182 research outputs found
Implementation of active wireless sensor network monitoring using ZigBee protocol
No full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in enormous applications with
different aspects of modern life due to the extensive services that shorten the time
and reduce the effort with lower cost. Optimum design leads to better performance,
low cost and long network lifetime. The aim of this paper is to design hardware and
implements a flexible and active WSN depending on Arduino Uno and ZigBee for
controlling and communication respectively. The designed network contains three
sensors (lighting, temperature and gas) have been adopted as a sample of sensors
for this network. It has been experimented a multi-hope network to get an efficient
coverage for target building and can be an extension for a large area. Also, the
proposed network is flexible in responding to the user\u27s desire to get the
information on his request or at selected times by the user, or in the case of an
emergency to achieve full controlling of the facility which is under probation. The
results confirm that the proposed network gives the best performance for three
casesfirst when the user need show the building environment at any time in
addition to checking the network activity. Second, the results show that the
network is records the reading of all sensors at a regular period to show the overall
daily and weekly cases of an area under control. Third, the user can set various
thresholds values, to adapt the work of the network to shoot an alarm or enable
self-protection devices
Aspects of the social geography of the province of Sistan/Baluchestan, Iran
Get PDFThe Kordi (Kurd) tribe now living in Iranian Baluchestan would appear to be an offshoot of the far more numerous Kurdish peoples of the north-western Zagros Mountains of Iran-Iraq. The Kordi were settled in their present location possibly in the l6th Century AD, but much more likely in the l8th Century, originally to act as tax-gatherers on behalf of the Shah-in-Shah. For many years they lived as pastoralists (often nomadic), tax gatherers, guardians of the frontier, and by raiding and plunder. Their habitat, round the Kuh-e-Taftan massif (one of the more fertile areas in the extremely arid and topographically difficult region of Baluchestan) allows some agriculture; and since the 1940's especially, the Kordi people have turned increasingly to a settled way of life based on mixed farming - mostly cultivation, with some animal herding. The thesis examines the origins of the Kordi, their geographical environment, social organisation and demography; and considers present and future evolution of this people in a changed and changing Iranian State
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK MONITORING USING ZIGBEE PROTOCOL
No full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in enormous applications with different aspects of modern life due to the extensive services that shorten the time and reduce the effort with lower cost. Optimum design leads to better performance,
low cost and long network lifetime. The aim of this paper is to design hardware and implements a flexible and active WSN depending on Arduino Uno and ZigBee for controlling and communication respectively. The designed network contains three
sensors (lighting, temperature and gas) have been adopted as a sample of sensors for this network. It has been experimented a multi-hope network to get an efficient coverage for target building and can be an extension for a large area. Also, the proposed network is flexible in responding to the user's desire to get the
information on his request or at selected times by the user, or in the case of an emergency to achieve full controlling of the facility which is under probation. The results confirm that the proposed network gives the best performance for three cases; first when the user need show the building environment at any time in addition to checking the network activity. Second, the results show that the
network is records the reading of all sensors at a regular period to show the overall daily and weekly cases of an area under control. Third, the user can set various thresholds values, to adapt the work of the network to shoot an alarm or enable self-protection devices
FPGA implementation of LDPC soft-decision decoders based DCSK for spread spectrum applications
Get PDFSpread spectrum (SS) communications have attracted interest because of their channel attenuation immunity and low intercept potential. Apart from some extra features such as basic transceiver structures, chaotic communication would be the analog alternative to digital SS systems. Differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) systems, non-periodic and random characteristics among chaos carriers as well as their interaction with soft data are designed based on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in this brief. Because of simple structure, and glorious ability to correct errors. Using the Xilinx kintex7 FPGA development kit, we investigate the hardware performance and resource requirement tendencies of the DCSK communication system based on LDPC decoding algorithms (Prob. Domain, Log Domain and Min-Sum) over AWGN channel. The results indicate that the proposed system model has substantial improvements in the performance of the bit error rate (BER) and the real-time process. The Min-Sum decoder has relatively fewer FPGA resources than the other decoders. The implemented system will achieve 10-4 BER efficiency with 5 dB associate Eb/No as a coding gain
