1,721,066 research outputs found
Analytical model for performability evaluation of Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant systems
No full textDesigning systems tolerant to faults is crucial to assure continuity of service for mission critical applications. However, their implementation may be costly and challenging. In this study, analytical models are presented for performance evaluation of systems equipped with Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant consensus protocols. Byzantine Fault Tolerance is particularly compelling, since it can provide a robust consensus mechanism to implement decentralized platforms, like Decentralized Ledger Technology and, notably, blockchains. The performability model is based on continuous-time Markov chains, in which the processes involved follow the exponential distribution. The numerical results presented report an inverse non-linear relation between number of nodes and performability. Performance decreases also as the ratio between break-down rate and repair rate increases
Range Proofs with Constant Size and Trustless Setup
No full textRange proofs are widely adopted in practice in many privacy-preserving cryptographic protocols in the public blockchain. The performances known in the literature for range proofs are logarithmic-sized proofs and linear verification time. In contexts where the proof verification is left to the ledger maintainers and proofs are stored in blocks, one might expect higher transaction fees and blockchain space when the size of the relation over the proof grows. With this paper, we improve Bulletproofs, a zero-knowledge argument of knowledge for range proofs, by modifying its Inner Product Argument (IPA) subroutine. In particular, we adopt a new relation from the polynomial commitment scheme of Halo, based on standard groups and assumptions (DLOG and RO) with a trustless setup. We design a two-step reduction algorithm and we obtain a constant number of two rounds in the IPA and a constant-sized proof composed of 5 G1 points and 2 Zp scalars
Heuristic drone pathfinding over optimized charging station grid
No full textWe proposed a novel optimisation framework for drone-based operations which consists of the optimised Charging Station (CS) grid and the pathfinding heuristics for the drone. The proposed pathfinding heuristics are assessed for two different (triangular and square) CS grid configurations that are optimised for the drone range. We presented the case study of a boat rescue operation that is carried out in the sea. The minimisation of the ‘‘flight distance’’ and ‘‘number of chargings’’ are the objectives for the drone party and the minimisation of the ‘‘average waiting distance’’ (AWD) is the objective for the boat party. We studied the ‘‘single drone with many entities’’ case which is a form of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We presented mathematical analysis and simulation results for the effectiveness of the pathfinding heuristic which we called the ‘‘red-grey path’’ heuristic. A novel and fast TSP heuristic was also proposed as part of the pathfinding heuristics and its performance was assessed
Message from the EEEWSN 2016 Symposium Chairs
No full textWelcome to Crans-Montana and the 3rd International Symposium on Engineering Energy Efficient WSNs (EEEWSN 2016), which is held in conjunction with the 30th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2016) Crans-Montana, Switzerland, March 23-25, 2016.
The purpose of EEEWSN 2016 Symposium is to bring together academics and practitioners from different areas to share ideas and research work in the emerging areas of design, validation, and implementation of energy efficient Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The papers included in the proceedings cover novel languages, designs, and applications of WSNs.
EEEWSN 2016 contains high quality research papers submitted by researchers from all over the world. Each submitted paper was peer-reviewed by reviewers who are experts in the subject area of the paper. Based on the review results, the Program Committee accepted 4 papers.
For organizing an International Symposium, the support and help of many people is needed. First, we would like to thank all authors for submitting their papers. We also appreciate the support from program committee members and reviewers who carried out the most difficult work of carefully evaluating the submitted papers.
The EEEWSN organisation team would like to give its special thanks to the Steering Committee Chairs, the AINA 2016 General Co-Chairs and Program Co-Chairs.
We give special thanks to the workshop organisers: Yann Bocchi, HES-SO, Switzerland; Elis Kulla, Okayama University of Science, Japan and Eric Pardede, La Trobe University, Australia for their support to organize the symposium
CER-CH: Combining Election and Routing Amongst Cluster Heads in Heterogeneous WSNs
Full text linkHeterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are essential to the IoT vision. WSNs implement a virtual layer that can gather data about the real world. WSNs are composed of wireless battery powered devices that can have heterogeneous features related to computational power, memory, and communication capabilities. Because devices are battery powered, gathering data in an energy efficient way is crucial for the lifespan of the network. Clustering is a reasonable solution. This organises the devices into sets (clusters). Each cluster has a cluster head (CH) that gathers data from the nodes belonging to its cluster and communicates with other CHs in order to report data to a centralised base station (BS). This is usually achieved via a CH routing tree that is rooted at the BS. Beside clustering, the rotation in the role of CHs amongst the nodes of the network is a standard means to better distribute energy consumption. In this paper we propose a novel approach (CER-CH) where the CH routing tree definition and the CH rotation are combined together. More precisely, starting from any clustering criteria, we propose a novel rotation heuristic combined with a novel top-down CH routing tree definition in order to balance the node energy consumption and generate more energy efficient CH routing trees. Our experiments show that our rotation strategy enhances on average the network lifespan of 20% when compared to the state of art protocols
NARUN-PC: Caching Strategy for Noise Adaptive Routing in Utility Networks
No full textIn a smart meter network, accounting information are gathered from meters and sent to a collector node. In smart cities, a trade-off between the location of meters and the best quality communication signal is often difficult to achieve for urban restrictions and other transmitted signals. Meters can also be constrained in terms of memory and CPU. This paper proposes NARUN with Path Cache (NARUN-PC), an extension of the Noise Adaptive Routing for Utility Networks (NARUN) for improved performance and routing in a dense mesh utility network. In NARUN, the collector calculates the path with the least noise to reach the destination meter. A weighted network graph that shows the connections among meters is used, where an edge weight defines the corresponding link failure index ranging from one (the link admits no noise) to infinite (the link is broken). No control messages are used to keep the weights updated. Meters report link failure index back to the collector by means of ordinary reading messages. NARUN-PC introduces a caching strategy in NARUN. NARUN-PC can use a previously cached routing path instead of always selecting the best path. NARUN-PC improves NARUN performance in terms of message overhead, failure rate and reading rate
