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Diversification of the white-toothed shrews of the genus Crocidura (Insectivora: Soricidae) in East and Southeast Asia.

Author: Motokawa M;HT Yu;Harada M
Publication venue
Publication date: 2010
Field of study

Uropsilus fansipanensis Bui & Okabe & Le & Nguyen & Motokawa 2023, sp. nov.

Author: Okabe Shinya
Bui Hai Tuan
Le Linh Tu Hoang
Nguyen Ngan Thi
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 28/08/2023
Field of study

Uropsilus fansipanensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6C15FBA6-D73B-44A0-A72F-0C326F92EB51 Holotype. IEBR-M-8101 (field number Motokawa 837), an adult male, from Mount Fansipan, Hoang Lien National Park, close to the 2900-m camping station (22°18.804 N and 103°45.92 E), Lao Cai Province, Vietnam collected by Masaharu Motokawa on May 1, 2022, deposited in the Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi. Skull was extracted. The body was preserved in 70% ethanol as a wet specimen. Paratype. IEBR-M-8102 (field number Motokawa 914), an adult male, from Mt. Fansipan, Hoang Lien National Park, along the Tram Ton–Fansipan peak trail (22°18.783 N and 103°45.92 E), Lao Cai Province, Vietnam, collected by Shinya Okabe on May 5, 2022, deposited in the IEBR. Skull was extracted. The body was preserved in 70% ethanol as a wet specimen. Diagnosis. Medium-sized shrew mole. Body bicolor, dorsum lightly reddish-brown and venter dark gray, but the separation between the dorsum and venter is not obvious. The tip of the fur on the back reddish-brown, and the rest is gray. The tail uniformly dark gray, long, slender, and covered with small scales arranged in rings; gradually darken from base to tip. Short bristle hairs sparsely covering the tail from the base to the tip, and longer at the tip of the tail. The mastoid process developed sideways and pointed out. The interorbital region broad and parallel. The zygomatic arch stouter. The foramen magnum very large. The lacrimal foramen well developed and much larger than the infraorbital foramen. The orbital process oriented upwards anteroposteriorly. Dental formula I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3 = 38 including teeth of I1, I2, C1, P1, P2, P3, P4, M1, M2, M3 / i2, c1, p1, p2, p3, p4, m1, m2, m 3 in the dentition. The buccal view of the upper fourth premolar (P4) triangular shape. The lower third premolar (p3) large in size. The lower first and third premolars (p1 and p3, respectively) approximately the same size. The lower canine (c1) larger than p1. Description of holotype. Adult male, medium-sized shrew mole with a total length of 140.0 mm and a body mass of 8.0 g (Fig. 2). The reddish-brown dorsal pelage distinct from the dark gray ventral pelage. The tail dark gray, its length (62.5 mm) slightly more than 80% of the head-body length (77.5 mm). Nose elongated with nostrils facing outwards; snout bicolored, upper part dark gray and lower part yellowish. The pinna protrudes (E 8.51 mm) covered by sparse gray hair. Limbs covered with scales down to the toes with long, sharp, and opaque claws; forefoot short but fat (FF1 = 8.66 mm, FF2 = 9.66 mm); hindfoot long and slender (HF1 = 13.41 mm, HF2 = 15.16 mm), and the four limbs have the same color as the tail, with small black speckled scales. The small eyes, barely noticeable under the fur. The skull (Fig. 3) long, and pyriform shaped with a short rostrum and a rounded braincase; palate relatively broad and possessing a sudden edge at the posterior end; pterygoid region deeply set; temporal ridges recognizable and converge in an X-shape; squamosal arm of the zygomatic arch