238 research outputs found
Acoustic identification of bats in the southern Western Ghats, India
No full textWordley, Claire F. R., Foui, Eleni K., Mudappa, Divya, Sankaran, Mahesh, Altringham, John D. (2014): Acoustic identification of bats in the southern Western Ghats, India. Acta Chiropterologica 16 (1): 213-222, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X68340
FIG. 4 in Acoustic identification of bats in the southern Western Ghats, India
No full textFIG. 4. Discriminant function analyses for all FM species with over two individualsPublished as part of Wordley, Claire F. R., Foui, Eleni K., Mudappa, Divya, Sankaran, Mahesh & Altringham, John D., 2014, Acoustic identification of bats in the southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 213-222 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (1) on page 217, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X683408, http://zenodo.org/record/394360
Day-bed choice by the brown palm civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni) in the Western Ghats, India
No full textBreeding Biology of the Malabar Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros Griseus) in Southern Western Ghats, India
No full textVolume: 97Start Page: 15End Page: 2
Data from: Distribution models predict climate-related range alteration or extinction of eleven threatened tropical rainforest trees in the Western Ghats
No full text<p>This dataset contains information related to species occurence data and species distribution modeling (SDM) analysisr of eleven threatened tree species. Occurrences are compiled from extensive field surveys in the Anamalai Hills along with data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org) and earlier work done within the southern Western Ghats, India.</p>
<p>References:<br>Page, N. V., & Shanker, K. (2020). Climatic stability drives latitudinal trends in range size and richness of woody plants in the Western Ghats, India. PLOS ONE, 15(7), e0235733. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235733</p>
<p>GBIF.org (2022) GBIF Occurrence Download, 2 August 2022. DOI:10.15468/dl.gnvuxj</p>
<p><br>AUTHOR #1<br>1. Name: A.P. Madhavan<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected]<br>4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256</p>
<p>AUTHOR #2<br>1. Name: Kshama Bhat<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected]<br>4. ORCID: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-2687</p>
<p>AUTHOR #3<br>1. Name: Srinivasan Kasinathan<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected]<br>4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653</p>
<p>AUTHOR #4<br>1. Name: Divya Mudappa <br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected] <br>4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p>
<p>AUTHOR #5<br>1. Name: Navendu Page<br>2. Work Address: Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected]<br>4. ORCID: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-7571</p>
<p>AUTHOR #6<br>1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman <br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Email address: [email protected] <br>4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p>
<p>Keywords: tropical rainforest, climate change, tree distributions, species distribution models, range shifts, Western Ghats</p>
<p><br>Geographic Coverage:<br>1. Location/Study Area: Southern Western Ghats Montane Rain Forests, Southern Western Ghats Moist Deciduous Forests, India<br>2. GPS coordinates: SWG (73.95° – 80.33° E, 8.06° – 13.11°N) </p>
<p>Temporal coverage<br>Starts: 2020-08-01<br>Ends: 2024-03-28</p>
<p>Besides this README.txt file, the dataset includes three comma-delimited text files (csv); two R scripts, and 1 kml file of surveyed trails.</p>
<p>CSV files with the data in columns as explained below:</p>
<p>1) Focal_Tree_Dat.csv</p>
<p>Comp: Number identifier<br>FT_ID: Unique tree no for each individual<br>Focal_tree: Scientific name of species<br>Date: Date of occurrence observation<br>Place: Area/locality description<br>Trail: Unique trail ID<br>Waypoint: Waypoint number <br>Time: Time in hh:mm format <br>Location: Specific description of occurrence locality <br>Latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees N <br>Longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees E <br>Elevation: Elevation in metres <br>Slope: Cateory of slope <br>ID_Notes: Notes on identification<br>Phenophase: Phenophase expression at the time of observation <br>GBH: Girth at breast height in centimetres (comma separated list of numbers in case of multi-stemmed trees) <br>Tree_ht: Tree height in