12 research outputs found
Une expérience vécue : l’intersection des langues, du genre et de l'identité dans la traduction
No full text1 online resource (46 pages) : illustrationsIncludes abstract in English and French.Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-46).A saying goes that “to know another language is to possess a second soul.” Passionate about languages, translation and world cultures, the author is always on the way to learn more and decode the meaning of this quote. In this Honors essay, the author is going to explore the topic of gender and resistance in language translation based on her first experience as a translator. Working together with Dr. Bannerjee, Coupeuses d’Azur, an epic French anthology written by Mauritian poet Khal Torabully, is well translated. Based on this particular experience, the author first examines the inherent sexist components in the French language in its rules for grammatical gender, which influences French speakers' way of thinking. Furthermore, the author explores how translation practice, and the role of female translator may help change this current. Secondly, this thesis focuses particularly on the creole language and the musicality of poems in the process of translation from the postcolonial perspective. During the translation process,
the author came across many intricacies and nuances, but that’s what made this journey so challenging and rewarding at the same time. To summarize the highlights of this unique learning path, she also depicts her own lived experience in translation
Vivre l’honte et la culpabilité : les immigrant-e-s du Vietnam dans Ru de Kim Thuy
No full text1 online resource (34 p.)Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 33).In Kim Thuy’s award winning novel, RU, the author recalls the individual experiences, strife and victories that created the collective “Boat People” narrative. Through her work in RU, we are able to commemorate the unsung heroes of the Vietnam War and recognize the struggles faced by the Vietnamese Immigrants to North America. Thuy remembers her triumphs and privileges as a Canadian with her roots in Vietnam, while honouring those less fortunate. Thuy’s success, while celebrated throughout her novel, is at once the source for her shame and guilt associated with her privileged life
Une critique littéraire et psychanalytique des protagonistes féminins de l'enfance à la ménopause dans les oeuvres d'Ananda Devi
No full text1 online resource (iv, 51 leaves)Includes abstract in English and French.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).This thesis examines three novels written by award-winning Francophone Mauritian author Ananda Devi. Through her works, Devi enables her readers to get a closer look at the three main stages of life experienced by her female protagonists: childhood, the innocent discovery of a woman’s sexuality; adolescence and young adulthood, which should be the peak of a woman’s sexuality; and menopause, the perceived decrease in a woman’s sexuality. It is evident that the stereotypes are not always the case, and these important stages in a woman’s life may not always go as planned, or as what is considered as socially acceptable. However, all things the women in these novels
experience have an important psychoanalytic value, which contribute directly to the overall significance and literary value.Résumé:
Cette thèse examine trois romans écrits par l’écrivaine francophone mauricienne primée à
plusieurs reprises, Ananda Devi. Toutes les trois étapes de la vie des femmes sont
présentées à travers ses oeuvres: l’enfance, ce qui est une découverte innocente de la
sexualité; l’adolescence, ou la jeunesse, ce qui est le sommet de la sexualité; et la
ménopause, ce qui est la mort de la sexualité. Ce qui est évident dans ces livres c’est que
les stéréotypes de ces étapes de vie ne sont pas toujours la vérité, ni ce qui est considéré
comme acceptable par la société. Néanmoins, tout ce que les femmes éprouvent dans ces
romans apporte une valeur psychanalytique qui contribue directement à la valeur littéraire
et à la signifiance
Water, Sanitation and the Modern City: Colonial and Post-colonial Experiences in Lagos and Mumbai
No full texthuman development, water, sanitation
Crossing Borders: Home and Exile Spaces in Chitra Bannerjee Divakaruni’s The Mistress of Spices
No full textInternational audiencePlace as represented by varied locations is a prominent feature of The Mistress of Spices (1997). Departing from the geographically and culturally defined spaces of home and exile, the novel traces the progress of the main character towards what can conveniently be called "to be at home in one's body"(Mikoška), a psychological condition that the author, nevertheless, perceives as geographically and culturally related. The notions of home and exile are relativized as the protagonist crosses the different and varied borders between the spaces still related to her culture of origin, and while entering each time the next space she undergoes a marked change of her inner condition. India being the culture of origin (and the US the terre d'accueil) for both the author of the novel and for the main character, the work can be studied as belonging to the large part of the corpus of Indian fiction in English where the characters' internal progress is related to leaving one's original space and entering another, and where subsequently the (re-)construction of the Self culminates in a kind of awakening (e.g. in Narayan, Desai, Rushdie). Female characters experience either a full liberation from the bonds of patriarchal culture, which is the case of The Mistress of Spices, or at least an awareness of their condition. This proposal suggests a cultural reading while focusing on the ways in which the borders are constructed in the novel. At the beginning the internal condition of the protagonist is defined by what should have been her home space in terms of culture, nevertheless as she progresses her suffering becomes, due to events that bring with them each a different physical space setting, palpably apparent and consequently her psychological and emotional setting can clearly be interpreted as that of exile. What will be analyzed is the symbolism of the borders between the spaces through which the main character passes in order to reach finally her own home space, i.e. reaching the condition of a self-asserted individual being and a woman