sturdy; orbit locating at the midpoint of the skull; squamous processes sharp; bullae incomplete; pterygoid processes pointed saw-shaped; lacrimal foramen well developed and much larger than the infraorbital foramen; orbital process oriented upwards anteroposteriorly (Fig. 4). The mandible long and slender; coronoid process sharp and rear-facing crest; masseteric fossa arachnoid. Dental formula I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3 = 38 including teeth of I1, I2, C1, P1, P2, P3, P4, M1, M2, M3 / i2, c1, p1, p2, p3, p4, m1, m2, m 3 in the dentition (Fig. 3). The upper first incisor (I1) taller than the second incisor (I2); both I1 and I2 lingually concave; the upper canine (C1) slightly larger than the upper first premolar (P1); the upper third premolar (P3) small and the smallest tooth in the upper tooth row. The remaining upper premolars are shown from larger size to smaller size in the following order: upper fourth premolar (P4), upper second premolar (P2), and P1. The upper first molar (M1) larger than the upper second molar (M2); length and width of M1 are almost equal, and the same was observed in M2. The lower first incisor absent; the lower first and third premolars (p1 and p3, respectively) approximately the same size; the lower canine (c1) larger than p1; the lower second molar (m2) possesses a large concavity on its lingual side and protoconids from m2 is the highest cusp in the lower toothrow. Variation. The discoloration of the scales at the base of the tail showed substantial variation between the holotype and the paratype; the latter is strongly discolored. This is probably because the paratype is older than the holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet “ fansipanensis ” refers to the type locality of the new species, Mt. Fansipan. We suggest “Fansipan shrew mole” and “Chuột ch&utilde;i vòi phan-xi-pan” for the common names in English and Vietnamese, respectively. Ecological notes. U. fansipanensis was found in a dwarf mountain forest on Mt. Fansipan, at an elevation of approximately 2800–2900 m. The surrounding habitat was grassy with shrubs on a thick and moist humus layer close to a small bamboo forest and a travel trail. During the field survey in May, which corresponds to the end of spring in northern Vietnam, the daily temperature fluctuates from 1 to 20°C, and sometimes rain occurs (Fig. 5A). Distribution. U. fansipanensis is presently known only from the type locality in Mt. Fansipan, Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province, northwestern Vietnam (Figs. 5B, 6). Comparisons (measurements are in mm). All members of Uropsilus have a primary coloration of brown dorsal and gray ventral fur, while they differ in terms of their tail color. U. fansipanensis, U. soricipes, U. gracilis, U. andersoni, and U. atronates have a uniformly colored tail. On the other hand, U. investigator, U. nivatus, U. aequodonenia, and U. dabieshanensis have a bicolor tail, with the upper part being darker than the underside (Table 2; Liu et al. 2013; Wan 2015; Hu et al. 2021). U. fansipanensis overlaps basic external morphological measurements with most of the other species of Uropsilus (Table 3). Nevertheless, it has a longer tail (T: 61.0–62.5) and hindfoot (HF: 13.41–13.57) than U. dabieshanensis (T: 52.4–54.1, HF: 12.8–12.9), and a shorter tail than U. aequodonenia (T: 67–73). U. fansipanensis shows overlap in most cranial measurements (Table 4) with U. soricipes, U. nivatus, and U. atronates, except a slightly larger anterior labial margin of the second upper molars than U. nivatus and U. atronates (M2-M2: 6.36–6.40 vs. 6.15–6.35 vs. 