1,920 research outputs found

    A stochastic minimum principle and an adaptive pathwise algorithm for stochastic optimal control

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    We present a numerical method for finite-horizon stochastic optimal control models. We derive a stochastic minimum principle (SMP) and then develop a numerical method based on the direct solution of the SMP. The method combines Monte Carlo pathwise simulation and non-parametric interpolation methods. We present results from a standard linear quadratic control model, and a realistic case study that captures the stochastic dynamics of intermittent power generation in the context of optimal economic dispatch models.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 1128147)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research Program Grant DE-SC0005171)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research Program Grant DE-SC0003906

    A stochastic multiscale model for electricity generation capacity expansion

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    Long-term planning for electric power systems, or capacity expansion, has traditionally been modeled using simplified models or heuristics to approximate the short-term dynamics. However, current trends such as increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation and increased demand response requires a coupling of both the long and short term dynamics. We present an efficient method for coupling multiple temporal scales using the framework of singular perturbation theory for the control of Markov processes in continuous time. We show that the uncertainties that exist in many energy planning problems, in particular load demand uncertainty and uncertainties in generation availability, can be captured with a multiscale model. We then use a dimensionality reduction technique, which is valid if the scale separation present in the model is large enough, to derive a computationally tractable model. We show that both wind data and electricity demand data do exhibit sufficient scale separation. A numerical example using real data and a finite difference approximation of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is used to illustrate the proposed method. We compare the results of our approximate model with those of the exact model. We also show that the proposed approximation outperforms a commonly used heuristic used in capacity expansion models

    Modeling adaptation as a flow and stock decision with mitigation

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    An effective policy response to climate change will include, among other things, investments in lowering greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), as well as short-term temporary (flow) and long-lived capital-intensive (stock) adaptation to climate change. A critical near-term question is how investments in reducing climate damages should be allocated across these elements of a climate policy portfolio, especially in the face of uncertainty in both future climate damages and also the effectiveness of yet-untested adaptation efforts. We build on recent efforts in DICE-based integrated assessment modeling approaches that include two types of adaptation—short-lived flow spending and long-lived depreciable adaptation stock investments—along with mitigation, and we identify and explore the uncertainties that impact the relative proportions of policies within a response portfolio. We demonstrate that the relative ratio of flow adaptation, stock adaptation, and mitigation depend critically on interactions among: 1) the relative effectiveness in the baseline of stock versus flow adaptation, 2) the degree of substitutability between stock and flow adaptation types, and 3) whether there exist physical limits on the amount of damages that can be reduced by flow-type adaptation investments. The results indicate where more empirical research on adaptation could focus to best inform near-term policy decisions, and provide a first step towards considering near-term policies that are flexible in the face of uncertainty

    Impact of unit commitment constraints on generation expansion planning with renewables

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    Growing use of renewables pushes thermal generators against operating constraints - e.g. ramping, minimum output, and operating reserves - that are traditionally ignored in expansion planning models. We show how including such unit-commitment-derived details can significantly change energy production and optimal capacity mix. We introduce a method for efficiently combining unit commitment and generation expansion planning into a single mixed-integer optimization model. Our formulation groups generators into categories allowing integer commitment states from zero to the installed capacity. This formulation scales well, runs much faster (e.g. 5000×) than individual plant binary decisions, and makes the combined model computationally tractable for large systems (hundreds of generators) at hourly time resolutions (8760 hours) using modern solvers on a personal computer. We show that ignoring these constraints during planning can result in a sub-optimal capacity mix with significantly higher operating costs (17%) and carbon emissions (39%) and/or the inability to meet emissions targets

    George Oliver Webster Correspondence

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    Entries include brief biographical information, a typed letter introducing Webster to the Maine Author collection, and a typed letter from the Maine State Library on receipt of his historical novel Pentagoet for the Maine Author Collection with notice that a description of the book would appear in the Maine Library Association Bulletin