Blockchain Application for Fish Origin Certification
No full textSeafood traceability is essential in order to ensure the required level of quality control and management. However, over recent years different food scandals have damaged customer trust. Seafood is particularly affected by different types of frauds that take place at global scale. Often complex and unclear supply chains lead to misleading labels. These can falsely allow the selling of low value species as high valuable ones. Labels can also contain wrong location information. For instance, false location can be used in order to sell farmed fish as wild one. The problem of label misleading appears to be widely widespread in restaurants. A study over 23 different countries showed that restaurant mislabelling can be as high as 40%. While in general many traceability solutions have failed to meet the needs of food chain stakeholders, blockchain technology seems to be a promising solution. The decentralised and self-regulating blockchain nature can enable secure traceability in complex supply chains without the need of a centralised trusted party. Traceability data can be stored inside the blockchain which ensures high integrity, reliability and immutability. In this paper we describe a novel fish traceability system (CERTFish) that integrates in a novel way secure digital tags, blockchain technology, IoT tamper proof devices, location and time information. CERTFish ensures wild fish origin authentication and certifies the fish from the catch, throughout its conservation and transportation till the final customers at the restaurant. CERTFish has been validated in a real case study scenarios in order to certify the origin of a special type of anchovies from a specific Mediterranean area
3rd Distributed Ledger Technology Workshop
No full textThis book contains the contributions which were selected for publication at the third edition of the Distributed Ledger Technology Workshop (DLT 2020), which has been held in conjunction with ITASEC20 at Ancona, on February 4, 2020. This event follows the first two editions of the workshop held at Perugia in 2018 and at Pisa in 2019, respectively, and represents the annual meeting of the Italian DLT group.
The last years have witnessed an impressive and increasing interest around Distributed Ledger Tech- nology. A huge number of application fields, including finance, academics, IoT, industries, just to mention some of the most popular ones, are experiencing the advantages of reliable and unalterable information storage and exchange without any trusted third party. Despite this, several issues are still open and deserve discussion in the scientific and professional community. Among them, a prominent role is played by privacy and security. While some security properties (e.g., countering double spending in cryptocur- rencies) have been extensively studied, other aspects need to be deepened, ranging from software security to scalability, dependability, up to new challenges, like post-quantum blockchains. Similarly for privacy, where the DLT paradigm also has to coexist with current regulations.
The DLT workshops are meant as a forum for researchers, developers, and users to discuss issues related to Distributed Ledger Technology and its adoption in research and business scenarios. The primary goal is to foster discussion and cross-fertilisation of ideas among experts in different fields related to DLTs, and thus advance the national and international state-of-the-art. Research, applications, case studies, and experiences concerning DLT are debated.
Similarly to the previous editions, the DLT 2020 workshop solicited two kind of contributions: re- search papers and oral communications. Both types of contribution entailed an oral presentation at the workshop, but only the former ones are reported in this book. In particular, the workshop accepted 9 research papers and 12 oral contributions.
We would like to express our thanks to the authors who submitted their papers to the workshop, and to the members of the Technical Program Committee for their valuable work in evaluating the submitted papers
3rd Distributed Ledger Technology Workshop
No full textThis book contains the contributions which were selected for publication at the third edition of the Distributed Ledger Technology Workshop (DLT 2020), which has been held in conjunction with ITASEC20 at Ancona, on February 4, 2020. This event follows the first two editions of the workshop held at Perugia in 2018 and at Pisa in 2019, respectively, and represents the annual meeting of the Italian DLT group.
The last years have witnessed an impressive and increasing interest around Distributed Ledger Tech- nology. A huge number of application fields, including finance, academics, IoT, industries, just to mention some of the most popular ones, are experiencing the advantages of reliable and unalterable information storage and exchange without any trusted third party. Despite this, several issues are still open and deserve discussion in the scientific and professional community. Among them, a prominent role is played by privacy and security. While some security properties (e.g., countering double spending in cryptocur- rencies) have been extensively studied, other aspects need to be deepened, ranging from software security to scalability, dependability, up to new challenges, like post-quantum blockchains. Similarly for privacy, where the DLT paradigm also has to coexist with current regulations.
The DLT workshops are meant as a forum for researchers, developers, and users to discuss issues related to Distributed Ledger Technology and its adoption in research and business scenarios. The primary goal is to foster discussion and cross-fertilisation of ideas among experts in different fields related to DLTs, and thus advance the national and international state-of-the-art. Research, applications, case studies, and experiences concerning DLT are debated.
Similarly to the previous editions, the DLT 2020 workshop solicited two kind of contributions: re- search papers and oral communications. Both types of contribution entailed an oral presentation at the workshop, but only the former ones are reported in this book. In particular, the workshop accepted 9 research papers and 12 oral contributions.
We would like to express our thanks to the authors who submitted their papers to the workshop, and to the members of the Technical Program Committee for their valuable work in evaluating the submitted papers
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