5.95–6.3). Nevertheless, it can be distinguished in several cranial measurements from the other five Uropsilus species as detailed below. U. fansipanensis has smaller upper toothrow length (UTRL: 9.03–9.07 vs. 9.1–10.7), palatal length (MPL: 9.62–9.75 vs. 9.68–11.2), lower toothrow length (MTRL: 8.30–8.31 vs. 8.43–9.09), mandible length (LM: 13.52–13.77 vs. 14.01–15.00), and braincase height (BH: 6.90–6.91 vs. 7.18–7.6) than U. gracilis. U. fansipanensis has a slightly wider snout (GBSn: 7.39–7.62 vs. 7.13–7.35) and longer mandible length (LM: 13.52–13.77 vs. 11.95–13.42) than U. investigator, while it has a shorter upper toothrow length (UTRL: 9.03–9.07 vs. 9.10–9.80). * The original source did not distinguish between HF1 and HF2. U. fansipanensis has a shorter profile length (PL: 20.4–20.69 vs. 20.65–22.28), shorter upper (UTRL: 9.03–9.07 vs. 9.25–9.95) and lower (MTRL: 8.30–8.31 vs. 8.49–9.07) toothrow length than U. andersoni. U. fansipanensis has a shorter profile length (PL: 20.4–20.69 vs. 20.75–22.03), basal length (BL: 16.62–16.98 vs. 16.70–17.86), and palatal length (MPL: 9.62–9.75 vs. 9.80–10.31) than U. aequodonenia. U. fansipanensis has a shorter profile length (PL: 20.4–20.69 vs. 21.11–21.76), shorter basal length (BL: 16.62– 16.98 vs. 17.59–17.98), shorter palatal length (MPL: 9.62–9.75 vs. 10.08–10.32), shorter mandible length (LM: 13.52–13.77 vs. 14.47–15.09), shorter lower toothrow length (MTRL: 8.30–8.31 vs. 8.40–8.79), a narrower snout (GBSn: 7.39–7.62 vs. 7.94–8.78), narrower greatest width across the upper second molars (M2-M2: 6.36–6.40 vs. 6.85–7.04), and higher braincase height (BH: 6.90–6.91 vs. 6.57–6.84) than U. dabieshanensis. Moreover, U. fansipanensis is distinguishable from all other Uropsilus species by the orientation of its orbital process (Fig. 4; Table 2). Specifically, the orbital process in U. fansipanensis is oriented upwards posteriorly, whereas in the other eight species, it is oriented downwards (Fig. 4). Lacrimal foramen and infraorbital foramen are separated by the orbital process, and the development of lacrimal foramen is an important morphological character distinguishing the genus Uropsilus from other genera of the family Talpidae (Hutchison 1968; Motokawa 2004). U. fansipanensis has a well-developed lacrimal foramen much larger than the infraorbital foramen, whereas the other eight species have lacrimal foramen smaller or similar in size to the infraorbital foramen (Fig. 4). U. fansipanensis has 38 teeth in total, similar to U. gracilis, U. investigator, U. nivatus, U. atronates, and U. dabieshanensis in lacking i3, while different from U. soricipes (34 teeth, it lacks P3, i3, and p3), U. aequodonenia (36 teeth, it lacks P3 and p3), and U. andersoni (38 teeth, it lacks p3) (Table 2; see Thomas 1912). U. fansipanensis is characterized by the size of p3, which is well-developed and approximately equal to the lower first premolar (p1). In contrast, p3 is smaller than p 1 in U. gracilis, U. investigator, U. nivatus, U. atronates, and U. dabieshanensis (Table 2). Additionally, U. fansipanensis is distinguished from U. gracilis and U. atronates by having c1 larger than p1, while these characteristics are shared with the remaining six species (Table 2; Allen 1923).Published as part of Bui, Hai Tuan, Okabe, Shinya, Le, Linh Tu Hoang, Nguyen, Ngan Thi & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2023, A new shrew mole species of the genus Uropsilus (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 59-78 in Zootaxa 5339 (1) on pages 62-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8290254">http://zenodo.org/record/8290254</a&gt