    Historic Webster Vol. 1 No. 3

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    Historic Webster is a newsletter of the Webster Historical Society, Inc., created at the Society’s founding in 1974. The publication helped to serve the Society's mission of collecting and preserving the history of Webster, North Carolina. Webster, established in 1851, was the original county seat for Jackson County.'VOLUME I NUMBER 3 Cook6ook Will Be Ready 9n o lie :Jall A cookbook containing mouthwatering local recipes, pen and ink drawings of Webster, and "Growing Up in Webster" sketches will be on sale in the fall. Tho rocipe book1 which is being compiled by Flo­rence and Joe Parker Rhinehart , will have a hard cover with a color picture of Webster as the dust jacket. Joe Parker estimates that it will have ap­proximately 200 pages, The book will be printed in brown ink on off white paper, and will have a brown cloth cover with a sketch of the former Jackson County courthouse, Original sketches of people and places in Webster will be featured at the beginning of each of the II divisions of the book, as well a throughout the 250 odd recipes. A short history of the town accompanied by a sketch of the courthouse will begin the book, Then, in addition to the delicious recipes, the cookbook will feature character sketches of some of the donating cooks and several "growing Up in Webster" stories written by Webster women of different generations, Mildred Cowan, Mary Morris and other women who grew up in Webster will be contributing their accounts ~ The book will conclude with a feature menu for Christmas dinner with recipes, accompanied by a story about Old Webster at Christmastime, The recipes in the book were collected from cooks in the area by Joe's mother, Kate Rhinehart, Flo­rence Rhinehart will draw the pen and ink sketches. The price of the book has not yet been determined, but it is estimated at 5orless,Ifyouwanttore­servecopies,pleasesendanotetotheHistoricalSocietystatinghowmanycopiesyouwouldlike,Thiswillaidusindetermininghowmanycopestoprint.TheRhinehartshopetohavethecookbookcom­pletedbyOctoberorNovember,TherecipebookisafundraisingprojectoftheWebsterHistoricalSociety,Inc,JoeParkerRhinehart,whogrewupinWebster,andhiswifeFlorence,whocomesfromGeorge­town,Kentucky,nowliveandteachschoolinBethesda,Maryland,Theyhaveworkedwiththehistoricpre­servationandrestorationofMurfreesboro,N.C.wheretheyarerestoringahome..MustachesAndOldClothesAttentionmen!DontforgettoforgettoshavetmmediatelyprecedingJuly41Andwomen!Digoutthoseo.˜timeyclothesormakenewoldclothesfortheFounh!TheFourthofJulypromisestoholdbigexcite­mentforWebster,AbigIndependenceDaycele­brationisbeingplannedbytheHistroicalSociety,whichwillbeheldonthegroundsoftheWebsterSchoolJuly1,5,and6,Everymanattendingtheeventmustwearamus­tacheorbeard,Everywomanmustcomeinahis­toriccostumefromthe19thcentury,Violatorsofthis"law"willbefined5 or less, If you want to re­serve copies, please send a note to the Historical Society stating how many copies you would like, This will aid us in determining how many copes to print. The Rhineharts hope to have the cookbook com­pleted by October or November, The recipe book i s a fund raising project of the Webster Historical Society, Inc, Joe Parker Rhinehart, who grew up in Webster, and his wife Florence, who comes from George­town, Kentucky, now live and teach school in Bethesda, Maryland, They have worked with the historic pre­ser vation and restoration of Mur freesboro, N.C. where they are restoring a home .. Mustaches And Old Clothes Attention men! Don't forget to forget to shave tmmediately preceding July 41 And women! Dig out those o\~.