Design a Dual Polarizations MIMO Antenna Based on Decoupling Elements for 5G Smart-Phones
Get PDFThis paper suggests a compact linear and circular polarization MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphones. The proposed design can be divided into three parts: Firstly, a linear polarized dipole antenna is presented with dimensions of 1×33.7×32.5mm3 and exhibits an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 3.24GHz ranging from 3.3GHz to 6.6GHz at S11˂-10dB. The second part includes a circular polarization CPW-Fed antenna with dimensions of 1×23.2×30mm3. The IBW of the CPW antenna is more than 4GHz, starting from 3.9GHz to more than 8GHz at an S11˂-10dB. The 3-dB axial ratio for the CP CPW antenna ranges from 4GHz to 7.38GHz. Finally, a combination of LP and CP antennas is presented to form a dual polarization MIMO system. A MIMO system consists of 5 elements; 4 elements are LP and 1 element is a CP antenna. The size of the MIMO system is 1×82.5×150mm3 printed on an FR-4 substrate. Two impedance bandwidths are found due to the use of two antenna types. The first one (S11, S22, S44, S55) equals 3.44GHz while the second (S33) equals 4.33GHz. HFSS is used for designing and simulating the proposed structures, while CST is used for verifying the results
Exploring Text Data Compression: A Comparative Study of Adaptive Huffman and LZW Approaches
No full textData compression is a critical procedure in computer science that aims to minimize the size of data files while maintaining their vital information. It is extensively utilized in Numerous applications, including communication, data storage, and multimedia transmission. In this work, we investigated the results of compressing four different text files with Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression techniques and Adaptive Huffman coding. The experiment used four text files: Arabic and English paragraphs and repeated Arabic and English characters. We measured Bit-rate, Compression Time, and Decompression Time to evaluate the algorithms' performance. With a compression time of around 22 μsec/char, the results demonstrated that the Adaptive Huffman algorithm was quicker at compressing Arabic and English text files. On the other hand, the decompression time for the LZW technique was 23 μsec/char, which was quicker. The Adaptive Huffman algorithm outperforms the LZW with a Bit rate of about 1.25 bits per character for Arabic text. The English-formatted encoded text's Bit rate in Adaptive Huffman was 4.495 bit/char, lower than LZW's Bit rates of 3.363 and 6.824 bit/char for the Arabic and English texts, respectively. When it came to texts containing Arabic and English characters, the LZW algorithm outperformed the Adaptive Huffman algorithm in terms of decompression time and Bit-rate. The decompression time for a text with Arabic letters was 6 μsec/char, and the Bit-rate was 0.717 bits/char. These values were lower compared to the text with English letters, which had a decompression time of 16 μsec/char and a Bit-rate of 1.694 bit/char. For compression time Adaptive Huffman outperform LZW and achieve 15 μsec/char, and 47 μsec/char for both Arabic and English letters files respectively
Wideband Fractal Circular-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Recent Wireless Applications
No full textImproving Indoor Localization System Using a Partitioning Technique Based on RSS and ToA
Get PDFDesigning a localization system for an indoor environment faces more challenges because of multipath and interference problems. In this field, the most important techniques used for such environment, are RSS and ToA which need to be improved especially from more interference because of the huge multipath problems. In this paper, a case study of a selected building is chosen in order to apply the proposed technique of this research. Such proposal is based on the PT of the area in the case study into MZ. Each zone is allocated special values for the parameters used to estimate the target positions. WI package is used to simulate the case study area and apply such proposal based on RSS and ToA. The results confirm that the estimated locations are close to the real locations by the average error of (2.8) meter and (0.192) meter for ToA corresponding one zone and four zones respectively. In contrast, the results of our experiment show that the accuracy is improved from an average error of (2.4) meter and (0.217) meter for RSS corresponding one zone and four zones respectively. Such results confirm that dividing the case study area into more zones leads to more accuracy
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