ZENODO

Rhinolophus thailandensis Wu & Harada & Motokawa 2009, sp. nov.

Author: Wu Yi
Harada Masashi
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/12/2009
Field of study

Rhinolophus thailandensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Rhinolophus yunanensis [in partim]; Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 154; Hill, 1986: 15; Yoshiyuki, 1990: 37; Corbet and Hill, 1992: 97; Csorba et al., 2003: 84; Simmons, 2005: 365. Diagnosis The largest species of the pearsoni group of the genus Rhinolophus, with a large skull and long ears. Baculum with a basal cone about one-fourth of its length; its front part projects out, becoming salient. Anterior swelling is high; the corner of the zygoma projects out on the left and right sides of the skull with a small arc sunk back into the zygoma on both sides. Second lower premolar (PM 3) is present, but is very small and outside the tooth row, with a small diastema between both PM 2 and PM 4. Etymology Rhinolophus thailandensis is named after the country of the type locality: ‘ Thailand.’ Holotype Adult male, KUZ-M5000 (original collector’s number 1249) from a cave, Doi Chang Kiang, Chiang Mai, Thailand, at an altitude of 1,790 m, collected on 2 February 1982 by Masashi Harada, Songsakdi Yenbutra, Preecha Nunpakdee, and Niphan Ratanawarabhan. Holotype has been preserved in alcohol, with the skull extracted, and is deposited in the Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto, Japan. Measurements of the holotype (in mm) are as follows: FA 60.39, HB 64.56, TL 24.33, HF 14.15, Tibia 30.02, Ear 29.11, CCL 24.80, IOW 2.90, ZW 14.09, BW 11.44, MW 12.45, UCCW 7.43, UMMW 10.52, UCML 11.41, ML 19.59, and LCML 12.13. Paratypes Six adult males and two adult females: NSMT- M28581, &female;; 28799, &female;; 28800, &male;; 28801, &male;; 28802, &male;; 28803, &male;; 28804, &male;; and 28805, &male;, from a cave, Doi Inthanon, Chom Thong, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 18°35’N, 98°29’E, collected on 2 September 1987 by Mizuko Yoshiyuki, Preecha Luecha, Lakkhana Boonliang, Punya Saengmala, and Prasarn Bangplub (reported as ‘ R. yunanensis ’ by Yoshiyuki, 1990). All of the specimens were preserved in dry skin, with the skulls extracted, and are deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan. Other Specimen Examined One adult female deposited in the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Bangkok, Thailand. Collecting data are the same as the holotype. This specimen is used only for karyological analysis in this study and has been reported by Harada et al. (1985). Description of the Species The largest species (FA 56.22–61.16 mm) of the pearsoni group, with the longest ears, measuring 29.11–32.00 mm (Table 1). Noseleaves are typical for the pearsoni group. Anterior noseleaf covering the muzzle, with a short gap in the middle between the left and right leaves. Secondary noseleaf absent. Connecting process arc, originating below the apex of the sella, and falling down. Height of sella (6.42 mm) is longer than its width, pagoda-shaped, with a narrow upper part (2.70 mm), and wider base (3.78 mm). Fur (based on fluid-preserved body of the holotype) from the dorsal aspect; hairs in mid- dorsal region measure approximately 12.44 mm; hair bases are whitish, pale, tips are buffy brown to deep brown; those on nape of shoulders are darker. Ventrally, hairs are short, 8.97 mm in mid-ventral region, and almost the same length on the flanks and outer aspects of the throat. Hair bases are grey, onethird of tips are buffy brown. Membranes are uniform, slightly dark brown. Third metacarpal is shortest, the fourth of medium length, and the fifth is longest. Skull (Fig. 1) is the largest (CCL 22.86–24.80 mm) in the pearsoni group and has a higher anterior swelling, with two bulbous swellings in the top. The corner of the zygoma projects out and is salient on both the left and right sides of the skull, with a small arc sunk back on both sides. Teeth are large in the ventral view. The first upper premolar (PM 2) is small but present, the second lower premolar (PM 3) is present with a distinct cusp between PM 2 and PM 4 (Fig. 1), but is very small and outside the tooth row. Baculum (Fig. 2) are similar in general outline to that of the pearsoni group. The basal cone is not very large and strong compared to the others; the shaft is roughly cylindrical. The total length of the baculum is 4.02 mm, and the width is 0.25 × 0.45 mm. The width of the basal cone is 1.09 × 1.14 mm. The tip of the shaft is narrowly rounded off, with lateral widening. The basal cone about one-fourth the length of the baculum length, with a width four times the shaft width, and a projecting front. Karyotype The karyotype of R. thailandensis was reported to be 2 n = 60, FN = 64 as ‘ R. yunanensis ’ based on two specimens by Harada et al. (1985). The holotype is one of the specimens reported by Harada et al. (1985). Autosomes consist of two metacentric, one submetacentric, and 26 acrocentric pairs, and the X and Y chromosomes are subtelocentric and acrocentric, respectively (Harada et al., 1985 — Fig. 3). One autosomal pair of acrocentric chromosomes (no. 14) has secondary constrictions