metres<br>Canopy_ht: Maximimum height of the surrounding canopy in metres<br>Substrate: Soil substrate composition<br>Invasives: Name of invasive species (if present) <br>Stature: Vegetation strata position <br>Relatively: Stature of focal individual relative to other surrounding individuals <br>Deadwood: Description of deadwood on the tree <br>Damage: Description of damage on the bole <br>Shape: Description of tree canopy shape<br>Closure: Canopy closure at focal tree <br>Seedlings: Number of conspecific seedlings present in 5 m radius of focal tree <br>Saplings: Number of conspecific saplings present in 5 m radius of focal tree<br>Trees: Number of conspecific trees present in 5 m radius of focal tree<br>Remarks: Remarks </p>
<p>2) Ffspecies.csv</p>
<p>Source: Source of occurrence <br>ID: State/location of occurrence<br>Region: Biogeographic region of occurrence <br>decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees N<br>decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees E<br>species: Scientific name of species</p>
<p>4) ft_surveys.csv</p>
<p>Date: Date of survey of sample trail<br>Prot_type: Category indicating whether protected area or fragment <br>Place: Area/locality description<br>Route_description: Specific landmark description of trail<br>Trail: Unique trail ID <br>Trail_distance: Tracked distance of trail in km <br>Corrected_trail_distance: Corrected distance of trail in km<br>Track_filename_kml: File name of gps track<br>Sample_collected: Name of species if sample collected <br>Observers: Name of observers <br>Remarks: Remarks</p>
<p>ANALYSES SCRIPTS<br>flexsdm_script.R<br>Script containing the analysis of all maxent distribution modeling and associated analysis</p>
<p>Franklinia_density.Rmd<br>Script of density and abundance related analysis</p>
<p> </p><p><strong>Funding</strong></p>
<p>We thank Fondation Franklinia, Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies, Rainmatter Foundation, and AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre for funding support.</p>
Sight record of the Oriental Bay Owl (Phodilus badius ripleyi) in the Anaimalai Hills, southern western Ghats, India
No full textVolume: 95Start Page: 343End Page: 34
Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
No full textThis dataset contains compiled Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. The list of species included are from the following two related publications:
- Muthuramkumar, S., Ayyappan, N., Parthasarathy, N., Mudappa, D., Raman, T.R.S., Selwyn, M.A. and Pragasan, L.A. (2006), Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India. Biotropica, 38: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x
- Osuri, A., Chakravarthy, D., Mudappa, D., Raman, T., Ayyappan, N., Muthuramkumar, S., & Parthasarathy, N. (2017). Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 33(4), 270-284. doi:10.1017/S0266467417000219
The present dataset is an expanded and updated version of the related dataset available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn
Species traits information was collated from BIOTIK (http://www.biotik.org/), Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/), India Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/), Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1) and Osuri et al. (2014): https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219. We also referred to the following previous studies that provided information on the successional status of rain-forest species in the Western Ghats (Chetana 2013, Pascal 1988, Raman et al. 2009, Sreejith 2005).
References:
CHETANA, H. C. 2013. Assessing the ecological processes in abandoned tea plantations and its implication for ecological restoration in the Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Manipal University.
OSURI, A. M., KUMAR, V. S. & SANKARAN, M. 2014. Altered stand structure and tree allometry reduce carbon storage in evergreen forest fragments in India’s Western Ghats. Forest Ecology and Management 329: 375–383.
PASCAL, J. P. 1988. Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, structure, floristic composition and succession. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Pondicherry.
RAMAN, T. R. S., MUDAPPA, D. & KAPOOR, V. 2009. Restoring rainforest fragments: survival of mixed-native species seedlings under contrasting site conditions in the Western Ghats, India. Restoration Ecology 17:137–147.
SREEJITH, K. A. 2005. Ecological and ecophysiological studies on the successional status of tree seedlings in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Kerala. PhD thesis, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.