-timey clothes or make new old clothes for the F ounh! The Fourth of July promises to hold big excite­ment for Webster, A big Independence Day cele­br ation is being planned by the Histroical Society, which will be held on the grounds of the Webster School J uly 1, 5, and 6, Every man attending the event must wear a mus­tache or beard, Every woman must come in a his­toric costume from the 19th centur y, Violators of this " law" will be fined 5 or be placed in a make­shift "jail" on the school grounds, . other harpenings at the July event will include board splitt'ng lessons, booths of all sorts, sales of cookies and cakes, old fashioned bonnets, a varied display of mountain cr afts, and of course entertain­ment. If you have suggestions for additional activities at the Independence Day fest, contact Paul and Linda Cowan, co-chairmen of the Special Events. and Pro­jects Comm ;:tee, Webster, North Carolina EDD DOUGLAS DAVIS olie :Jirst Sheriff of ~ackson County Edd Doug Davis, known as Doog Davis, became in 1853 the first sheriff of Jackson County, With the exce~ti.on of the period he lived, while sheriff, in the Jail at Webster, he spent his adult life on his large farm located between Webster and Cullowhee Today this area is called Rolling Green, ' Sher iff ~Alvi s and his wife Nancy Allen, daughter of Nathan Allen of Webster, were the parents of seve~ sons and two daughters" Mro Davis, who died at h~s home August 25, 1911, is buried in the family P!ot m Webster Cemetery along with his sife, two of his sons, Nathan A, and Joe W, and other members of later generations of llivises, The copy of the JACKSON COUNTY JOURNAL from which the article is reprinted, and the tin-type picture of Mr , ~Alvis reproduced here ar e are owned by Cather ine ~Alvis of Big Ridge, Catherine is a granddaughter of Sheriff Doug ~Alvis, The following article was taken from THE JACKSON COUNTY JOURNAL dated January 29 1906 - Webster N,C, - Mr, E, D, ~Alvis ' ' AUTOBIOGRAPHY The author of this article was born in Buncombe County <now Transylvania) Sept, 4, 1827, My father lived where the late George C, Neil lived to the time of his death, on what was then known as Lamb's Cr rek which was a tributary of Fr ench Broad river, It~ head waters were near where llividson's river has its source, with which it ran parallel, but being much smaller, It was then known as Ben llividson's river but of late years the "Ben" has been dropped, Ther e has been a postoffice at this place for more than seventy years" Davidson's River postmaster, Ben .lli vidson, was my great-grandfather. When I attended school the course embraced reading, writing, and arithmetic, My teachers were Turn to page four , , , • ~ ·'We6ster 9s ~ackson County's Hometown" April 1974 A fetter :Jrom the President Dear Friends, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step" and that step in compiling and collecting the history of Jackson County has resulted in 5,000 copies each of three newsletters of the Webster Historic Society; nearly 300 members and 4,000inmem­bershipfunds;countlessinterviews;donationsofitemstotheMuseumforJacksonCountyshistory,AbigthanksisdueMarilynJodyandAliceHarrill.Marilyninitiatedtheproposalforandre­ceivedagrantthroughWesternCarolinaUniversityfromtheAppalachianConsortiumtopublishthenews­letter,establishamuseumandarchives,andproduceaslidesoundnarrativeprogram.AliceHarrillundertheCommunityInternshipprogramatWesternCaro­linaUniversityreceivedfullacademiccreditforthewinterquarteraseditoroftheHistoricWebsternews­letter.SheandMarilynarelargelyresponsibleforspreadingaverycontagiousdiseasecalledenthusiasm.Theyhavespenthundredsofhoursontheroad,onthetelephone,inthenewspaperlayouto!tices,gather­ingmaterialandputtingmanyJacksonCountyresi­dentstowork.Thegrantisspent;theWebsterprojectisonitsown,Thecommitteescontinuegatheringoralhistory,givingprogramsforcivicclubsandschoolsandperpetuatingtheideathatNOWisthetimetosetdownthehistoryofJacksonCountyandwherebetterthanWebster,whichisJacksonCountyshome­town.OnJulylOththeHistoricalSocietywillpay4,000 in mem­bership funds; countless interviews; donations of items to the Museum for Jackson County's history, A big thanks is due Marilyn Jody and Alice Harrill. Marilyn initiated the proposal for and