adjacent to the centromere. Comparisons Rhinolophus thailandensis belongs to the pearsoni group in the genus Rhinolophus, according to a key provided by Csorba et al. (2003): that is, it is documented from outside the Palaearctic region (key no. 10), and from the Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australian regions (24); its sella lacks lateral basal lappets (26); its connecting process is rounded, not pointed (32), and is usually better developed, and the tip is pointed more or less forward; its zygomata are more robust, and medio-laterally flattened (34); its connecting process forms a continuous arch or obsolete (35); its lower lip has one mental groove; and the internarial region is not expanded (36). The pearsoni group thus includes four species: R. thailandensis, R. yunanensis, R. pearsoni, and R. chiewkweeae. Rhinolophus thailandensis differs from the other three species of the pearsoni group and is the largest species of this group, as expressed in greater values for FA: R. thailandensis compared with R. yunanensis from Yunnan and Sichuan, R. pearsoni from Sichuan and Thailand (Table 1), and R. chiewkweeae (56.1 ± 0.81: Yoshiyuki, 2005). Also, the ear length of R. thailandensis is much greater than R. yunanensis from Yunnan and Sichuan; R. pearsoni from Sichuan and Thailand (Table 1); and R. chiewkweeae (25.0 ± 0.76: Yoshiyuki, 2005). The sella of R. thailandensis is similar to R. pearsoni, but it differs from those of all species of the pearsoni group by its larger size (13.35 × 10.54 mm [width × height] for the holotype) compared with 10.56 (10.02–11.09 in range, n = 3) × 8.50 (8.19– 8.89, n = 3) in R. yunanensis from Sichuan and 10.19 (9.73–10.83, n = 10) × 8.92 (8.04–9.29, n = 10) in R. pearsoni from Sichuan. Rhinolophus thailandensis is further distinguished from the other species of the pearsoni group in skull characteristics, as follows: (1) anterior median swellings width in dorsal view — AMSW, following the definition by Csorba et al. (2003) — is 4.66 mm and greater than R. yunanensis (4.06); (2) the corners of the zygoma project out on the left and right sides of the skull (as shown in greater ZW) and have a small arc sunk back on both sides, but the ZW is smaller and the sunken arc is not clearly seen in R. yunanensis; (3) teeth are larger in ventral view, as shown in the greater UMMW (Table 1). The baculum of R. thailandensis has a very long, but not very strong, basal cone compared with the bacula of R. yunanensis and R. pearsoni. The basal cone is about one-fourth of the baculum length, instead of one-half in R. yunanensis and one-third in R. pearsoni. The entire shaft is roughly cylindrical, and its basal cone width is about four times the shaft width in ventral view, versus nine times in R. yunanensis and 8.5 times in R. pearsoni, and the front part is salient in the lateral view in R. thailandensis, whereas it projects out on the back part in R. yunanensis. In the PCA of nine cranial characters, the first and second principal component axes explained 71.7 and 10.5% of the total variation, respectively. In the first axis, all variables showed positive loading (CCL 0.364, IOW 0.175, ZW 0.360, MW 0.356, UCCW 0.309, UMMW 0.331, UCML 0.372, ML 0.336, and LCML 0.352). In the second axis, IOW (positive, 0.826) and UCCW (negative, -0.389) showed relatively large loading (for others, CCL -0.020, ZW 0.187, MW 0.147, UMMW 0.071, UCML -0.150, ML -0.015, and LCML -0.285). In the first axis (Fig. 4), individual scores were large in R. thailandensis and small in R. pearsoni from Thailand. In R. yunanensis from Sichuan and Yunnan, individual scores were intermediate and overlapping with those of R. pearsoni. In the second axis, values were smaller in R. pearsoni from Thailand than in R. pearsoni from China. In the twodimensional plots, R. thailandensis and R. yunanensis specimens were completely separated. Plots for R. yunanensis were close and slightly overlapping with R. pearsoni from China. The karyotypes of R. thailandensis (2 n = 60, FN = 64: Harada et al., 1985) and R. yunanensis from Sichuan (2 n = 46, FN = 60: Wu et al., 2006) differ in the number of large metacentric or submetacentric pairs. There is one pair in R. thailandensis and there are seven pairs in R. yunanensis from Sichuan. These karyological differences are distinctive, and major chromosome rearrangements may have occurred between R. thailandensis and R. yunanensis. Distribution Rhinolophus thailandensis currently is represent- ed only by specimens from Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. Future comprehensive examinations of specimens referred to as ‘ R. yunanensis ’ from the entire distribution range, including China and Thailand, as well as northeastern India and northern Myanmar, need to be performed to correctly understand the distribution of R. thailandensis and R. yunanensis.Published as part of Wu, Yi, Harada, Masashi & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2009, Taxonomy of Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with a description of a new species from Thailand, pp. 237-246 in Acta Chiropterologica 11 (2) on pages 238-242, DOI: 10.3161/150811009X485486, http://zenodo.org/record/394452