Geographic Coverage:
1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)
Temporal Coverage:
1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)
2. Ends: 2022-08-16 (Year, Month, Day)
Besides the README.txt file, the dataset includes two comma-delimited text (csv) files with the data in columns as explained below:
Anamalai_tree_traits.csv
gbif_namematch.csv
Anamalai_tree_traits.csv
old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (manuscript Muthuramkumar et al. 2006: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)
osuri_code: Revised species codes if used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33:270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) or else indicated as NA
current_code: Species codes used at present in relation to current taxonomy and name as in ‘species’ column
old_speciesName: Species names used at the time of data collection (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)
verbatimScientificName: Revised species names used to match names to current taxonomy (next column)
species: Accepted species scientific name at present as determined by running the name in the previous column through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility lookup tool (GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup)
family: Plant Family that the taxon belongs to
genus: Genus the taxon belongs to
fruit_type: Type of fruit
fleshy_dry: Whether fruit is a dry fruit or fleshy, with aril or other parts
seed_size: Species seed size: L = Large (>3 cm); M = Medium (1-3 cm); S = Small (<1 cm)
disperser: Categories indicating seed dispersal mode: Bird, mammal, bird and mammal (Mammal_bird), gravity, wind, or unknown
new_disp: Composite category based on disperser and seed size (taking seed size as S and L)
habitat: Habitat affinity category: EG_edg - evergreen forest edge; EG_for - evergreen forest; Dec_for - deciduous forest; Int – Introduced species; Unknown – Unknown
habt_new: Habitat affinity new category: Mature – mature forest; Secondary – secondary forest, Int - Introduced species; Unknown – unknown
ad_ht: Species maximum adult height (m)
wden: Species wood density (g cm^-3); NA - not available; sourced from Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)
remarks: Notes or remarks
gbif_namematch.csv
verbatimScientificName: Scientific name as used for the GBIF lookup
scientificName: Name returned by GBIF species lookup tool (https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup)
key: GBIF key returned by the species lookup tool
matchType: Match type returned by the species lookup tool
confidence: Confidence returned by the species lookup tool
status: Indicates whether the verbatimScientificName is an Accepted name or a Synonym
rank: Indicates whether the taxon was identified to Family, Genus or species
kingdom: Kingdom of taxon
phylum: Phylum of taxon
class: Class of taxon
order: Order of taxon
family: Family of taxon
genus: Genus of taxon
species: Species name (accepted and current species name)
canonicalName: Canonical form of species name returned by species lookup tool
authorship: Author of taxonThe present dataset is an expanded and updated version of the related dataset available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0n
Tree and habitat structure data from rainforest fragments and coffee plantations in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
No full text<p><strong>TITLE</strong></p><p><strong>Tree and habitat structure data from rainforest fragments and coffee plantations in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India</strong><br> </p><p><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong></p><p>This dataset contains point-centred quarter (PCQ) data on trees and habitat structure measurements data from rainforest fragments and some coffee plantations in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. The data were gathered to quantity habitat parameters for bird and small carnivorous mamm community studies. Data were gathered mainly by T. R. Shankar Raman and Divya Mudappa (2000 to 2003), Hari Sridhar (2005), and Akshay Surendra (2019).</p><p><strong>Publications</strong></p><p>Specific portions of the dataset have been used in the following publications:</p><ul><li>Mudappa, D. 2001. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603/101890">Ecology of the brown palm civet <i>Paradoxurus jerdoni</i> in the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, India</a>. Ph. D. thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. https://hdl.handle.net/10603/101890</li><li>Raman, T. R. S. 2001. <a href="https://archive.org/details/raman-2001-ph-d-thesis-iisc">Community ecology and conservation of mid-elevation tropical rainforest bird communities in the southern Western Ghats, India</a>. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. https://archive.org/details/raman-2001-ph-d-thesis-iisc</li><li>Raman, T.R.S. 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5">Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India</a>. <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i> 15: 1577–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5</li><li>Sridhar, H., & Sankar, K. 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408004823">Effects of habitat degradation on mixed-species bird flocks in Indian rain forests</a>. <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 24: 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408004823</li><li>Surendra, A. & Raman, T. R. S. 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.22.513365">Forest bird decline and community change over 19 years in long-isolated South Asian tropical rainforest fragments</a>. Preprint. <i>BioRxiv</i> 2022.10.22.513365. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.22.513365<br> </li></ul><p>A related dataset is the following:<br>Raman, T. R. S. (2020). Data from: Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India. <i>Dryad Dataset.</i> https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m907q<br> </p><p><strong>Curation and corrections</strong></p><p>Data were collated, curated, and corrected before this upload. Besides addition of new columns, explanations of metadata, and other corrections included few related to canopy measurements, effective girth of multi-stem trees, and species identification.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p>We are grateful to P. Jeganathan and P. R. Shankar for assistance with data collection in 2000. Others who assisted with field research, and funding agencies related to the specific studies, are acknowledged in the above publications. The data compilation and publication was carried out as part of a grant from Fondation Franklinia to NCF.