Elements of Magical Realism in the Odyssey of Protagonist in Chithra Bannerjee Divakaruni’s THE MISTRESS OF SPICES
No full textAbstract
This paper defines magical realism and traces its origin. It states how Chitralekha Banerjee Divakaruni has dexterously employed this literary device in her novel The Mistress of Spices. In Divakaruni’s novels, the opposites co-exist but instead of contradicting, they only complement one another. Her vivid and engaging style strongly supports the character development of the protagonists. The coexistence of magical fantasy and the characteristics of hybrid culture with postcolonial or postmodern novelistic devices in her novels and short stories has often led the author to define her writing approach as magical realism. Circumstances are never very easy in any of Divakaruni’s novels or short stories. Tilo plays many roles and keeps on changing her names to befit her roles. This universalizes the complex problem of identity crisis that the Indians try to cope up with, in a foreign land. She has been changing her name from NayanTara as a daughter to Bhagyavati during her stay with the pirates, then to Tilo, and finally Maya when she finds her love. The name Maya is very interesting to note since it means illusion. One can pause and ask whether Maya is real or another illusion created by the author to enhance the magical suspense in the novel or whether it is the newly found identity of Tilo. The name is noteworthy since the novel has magical elements. The name ?Maya? reinforces the theme. KEY WORDS: Magic realism, identity crisis, hybrid culture, metamorphosis
Economic Adversity and Entrepreneurship-led Growth - Lessons from the Indian Software Sector
No full textIt is commonly believed that the business environment in developing countries does not allow productive technology-based entrepreneurship to flourish. In this paper, we draw on the experience of Indian software firms where entrepreneurial growth has belied these predictions. This paper argues that the business models chosen by Indian firms were those that best aligned the country's abundant labour resources and advantages to global demand. Many potentially higher value added opportunities struggled to attain success, but the qualitative value of experimental failures and the capability gaps they exposed was invaluable for collective managerial learning in the industry. Second, the paper also shows that the presence of growth opportunities and the success of firms stimulated institutional evolution to promote entrepreneurial growth. Last we show that the distinctive aggregate contribution of entrepreneurial firms was that they outperformed business houses and multinational subsidiaries in their more productive use of available capital resources whilst achieving similar levels of growth in output and employment. This paper draws upon an earlier shorter paper co-authored with Mike Hobday and titled 'Overcoming Development Adversity: How Entrepreneurs Led Software Development in India'.technology entrepreneurship, institutions and economic development, Indian software, intellectual property rights
Цифровая трансформация в регионах России: оценки и реальность
No full textThe article presents the problem of a comprehensive analysis of the socio-cultural prerequisites that determine the successful or unsuccessful implementation of the program of digitalization of the regions of Russia. A detailed examination of the tools for assessing the level of digitalization on the example of the methods for calculating the Skolkovo “Digital Russia” index and the regional digitalization index by I. V. Groshev and A. A. Krasnoslobodtsev showed their low informative value for understanding the factors leading to the formation of digital inequality in regions. The actuality of the problem is due not only to the need for an adequate assessment of the tools offered as convenient for comparing regions, but also by the following facts. On the one hand, the tasks of digitalization of education are of paramount importance in the framework of the federal development program. On the other hand, their implementation depends both on the local state of educational institutions and on solving a wider range of issues: staff training, providing employment opportunities for graduates, forming the need for highly qualified personnel in the region, etc. The novelty of the work is that the author consider the problem of studying the digital inequality of the regions of Russia with an emphasis on the issue of digitalization of education in the context of the existing regional socio-cultural prerequisites that determine the successful implementation of programs or prevent it. The application of institutional and functional approaches is of particular research interest, these approaches allow us to study the existing socio-cultural prerequisites in the regions as factors of stratification of Russian society that strengthen or weaken social inequality in the context of the development of a digital society. The author concludes that the solution of the problem of a comprehensive assessment of the socio-cultural prerequisites of the regional level of digitalization requires a detailed multi-factor analysis on a specific problem and direction of digitalization. The comparison of such data requires separate consideration of the indicators of socio-economic, demographic, and institutional development of the regions.