figs 1, 3C, 4C Material examined <p> <b>Type</b></p> <p> PHILIPPINES <b>•</b> Palawan, Cleopatra’s Needle; 29 Jan. 1998; <i>Cronk et al. 25433</i> (holotype: PNH!; isotypes: E!, K!, L!).</p> <p> <b>Additional material</b></p> <p> PHILIPPINES <b>•</b> San Vicente, Palawan; 4 Aug. 1988; <i>Soejarto & Madulid 6353</i> (L.2818243) <b>•</b> Mt Beaufort, Palawan; 12 Mar. 1984; <i>Ridsdale SMHI 23</i> (L.2818051) <b>•</b> Pagdanan Range, Palawan; 22 Apr. 1984; <i>Podzorski SMHI 934</i> (L.2818049) <b>•</b> Mt Mantalingahan, Palawan; 5 May 1948; <i>Edaño 122</i> (L.2818048) <b>•</b> ibid.; 4 Mar. 1992; <i>Argent & Romero 9666</i> (L.3805814) <b>•</b> Malampaya Bay, Palawan; Oct. 1922; <i>Merrill 11573</i> (US00081506) <b>•</b> Mt Capoas, Palawan; Apr. 1913; <i>Merrill 9500</i> (US00081487) <b>•</b> Palawan; Apr. 1906; <i>Foxworthy 581</i> (US00081485, P03899657) <b>•</b> Taytay, Palawan; 31 Jan. 1991; <i>Stone 327</i> (L.2822680).</p> Description <p> An erect suffrutescent plant, up to 2–2.5 m in height. <i>Stems</i> terete, with crimson or white hairs throughout. <i>Leaves</i> opposite, subequal; petioles 5–8 cm long, densely hirsute; blades 22–30 × 15–18 cm, broadly elliptic, slightly falcate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, not decurrent, margins denticulate, 12–14 pairs of lateral veins, curving and uniting at the margins, densely hirsute on both sides. <i>Inflorescences</i> cymous, axillary, erect, subsessile, with 4–many flowers; peduncle 4–5 mm, densely hirsute; bracts green, ca 1 cm × 5 mm, lanceolate, densely hirsute on both surfaces, persistent; bracteoles up to 5 mm long, densely hirsute on both surfaces; pedicels ca 5 mm long, densely hirsute. <i>Calyx</i> tubular, red or green, ca 1–1.5 cm long, lobes ca 5 mm long, lower lobes ca 6 mm long, acute or narrowly acuminate, densely hirsute externally, with scattered glandular hairs internally and has prominent tufts of hairs at the base. <i>Corolla</i> dull reddish orange or yellowish green, ca 2 cm long, funnel-shaped, lobes slightly bilabiate or subequal, upper lobes, 1–1.5 × 2 mm, lateral lobes 1× 1.5 mm, lower lobes 2× 1.5 mm; glandular hairs externally and internally. <i>Stamens</i> 2; filaments ca 1–1.5 cm long, attached ca 12–13 mm from base of corolla, glabrous; anthers ca 2 mm long, thecae parallel, coherent at apices; staminodes 2, 5– 8 mm long. <i>Gynoecium</i> ca 20 mm long overall; disc cupular with undulate margin, ca 1.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca 4–5 mm long, glabrous; style ca 10 mm long, with eglandular hairs throughout; stigma bilobed, ca 2.5 mm across. <i>Fruits</i> ovoid, green, glabrous, ca 1 cm × 5 mm; inflorescence bracts persistent, calyx and style not persistent.</p> Distribution and habitat <p> <i>Cyrtandra hirtigera</i> is distributed throughout the island of Palawan and is usually found on slopes near gullies at 30–900 m a.s.l.</p> Notes <p> Atkins & Cronk (2001) described two varieties of this species, <i>C. hirtigera</i> var. <i>hirtigera</i> and <i>C. hirtigera</i> var. <i>chlorina</i>, distinguishable by color and shape of their calyces and corolla limbs. <i>Cyrtandra hirtigera</i> var. <i>hirtigera</i> has a crimson indumentum, red calyces with acute lobe apices, and reddish orange corollas with slightly bilabiate limbs. <i>Cyrtandra hirtigera</i> var. <i>chlorina</i> has pale indumentum, green calyces with acuminate lobe apices, and yellowish green corollas with subequal lobes.</p>Published as part of <i>Olivar, Jay Edneil C., Atkins, Hannah J., Hauenschild, Frank & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2020, Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 676</i> on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.676, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3928370">http://zenodo.org/record/3928370</a>
Figure 3 from: Pannell CM, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN (2020) Two new species and a new species record of Aglaia (Meliaceae) from Indonesia. PhytoKeys 155: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.155.53833
No full textFigure 3 Aglaia mackianaA leaf with attachment to twig B apex of shoot C detail of upper leaflet surface D detail of lower leaflet surface E immature inflorescence F flower buds G peltate scales H transverse section of immature fruit with three seeds I seed, with large hilum and intact aril (Drawn by Rosemary Wise, edited by Alexandra Muellner-Riehl)
Figure 1 from: Pannell CM, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN (2020) Two new species and a new species record of Aglaia (Meliaceae) from Indonesia. PhytoKeys 155: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.155.53833
No full textFigure 1 Aglaia monocaula Pannell A habit B detail of lower surface of the leaflet C apical shoot subtending infructescence in a leaf axil D part of the infructescence with fruits cut transversely to show the three seeds and longitudinally to show the junction between the two peltate cotyledons typical of the genus Aglaia (Drawn by Rosemary Wise, edited by Alexandra Muellner-Riehl)
Sunda–Sahul floristic exchange and pathways into the Southwest Pacific: New insights from wet tropical forest trees
No full textAim: Recent investigations on the floristic exchange between Southeast Asia and
Australia have shown a clear dispersal directionality bias (West to East) of wet-adapted
plant taxa. However, dispersal routes and directions of wet forest taxa into the South
Pacific remain insufficiently known. We here aimed to establish the most likely routes
and directions of plant dispersal into the Southwest Pacific islands.
Location: Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Southwest Pacific.
Taxon: Dysoxylum s.l. (Meliaceae). This includes Dysoxylum s.s., Didymocheton,
Epicharis, Goniocheton, Pseudocarapa, and Prasoxylon.
Method: We sampled 75% of the species diversity in Dysoxylum s.l., covering the en-
tire distribution range, all genera and major lineages. Phylogenetic relationships of
149 accessions were reconstructed using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis and two
internal constraints. The dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis variant, founder- event
speciation (DEC+J), was used for reconstructing the biogeographic history, and 100
Biogeographical Stochastic Mappings were simulated.
Results: Dysoxylum s.l. originated and firstly diversified in the western part of its cur-
rent distribution range (including Indochina) during the Miocene to Pliocene, followed
by an overall eastern range expansion towards Malesia, Australia and the Southwest
Pacific in the Pliocene.
Main Conclusions: The south-eastward expansion of lineages into Wallacea and
Australia is in temporal agreement with the convergence of the Asian and Australian
tectonic plates since the Miocene. Long-distance dispersal is the main mechanism that
led to the current distribution. Two dispersal pathways into the Southwest Pacific are
identified, (1) through New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to Fiji, and (2) from New
Zealand to Fiji. For both routes, Fiji was an important secondary source area for dis-
persal into the Southwest Pacific
Supplementary material 1 from: Pannell CM, Schnitzler J, Muellner-Riehl AN (2020) Two new species and a new species record of Aglaia (Meliaceae) from Indonesia. PhytoKeys 155: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.155.53833
No full textTable S1. Voucher information, origin, and GenBank accession numbers for all species included in this stud
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