</p><p><br><strong>CONTACTS</strong><br> </p><p>CONTACT #1<br>1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: [email protected]<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p><p>CONTACT #2<br>1. Name: Divya Mudappa<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: [email protected]<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p><p>CONTACT #3<br>1. Name: Hari Sridhar<br>2. Work Address: Wildlife Institute of India, Post Bag #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun – 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: [email protected]<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-0120</p><p>CONTACT #4<br>1. Name: Akshay Surendra<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India; School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT – 06511, USA; New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: [email protected]<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-7432<br> </p><p><br><strong>GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India</p><p>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p><p><br><strong>TEMPORAL COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Begins: 2000-01-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2019-12-31 (Year, Month, Day)</p><p><br><strong>METHODS</strong></p><p>Methods involved are described in the publications listed above. The vegetation sampling methods are briefly described below.</p><p>PCQ data: Trees ≥30cm girth at breast height (gbh, at 1.3 m) were sampled in replicate point-centred quarter (PCQ) points in each of the sites (fragments or coffee plantations).</p><p>All trees in the PCQ plots were identified to species, or in a few cases to genus, using available field guides. Using a tape measure, distance from plot centre to the middle of the bole and GBH were recorded for each tree. At each of the PCQ plots, circular plots were laid to enumerate shrubs and cut trees and record presence or absence of lianas, cane, Lantana etc as described in the metadata. Canopy and leaf litter variables were measured at replicate points, spaced 25 to 50 m apart, in each site. Elevation readings were also taken at these points using an altimeter or handheld GPS. Canopy height was measured using a rangefinder. Percentage canopy cover was measured using a spherical densiometer at each of the 25 points in each site. Vertical stratification was assessed by noting presence or absence of foliage in the following height intervals (in metres): 0–1, 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, 8–16, 16–24, 24–32, and > 32, directly above and in a 0.5 m radius around each point. Leaf litter depth on the forest floor was measured using a calibrated wooden probe at each point. Where ground vegetation and litter were disturbed along trails, the samples were taken away from trails in the forest floor.</p><p><br><strong>FILES INCLUDED</strong><br>Besides the 00_README.txt file that contains this metadata, the dataset includes the following 7 files, whose details and contents are explained below. (Wherever used in the various files, NA implies not available.)<br> </p><p><strong>01) sites.csv -- Details of study sites</strong><br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees North (WGS 84 datum)<br>decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees East (WGS 84 datum)<br>habitat: Habitat type as mature tropical rainforest, tropical rainforest fragment, or coffee plantation<br>Description: Description of the place<br> </p><p><strong>02) allpcqdata.csv -- Tree data from point-centred quarter (PCQ) surveys</strong><br>Year: Year of survey for bird and vegetation study<br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>Point_name: Name ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point as used within a survey year<br>pointID: Unique ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point including year of survey<br>Tree_no: Tree number ID given to the four trees in each PCQ plot (T1 to T4)<br>verbatimIdentification: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name as currently identified under updated taxonomy<br>nativeAlien: Category indicating whether species is native or alien to the region/country<br>kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom<br>phylum: Taxonomic Phylum<br>Distance_eff: Distance in metres from centre of PCQ plot to centre of tree trunk<br>Girth_eff: Girth in centimetres (cm) at breast height (1.3 m) of the tree after correction (using appropriate formula) in the case of multi-stemmed individuals<br>locationRemarks: Code for site name as originally used<br>SpCode: Species code as originally used during data entry<br>TreeHeight: Tree height in metres (only available in 2019 survey)<br>identificationRemarks: Notes related to identification if available<br>occurrenceRemarks: Notes related to multi-stemmed individuals (girths in cm) if available and note on one possibly errorneous girth<br> </p><p><strong>03) pcqlocations.csv -- Locations of sample PCQ points</strong><br>pointID: Unique ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point including year of survey<br>note: Site name code<br>decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees East (WGS 84 datum)<br>decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees North (WGS 84 datum)<br>coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Approximate uncertainty of the location in metres<br> </p><p><strong>04) allhabitat.csv -- Data on habitat structure variables</strong><br>Year: Year of survey for bird and vegetation study<br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>Point: ID of replicate survey point within the Fragment<br>0-1m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 0-1 m above ground<br>1-2m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 1-2 m above ground<br>2-4m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 2-4 m above ground<br>4-8m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 4-8 m above ground<br>8-16m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 8-16 m above ground<br>16-24m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 16-24 m above ground<br>24-32m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 24-32 m above ground<br>over32m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band greater than 32 m above ground<br>VertStrata: Number of vertical strata with foliage (sum of preceding 8 columns)<br>CanopyHeight: Canopy height in metres<br>CanopyOpenness: Canopy openness in percentage as measured using a spherical densiometer<br>CanopyCover: Canopy