4 research outputs found
Legal Nature and Protection of Domain Names with Emphasis on Iranian Law
No full text166-174<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">One of the main questions about domain names is whether
they are property rights and therefore governed by property rules or
contractual rights to which the general rules of contract law apply? In Iran,
domain names may be simultaneously, property and contractual rights. Domain
names may be intellectual property at the same time e.g. where they are
registered as trademark but this does not mean that they are intellectual
property in themselves. IRNIC, the .ir ccTLD manager in Iran, has adopted a
number of documents to regulate.ir domain names. The gTLD domain holders must
respect the
ICANN rules. However, it is recommended that the Iranian legislator passes a
specific law to deal with all aspects of domain names.</span
Grant-back Clauses in Patent Licensing Agreements
No full textNowadays, grant-back clauses are one of the most important conditions in patent licensing agreements. These conditions have beneficial impact on competition and anti-competitive behaviour that require special attention by competition law. In America, the provisions that were previously considered illegal are now assessed in accordance with rational criteria and as a part of the contracts.The illegality of these provisions may lead to the illegality of the contract. In Europe, only exclusive grant-backs are subject to an individual assessment, and not as a part of more global contract.Other conditions of the contract areexempt from general prohibition considered in Article 101 of European Treaty. In Iranian law, these provisionsare new issues which can be justified by the concept of reasonableness and the general rules of contracts. This condition does not specifically mention in General Policies of Implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution. It is forbidden if it is regarded as an unfair term oras an abusive of dominant economic conditions
On the impact of using smart boards on improving EFL learners' motivation and learning of phrasal verbs
No full textBackground and Objective:One of the new developments in educational technology that is currently widely used in classrooms to increase students' learning and motivation is the smart board. Smart board is an educational tool that allows computer images to be displayed using video projector on the board. The teacher can then use his/ her finger as a mouse to directly manipulate and copy items on the board on the screen. The speaker can save the presented content. The smart board's technology capabilities and accompanying software encourage students to immerse themselves deeply in the educational content and to move forward step by step with high motivation with the teacher in order to learn the content of the lesson. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of this tool is understandable and its effectiveness can be revealed by further research.The use of smart boards in teaching English as a foreign language has been of much concern to English language teachers since a couple of years ago. However, the impact of smart boards on learning phrasal verbs and attitudes of Iranian learners of English language has not been appropriately investigated. Methods: The present study aimed at investigating the impact of smart boards on learning phrasal verbs and motivation of language learners for learning a foreign language. In doing so, 30 EFL learners at a high school in Khoramshahr were selected through convenience sampling. They received instruction on phrasal verbs through smart board within 8 weeks. The participants' scores on pretest, posttest, and follow up tests on motivation and phrasal verbs were submitted to two different repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the participants' scores on pretest and posttest of both phrasal verbs and motivation test. Therefore, it could be argued that the use of small boards can significantly contribute to the learners' motivation and learning of phrasal verbs. Conclusion: Smart boards as a tool have great potential to increase teachers 'educational performance and learners' educational achievements, and ultimately improve student achievement. However, the claim that the student's success can be automatically increased using this technology may be incorrect. Therefore, teachers need to think carefully about how to use this tool. Due to the spatial limitations of this research, its replication research in other schools may have different results. Therefore, the results may not be generalized to all high school students and other areas. The duration of this study was only eight sessions, which seems to be a limited time. In addition, the participants were high school seniors, and other high school levels were not considered, and only female students were recruited in the study. As a result, choosing a larger sample size consisting both male and female students can increase the validity of the results. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. ====================================================================================
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LICENSES AND ASSIGNMENTS IN IRANIAN LAW: FROM TRADITIONAL RULES OF CONTRACT LAW TO NEW NECESSITIES OF MODERNISATION
No full textAssignments and licenses of intellectual property rights have become very common and important in the Iranian economy. Due to this development, the legal system needed to undergo reforms to cater to the specific characteristics of these types of contracts. To achieve this, the Iranian legislator has attempted to provide a number of articles in the main laws concerning intellectual property agreements. Two bills concerning industrial property and literary and artistic property have been drafted which include several provisions in this regard. This descriptive-analytical article intends to introduce licenses and assignments of intellectual property rights in Iran and explain the rules applicable to them in order to provide a basis for further studies on this topic. The findings of this study show that the attempts made by the Iranian legislators to regulate the assignments and licenses of intellectual property rights, although valuable, are not perfect and thus, it is recommended that specific provisions are enacted to deal with different aspects of those contracts. Until the legislator takes that step, where necessary, such contracts are governed by the general rules of traditional contracts which originate from the rich sources of Imamiah jurisprudence and legal doctrine