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Figure 7 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A) anterior half of a right C1, paratype WAM 2020.4.7; (B) lingual view of a right C1 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (C, D) labial and lingual views of a right C1 with a damaged paracone, paratype WAM 2020.4.9. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 169, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, http://zenodo.org/record/794599

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Figure 8 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 8. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A, B, D) lingual, labial and occlusal views of a left P2, paratype WAM 2020.4.8; (C) labial view of the left P2 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (E, G, H) occlusal, lingual-oblique, and posterior views of a damaged left P4, paratype WAM 2020.4.12; (F) occlusal view of a left P4 of M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 170, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, http://zenodo.org/record/794599

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Figure 4 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of holotype and paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A, C, E, G) occlusal, lingual, labial, and labial-oblique views of the left M2 from the holotype WAM 2020.4.1; (B, D, F, H) corresponding views of the left M2 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (I) occlusal view of left M3, paratype WAM 2020.4.11; (J) left M3 of M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 166, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, http://zenodo.org/record/794599

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Figure 6 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A, C) occlusal-oblique views of a right M1, paratype WAM 2020.4.6; (B, D) corresponding views of the right M1 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (E) occlusal view of a fragment of a right M2, paratype WAM 2020.4.10; (F) corresponding view of the right M2 of M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 168, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, http://zenodo.org/record/794599

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Rhinolophus thailandensis Wu Yi, Harada & Motokawa 2009

Author: Burgin Connor
Publication venue
Publication date: 31/10/2019
Field of study

