115 research outputs found
Band, target, and onion patterns in Co(OH)2 Liesegang systems
No full textThe study of morphology and shape development has gained considerable interest in certain sciences, notably biology and geology. Liesegang experiments producing Co(OH)2 stratification are performed here, in one, two, and three dimensions for comparison of the pattern morphologies. We obtain well-resolved bands in one dimension, target patterns (rings) in two dimensions, and onion patterns (spherical shells) in three dimensions. The morphological characteristics of the various patterns (spacing coefficients, rate of growth of ring spacing with distance) were measured. The spacing ratio of the strata in the different spatial dimensions was found to be anticorrelated with the surface-to-volume ratio of the gel domain. Some studies featuring the importance of morphology in Liesegang systems are briefly surveyed. © 2011 American Physical Society.Antal T, 1998, J CHEM PHYS, V109, P9479, DOI 10.1063-1.477609; Badr L, 2009, J PHYS CHEM A, V113, P6581, DOI 10.1021-jp8094984; Ball P., 2009, NATURES PATTERNS T 1; Bena I, 2008, PHYS REV LETT, V101, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.101.075701; BOUDREAU AE, 1995, MINER PETROL, V54, P55, DOI 10.1007-BF01162758; Dhar NR, 1925, KOLLOID Z, V37, P2, DOI 10.1007-BF01436228; Droz M, 1999, J CHEM PHYS, V110, P9618, DOI 10.1063-1.478927; Fialkowski M, 2005, PHYS REV LETT, V94, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.94.018303; FLICKER M, 1974, J CHEM PHYS, V60, P3458, DOI 10.1063-1.1681560; Henisch H., 1988, CRYSTALS GELS LIESEG; Jablczynski C. K., 1923, B SOC CHIM FR, V11, P1592; KANNIAH N, 1981, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V80, P369, DOI 10.1016-0021-9797(81)90195-8; KANNIAH N, 1984, P INDIAN AS-CHEM SCI, V93, P801; Kravchenko VV, 1999, DOKL AKAD NAUK+, V364, P114; KRISCHER K, 1992, J CHEM PHYS, V96, P9161, DOI 10.1063-1.462226; Krug HJ, 1999, J PHYS CHEM A, V103, P7811, DOI 10.1021-jp991092l; Kruhl J.H, 1994, FRACTALS DYNAMIC SYS; Lagzi I, 2010, J AM CHEM SOC, V132, P58, DOI 10.1021-ja906890v; Liesegang RE, 1914, Z PHYS CHEM-STOCH VE, V88, P1; Liesegang RE, 1939, KOLLOID Z, V87, P57, DOI 10.1007-BF01512213; LIFSHITZ IM, 1961, J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS, V19, P35, DOI 10.1016-0022-3697(61)90054-3; Matalon R., 1955, J COLLOID SCI, V10, P46, DOI 10.1016-0095-8522(55)90076-3; McBirney R., 1979, J PETROL, V20, P487; Morse HW, 1903, Z PHYS CHEM-STOCH VE, V45, P589; Muller SC, 2003, J PHYS CHEM A, V107, P7997, DOI 10.1021-jp030364o; MULLER SC, 1982, SCIENCE, V216, P635, DOI 10.1126-science.216.4546.635; Ortoleva PJ, 1994, GEOCHEMICAL SELF ORG; ORTOLEVA P, 1994, FRACTALS DYNAMIC SYS; Ostwald W, 1900, Z PHYS CHEM-STOCH VE, V34, P495; Packter A, 1955, KOLLOID Z, V142, P109, DOI 10.1007-BF01512545; Pan CW, 2009, PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS, V11, P11033, DOI 10.1039-b904445k; ROSS J, 1995, J PHYS CHEM-US, V99, P10417, DOI 10.1021-j100025a051; SADEK S, 2001, PRECIPITATION PATTER, pCH1; Sattler R, 1997, ANN BOT-LONDON, V80, P571, DOI 10.1006-anbo.1997.0474; Shapiro J, 1997, BACTERIA MULTICELLUL; Shreif Z, 2004, PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS, V6, P3461, DOI [10.1039-b404064c, 10.1039-b404074c]; STERN KH, 1967, BIBLIO LIESEGANG RIN; Stoneham M, 2007, REP PROG PHYS, V70, P1055, DOI 10.1088-0034-4885-70-7-R02; Sultan R, 2000, CHEM PHYS LETT, V332, P331, DOI 10.1016-S0009-2614(00)01200-8; Sultan R, 1996, J PHYS CHEM-US, V100, P16912, DOI 10.1021-jp960958+; TURING AM, 1952, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V237, P37, DOI 10.1098-rstb.1952.0012; Vanag VK, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P835, DOI 10.1126-science.1064167; Wolff J, 2004, J PHYS CHEM B, V108, P14282, DOI 10.1021-jp049801524
Inhibition of Carrageenan-Induced Cutaneous Inflammation by PPAR Agonists Is Dependent on Hepatocyte-Specific Retinoid X Receptor Alpha
No full textIt has been proposed that PPAR-dependent, accelerated catabolism
of proinflammatory mediators may contribute to the fast resolution
of inflammation. Because retinoid X receptors are obligate
heterodimer partners of PPARs, we investigated the impact of
deleting hepatocyte-specific RXRα on the antiedema effect
of PPAR agonists. In wild-type mice (WT), pretreatment
with the PPARα
agonist perfluorooctanoic acid diminished
carrageenan-induced paw edema by 66±10%. This effect was
essentially absent (13±8%) in hepatocyte-specific
RXRα-deficient mice. Similarly, pretreatment of
WT mice with the PPARδ
agonist L-783483 or the
PPARγ
agonist L-805645 caused 54±1% and
38±8%
reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema,
respectively. These effects were also significantly diminished or
absent in hepatocyte-specific RXRα-deficient mice. In
contrast, aspirin reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema equally in
WT and hepatocyte-specific RXRα-deficient mice.
The identification of RXRα as an important factor involved
in the antiedema effect produced by agonists of the three PPAR
subtypes is a significant achievement towards the goal of
designing novel, effective anti-inflammatory drugs
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