В статье представлена проблема комплексного анализа социокультурных предпосылок, обусловливающих успешную или неуспешную реализацию программы цифровизации регионов России. Детальное рассмотрение инструментов оценки уровня цифровизации на примере методик расчета индекса «Цифровая Россия» Сколково и индекса цифровизации регионов И. В. Грошева, А. А. Краснослободцева показало их низкую информативность для осознания факторов, приводящих к формированию цифрового неравенства регионов. Проблема актуализирована не только необходимостью адекватной оценки инструментов, предлагаемых как удобные для сравнения регионов, но и тем, что задачи по цифровизации образования имеют, с одной стороны, первостепенное значение в рамках федеральной программы развития, а с другой – их выполнение зависит как от локального состояния образовательных учреждений, так и от решения более широкого круга вопросов: подготовки персонала, обеспечения возможностей трудоустройства выпускников, формирования потребности в регионе в высококвалифицированных кадрах и пр. Новизна работы состоит в том, что проблема изучения цифрового неравенства регионов России с акцентуацией на вопросе цифровизации образования рассматривается в контексте региональных социокультурных предпосылок, обусловливающих успешную реализацию программ или препятствующих этому. Особый исследовательский интерес представляет применение институционального и функционального подходов, позволяющих исследовать имеющиеся социокультурные предпосылки в регионах как факторы стратификации российского общества, усиливающие или ослабляющие социальное неравенство в контексте развития цифрового общества. В заключение автор приходит к выводу, что решение задачи по комплексной оценке социокультурных предпосылок регионального уровня цифровизации требует детального многофакторного анализа по конкретной проблеме и направлению цифровизации. Сопоставление таких данных требует отдельного рассмотрения показателей социально-экономического, демографического, институционального развития регионов
Burden of HIV infection and HIV-associated morbidity in Zimbabwean adolescents
No full textThis thesis concerns the clinical epidemiology of HIV infection in Zimbabwean adolescents. Without treatment, there is a very high risk of death in the early years of life in HIV-infected infants. However, in recent years increasing numbers of adolescents have been presenting to health care services with symptomatic HIV infection and with features suggesting longstanding disease. Population-based surveys in Southern Africa have shown HIV prevalence rates among older children and adolescents to be much higher than would be anticipated if HIV-infants were not surviving early childhood. The burden and spectrum of HIV-associated morbidity among adolescents was investigated with two studies at secondary and primary care level, respectively. The main finding was of an extremely high prevalence of HIV infection at both levels of the health system, with HIV infection being the single most common cause of hospital admission and death among adolescents. Mother-to-child transmission was the most likely source of HIV infection in the majority, suggesting a substantial epidemic of older survivors of vertical HIV infection. Other countries with severe HIV epidemics may be experiencing a similar trend as their HIV epidemics mature. The lack of awareness of the possibility of survival to older childhood and adolescence with maternally-acquired, untreated HIV infection results in many missed opportunities for diagnosis, with HIV infection frequently not diagnosed until presentation with a severe HIV-related illness. The median CD4 count in 3 HIV-infected adolescents in primary care was 350cells/µl compared to a median CD4 count of 151cells/µl among hospitalised adolescents, suggesting that HIV testing in primary care identifies HIV-infected adolescents at an earlier stage of infection. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in primary care was highly acceptable to adolescents and guardians. Provision of care has been adversely affected by under-appreciation of the numbers of surviving adolescents living with HIV, and the special needs of this age-group have not been distinguished from those of younger children. Young people who have acquired HIV perinatally are stigmatised by society who assume they must have acquired it through "bad" behaviour themselves, since it is not widely appreciated that long-term survival following vertical infection is possible. Immediate priorities are earlier diagnosis of HIV infection and improved management of HIV-infected adolescents. Possible areas of intervention are discussed in the final chapter. Similar studies are needed in neighbouring countries to investigate the generalisability of these findings
Outcomes for efavirenz versus nevirapine-containing regimens for treatment of HIV-1 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
No full textINTRODUCTION: There is conflicting evidence and practice regarding the use of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We systematically reviewed virological outcomes in HIV-1 infected, treatment-naive patients on regimens containing EFV versus NVP from randomised trials and observational cohort studies. Data sources include PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and conference proceedings of the International AIDS Society, Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, between 1996 to May 2013. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic, and subgroup analyses performed to assess the potential influence of study design, duration of follow up, location, and tuberculosis treatment. Sensitivity analyses explored the potential influence of different dosages of NVP and different viral load thresholds. RESULTS: Of 5011 citations retrieved, 38 reports of studies comprising 114 391 patients were included for review. EFV was significantly less likely than NVP to lead to virologic failure in both trials (RR 0.85 [0.73-0.99] I(2) = 0%) and observational studies (RR 0.65 [0.59-0.71] I(2) = 54%). EFV was more likely to achieve virologic success than NVP, though marginally significant, in both randomised controlled trials (RR 1.04 [1.00-1.08] I(2) = 0%) and observational studies (RR 1.06 [1.00-1.12] I(2) = 68%). CONCLUSION: EFV-based first line ART is significantly less likely to lead to virologic failure compared to NVP-based ART. This finding supports the use of EFV as the preferred NNRTI in first-line treatment regimen for HIV treatment, particularly in resource limited settings