105. Thailand Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus thailandensis French: Rhinolophe deThaïlande / German: Thailand-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Tailandia Other common names: Thai Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. hinolophus thailandensis Wu Yi, Harada & Motokawa, 2009, “ from a cave, Doi Chang Kiang, Chiang Mai, Thailand, at an altitude of 1,790 m.” Rhinolophus thailandensis is included in the pearsonii species group along with R. yunanensis, R. chiewkweeae, and R. pearsonii. The pearsonii group appears to be close to the trifoliatus and hipposideros species groups, although more taxon-inclusive studies are needed to confirm this relationship. It has only recendy been recognized as a species distinct from R.yunanensis. The study in which this species was described included only studied specimens of R.yunanensis from Sichuan and Yunnan, China, and Thailand, identifying each as a distinct species. The rest of the distribution allocated to R.yunanensis has not yet been compared to either taxon, and further studies are needed to identify which populations represent which species. Until then, R. thailandensis is still considered to be restricted to Thailand and probably Cambodia; the rest of the distribution is tentatively attributed to R.yunanensis. Monotypic. Distribution. Known with certainty only from Chiang Mai Province, NW Thailand, although it is probably the species that occurs in NW, W & SE Thailand, including Tarutao I; specimens from Cambodia, found to be intermediate in size between Dobson’s Horseshoe Bat (. yunanensis) and Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat (. pearsonii), are also tentatively included in this species. Descriptive notes. Head—body 63—72 mm, tail 18—24 mm, ear 26- 2—32 mm, hindfoot 11 • 1-15 mm, forearm 56-2-61- 2 mm. Dorsal pelage is buffy to deep brown (hairs whitish or pale at base, with brown tips) and the ventral pelage is a little lighter and grayer (hairs gray based with buffy brown tips). Ears are large. Noseleafhas a long, triangular, straight-sided lancet; connecting process forms a low rounded arch; sella has a wide base that narrows toward the middle, and tapers slighdy toward the dp; horseshoe is wide, covering the whole muzzle, and has a deep and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively long (4 mm long) and has a relatively strong basal cone (weak compared to that of Dobson’s Horseshoe Bat), and a roughly cylindrical shaft; tip is narrowly rounded off and laterally widened. Skull is large and robust (zygomatic width much greater than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are longer than wide (width is greater than in Dobson’s Horseshoe Bat); lateral swellings are much larger than the anterior ones; sagittal crest is strong, especially anteriorly; frontal depression is relatively shallow; supraorbital crests are low but well defined. C1 is strong and well developed; P2 is large and in the tooth row; P3 is moderate in size and more or less extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 60 and FNa = 64 (Thailand). Habitat. Tropical forest. Food and Feeding. Dietary components of 31 fecal pellets comprised mostly Coleoptera (43-2% by volume), Hemiptera (32-0%), and Homoptera (12-3%), although small amounts of Diptera (5-5%), Lepidoptera (3-5%), Ephemeroptera (1-9%), Orthoptera (0-6%), Trichoptera (0-5%), and Hymenoptera (0-3%) were also detected. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Thailand Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves. Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a peak F recorded at 49-50-9 kHz in Thailand, and 53-6 kHz in Cambodia. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCNed List. Until the taxonomy of the Thailand Horseshoe Bat is clarified, the species cannot be fully assessed. Bibliography. Francis (2008), Harada eta/. (1985), Ith, Csorba et al. (2011), Weterings et al. (2015), Wu Yi, Harada & Motokawa (2009).Published as part of Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 331, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.374852

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Figure 9 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 9. Scanning electron micrographs of other unidentified and undescribed bat material recovered from the same deposit at Dingo Gap. (A–D) WAM 2020.4.13; (E–G) right C1 of an emballonurid, WAM 2020.4.14; (H) right C1 of an emballonurid, WAM 2020.4.15; (I, J) left C1 of an emballonurid, WAM 2020.4.16; (K, L) left C1 of an emballonurid, WAM 2020.4.17; (M, N) lingual and occlusal views of a fragment of dentary of a vespertilionid containing M1–M3 (M1 is on the right in both views), WAM 2020.4.18. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 171, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, http://zenodo.org/record/794599

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Figure 5 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Author: Armstrong Kyle N.
Aplin Ken
Motokawa Masaharu
Publication venue
Publication date: 25/11/2020
Field of study

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A) fragment of the right maxilla with alveoli of the C1 and P4, paratype WAM 2020.4.5; (B) palatal fragment of left maxilla with lingual alveoli of P4 and M1, paratype WAM 2020.4.4; (C) detail of the blood vessel fenestrations in paratype WAM 2020.4.4; (D) probable wear striations on the M3, paratype WAM 2020.4.11; (E) wear striations from M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.Published as part of Armstrong, Kyle N., Aplin, Ken & Motokawa, Masaharu, 2020, A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, pp. 161-174 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 72 (5) on page 167, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7945991">http://zenodo.org/record/7945991</a&gt

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