879 research outputs found
xM state cells are involved in vasculogenic mimicry (VM).
No full text(A) Tumors formed by E, E/M, and xM cells were analyzed by H&E staining and IHC analysis for the CD34 (Brown) and PAS (Purple). Pink arrows indicate VM channels (PAS+/CD34-), brown arrows indicate classic angiogenesis (PAS+/CD34+), which is included as a control. Quantification of VM channels determined by microscopy with 400x magnification in randomly chosen fields (n = 3 per group, ** PB) NPC clinical samples were analyzed by IHC analysis for detecting VM channels, three representative areas in one case are shown. (C) The colocalization of ZEB1 (Brown) and PAS (Purple) in xM tumor, as well as NPC clinical sample (D). Images of three representative areas in one tumor sample are shown. (E) Vasculogenic mimicry of E, E/M, and xM cells was analyzed by Matrigel tube formation assay in vitro (Mean +/- SD of three biological replicates, *** P<0.001).</p
Effects of silencing LMP1 and LMP2A expression on plasticity of E/M and xM cells.
No full text(A) Purified E/M cells were transfected with siRNAs to knock down the expression of LMP1 or LMP2A. The knockdown efficiencies of these siRNAs in E/M cells were analyzed by Western blot. (B) The changes of CD44 and CD104 profile in E/M cells were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. (C) Purified xM cells were transfected with siRNAs to knock down the expression of LMP1 or LMP2A. The knockdown efficiencies of these siRNAs in xM cells were analyzed by Western blot. (D) The changes of CD44 and CD104 profile in xM cells were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. (TIF)</p
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of heavy-metals (M: Ba, Pb) doped misfit-layered ceramics: (Ca2-xM xCoO3)0.62 (CoO2)
No full textEnhanced thermoelectric performance of heavy-metals (M: Ba, Pb) doped misfit-layered ceramics: (Ca2-xM xCoO3)0.62 (CoO2
MU-Estimation and Smoothing
No full textAbstractIn the M-estimation theory developed by Huber (1964, Ann. Math. Statist.43, 1449–1458), the parameter under estimation is the value of θ which minimizes the expectation of what is called a discrepancy measure (DM) δ(X, θ) which is a function of θ and the underlying random variable X. Such a setting does not cover the estimation of parameters such as the multivariate median defined by Oja (1983) and Liu (1990), as the value of θ which minimizes the expectation of a DM of the type δ(X1, …, Xm, θ) where X1, …, Xm are independent copies of the underlying random variable X. Arcones et al. (1994, Ann. Statist.22, 1460–1477) studied the estimation of such parameters. We call such an M-type MU-estimation (or μ-estimation for convenience). When a DM is not a differentiable function of θ, some complexities arise in studying the properties of estimators as well as in their computation. In such a case, we introduce a new method of smoothing the DM with a kernel function and using it in estimation. It is seen that smoothing allows us to develop an elegant approach to the study of asymptotic properties and possibly apply the Newton–Raphson procedure in the computation of estimators
CANONICAL ABERRATION THEORY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC MULTIPOLES
No full textIn a 2N-pole electromagnetic system, defining the electron optical Hamiltonian function, we have derived both general algebraic expressions (arbitrary N) and special numerical formulas (N = 3,4,5,6,7) for different aberrations from lower to higher order (i.e., the order of N - 1, N + 1, 2N - 3, 2N - 1, 3N - 5). The so-called canonical aberration theory in electromagnetic multipoles has thus been developed, which allows us to deduce angular dependencies of different aberrations and to examine the possibility for spherical correction of a round lens by using multipoles.Physics, AppliedSCI(E)0ARTICLE125968-59756
The structures and transformations on Si(113) surface
No full textThe surface structures of the Si(113)-(1 X 1), Si(113)-(3 X 1) and Si(113)-(3 X 2) have been studied theoretically by means of an ab initio quantum chemical CNDO method. We address not only the importance of the surface energy but also the energy minimization and the barrier height in the different structural conversion. We found that (1) the relaxed Si(113)-(1 X 1) structure. (2) the Si(113)-(3 X 1) close to the Si(113) Ranke (3 X 1)-2 model; (3) the atomic positions of Si(113)-(3 X 2) corrugated arrangement. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V
GaInNAs/GaAs multiple-quantum well resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors at 1.3 mu m
No full textA GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) resonant-cavity enhanced photodetector (RCF-PD) operated at a wavelength of 1.3 mum with the full width at half maximum of 4nm has been demonstrated. The GaInNAs RCE - PD was grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a homemade ion-removed dc plasma cell as a nitrogen source. GaInNAs/GaAs MQW shows a strong exciton peak at room temperature, which is very beneficial for applications in long-wavelength absorption devices. For a 100 mum diameter RCE-PD, the dark current is 20 and 32 pA at biases of 0 and 6 V, respectively, and the breakdown voltage is - 18 V. The measured 3 dB bandwidth is 308 MHz, which is limited by the resistance of p-type distributed Bragg reflector mirror. The tunable wavelength in a range of 18 nm with the angle of incident light was observed
InAlGaAs/InP cylinder microlaser connected with two waveguides
No full textInAlGaAs/InP cylinder microlasers with radius of 15 mu m, connected with two 2 mu m-wide output waveguides, are fabricated by conventional photolithography and inductively coupled-plasma etching techniques. Room-temperature continuous-wave electrically injected singlemode operation is realised at the lasing wavelength of 1577 nm and sidemode suppression of 32 dB
Soil characterization and differential patterns of heavy metal accumulation in woody plants grown in coal gangue wastelands in Shaanxi, China
No full textSoil contamination by heavy metals in coal mine wastelands is a significant environmental issue in most developing countries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate contamination characteristics in the coal mine wastelands of Sanlidong coal mine, Tongchuan, China. To achieve this goal, we conducted field sampling work, followed by further analysis of the properties of soil contamination and accumulation characteristics in woody plants. At this site, the pH value ranged from 4.41 to 7.88, and the nutrient content of the soil rose gradually with the time after deposition due to the weathering effect improving the soil quality. Meanwhile, the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn gradually decreased with the passage time. Generally, heavy metal contamination was found to be more serious in the discharge refuse area, with Cd contamination at moderate or heavy levels; Ni, Zn, and Cu contamination at light levels; and with no Cr contamination. The geoaccumulation index (I (geo)) was highest for Cd (2.38-3.14), followed by Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr. Heavy metals accumulated on the lower slopes and spread to the surrounding areas via hydrodynamic effects and wind. According to transfer and enrichment coefficient analyses, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, and Hippophae rhamnoides with considerable biomass could be used as pollution-resistant tree species for vegetation restoration. This study provided a theoretical basis for the restoration of the ecological environment in the mining area. This report described a link between heavy metal contamination of soils and growth dynamics of woody plants in China
Photoluminescence studies on self-organized 1.55-mu m InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dots under hydrostatic pressure
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