cover (closure) in percentage as measured using a spherical densiometer<br>CanopyOverlap: Canopy overlap rank: 0-open sky above; 1-branches above barely touching; 2-overlapping branches above, sky visible; 3-overlapping branches, sky not visible<br>UC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for understorey vegetation only<br>MC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for the midstorey only<br>CC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for the upper canopy only<br>Altitude: Altitude above sea leavel in metres, measued from hand-held altimeter or GPS device<br>RfShrub: Number of shrubs (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Coffee: Number of coffee bushes (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Maesopsis: Number of alien Maesopsis eminii stems (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Strobilanthes: Number of Strobilanthes shrubs (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>TotalShrub: Total number of shrubs within 2 m radius of point<br>Liana: Presence (1) or absence (0) of woody lianas within 5 m radius of point<br>Cane: Presence (1) or absence (0) of cane (Calamus sp.) within 2 m radius of point<br>Lantana: Presence (1) or absence (0) of Lantana camara shrubs within 2 m radius of point<br>Bamboo: Presence (1) or absence (0) of bamboo culms within 2 m radius of point<br>LeafLitter: Depth of leaf litter in cm (to 0.5 cm accuracy) measured using a calibrated wooden probe<br>CutTrees: Number of cut trees within 5 m radius of point<br> </p><p><strong>05) gbifnames.csv -- Results of GBIF name matching tool</strong><br>sno: Serial number<br>verbatimScientificName: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name after matching with Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database to lowest taxonomic level<br>sciNameWithAuthor: Scientific name with author as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>key: GBIF key as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>matchType: Type of match as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>confidence: Confidence as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>status: Status as accepted name or synonym as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>rank: Taxonomic rank as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>kingdom: Kingdom as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>phylum: Phylum as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>class: Class as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>order: Order as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>family: Family as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>genus: Genus as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>species: Species as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>canonicalName: Canonical name as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>authorship: Author of name as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br> </p><p><strong>06) plots2000.csv -- Data from 5 m radius circular plots in select sites</strong><br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>PlotID: ID of 5 m radius plot<br>Treeno: Serial number of tree in the plot<br>verbatimIdentification: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name as currently identified under updated taxonomy<br>Girth_eff: Girth in centimetres (cm) at breast height (1.3 m) of the tree after correction (using appropriate formula) in the case of multi-stemmed individuals<br>nativeAlien: Category indicating whether species is native or alien to the region/country<br>kingdom: Kingdom as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>phylum: Phylum as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>occurrenceRemarks: Notes related to multi-stemmed individuals (girths in cm) if available and identification</p><p> </p><p><strong>07) anampcqs4gbif.rmd -- Text file with code in the R statistical and programming language</strong> </p><p>This R code was used for converting data in this Zenodo dataset into Darwin Core occurrence dataset for upload to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org). The published dataset can now be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.15468/cmsveh</p><p> </p><p><strong>Changes in Version 2</strong></p><p>In sites.csv, changed habitat from "Rainforest" to "Tropical rainforest fragment" for Puthuthottam</p><p>Added the anampcqs4gbif.rmd file with R code</p>
Nest-Site Characteristics and Nesting Success of the Malabar Gray Hornbill in the Southern Western Ghats, India
No full textMerchants of Virtue
No full textMerchants of Virtue explores the question of what it meant to be Hindu in precolonial South Asia. Divya Cherian presents a fine-grained study of everyday life and local politics in the kingdom of Marwar in eighteenth-century western India to uncover how merchants enforced their caste ideals of vegetarianism and bodily austerity as universal markers of Hindu identity. Using legal strategies and alliances with elites, these merchants successfully remade the category of “Hindu,” setting it in contrast to “Untouchable” in a process that reconfigured Hinduism in caste terms. In a history pertinent to understanding India today, Cherian establishes the centrality of caste to the early-modern Hindu self and to its imagination of inadmissible others.
“A refreshingly different perspective on the history of caste and untouchability in India, enlarging the field of scholarship from its focus on the colonial era by telling us how precolonial configurations of power in the locality shaped the everyday experience of caste.” — GOPAL GURU, coauthor of The Cracked Mirror and Experience, Caste, and the Everyday Social
“This provocative and empirically rich study offers a plenitude of fascinating insights into aspects of western Indian history ca. 1800, from kingship and caste hierarchy to abortion and alcohol consumption. Particularly innovative is its focus on the critical role played by merchants in articulating social identities that became widespread in modern times.” — CYNTHIA TALBOT, author of The Last Hindu Emperor
“A pathbreaking book that explodes essentialist views of the construction of Hindu and Muslim identities in precolonial India. Divya Cherian provocatively argues that the category of ‘Hindu’ was the primary locus for a system of radical othering that excluded Untouchables (and Muslims as Untouchables) through mechanisms of state, law, and everyday life.” — CHRISTIAN LEE NOVETZKE, Professor of South Asian and Religious Studies, University of Washingto
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