re­ceived a grant through Western Carolina University from the Appalachian Consortium to publish the news­letter, establish a museum and archives, and produce a slide-sound narrative program. Alice Harrill under the Community Internship program at Western Caro­lina University received full academic credit for the winter quarter as editor of the Historic Webster news­letter. She and Marilyn are largely responsible for spreading a very contagious disease called enthusiasm. They have spent hundreds of hours on the road, on the telephone, in the newspaper layout o!tices, gather­ing material and putting many Jackson County resi­dents to work. The grant is spent; the Webster project is on its own, The committees continue gathering oral history, giving programs for civic clubs and schools and perpetuating the idea that NOW is the time to set down the history of Jackson County - and where better than Webster, which is Jackson County's home­town. On July lOth the Historical Society will pay ll3,500 to the Jackson County Board of Education for the old Webster Elementary School because an an idea whose time has come can't help but succeed. The school will become the Jackson County Museum of Living History. The fund-raising committee needs your help with the Webster idea. If you know wher e money is a·.11ilable - from individuals, corporations foundations, etc. - tell us - we'll contact theU.:' Many grants have already been applied for from foun­dations and other sour ces such as the Bicentennial Commission in N.C. and the America the Beautiful Fund, We are hopeful that the County budget for the 1974-75 fiscal year will include a generous donation toward the effort to preserve Jackson County's His­tory, But for many of these potential grants we need non-federal matching funds, ' Th.e next newsletter will be sent only to the mem­bership of the Webster Historical Society, If you have not joined but are "infected by the contagious ~n?'usiasm" as the honorable Hamilton Hayes wrote, JOm. no:v, Send 5,00andcontinuereceivingthispublication,ThensendagenerousdonationtowardthepurchaseoftheWebsterschool,wherewecanhousethehistoryofJacksonCountyandenhancethefutureofthismountainworldwecallhomeThankingyouinadvanceCordially,BettyPriceBecomeaCharterMemberYoucanhelptomakeHistoricWebsterarealitybyjoiningtheWebsterHistoricalSocietybeforeJulyI,1974,andbecomingachartermember,Theclassesofmembershipandduesforeachareasfollows:Active<residentofWesternN.C.):5,00 and continue receiving this publication, Then send a generous donation toward the purchase of the Webster school, where we can house the history of Jackson County and enhance the future of this mountain world we call home Thanking you in advance ' Cordially, Betty Price Become a Charter Member You can help to make Historic Webster a reality by joining the Webster Historical Society before July I, 1974, and becoming a charter member, The classes of membership and dues for each are as follows: Active <resident of Western N.C.): 5.00 yearly Associate (outside Western N.C.): 5.00yearlyContributing:5.00 yearly Contr ibuting: 10.00 yearly Supporting: 20,00yearlySustaining:20,00 yearly Sustaining: 30.00 yearly Life: 100.00Allcontributionsareincometaxdeductible.Page2HISTORICWEBSTERApril1974TheTownofWebster:ThenAndNowForonehundreddollarsthetownsiteofwhatlaterbecameWebster,thecountyseatofJackson,wasboughtinApril,1853,TheindenturesweremadebythecountywithNathanAllenwholivedontheeighteenacretractdesired.Aboutfiveyearslater,anacttoincorporatethetownofWebsterwaspassedbytheGeneralAssembly,BelowisafacsimileofthisactasitappearsintheSessionLawsof18581859,SECTIONI.BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheStateofNorthCarolina,anditisherebyenactedbytheauthorityofthesame,thatthetownofWebsterinthecountyofJackson,beandthesameisherebyincorporatedbythenameandstyleofthe"TownofWebster,"andshallbesubjecttoalltheprovisionscontainedintheonehundredandeleventhchapteroftheRevisedCode,SEC.2,Beitfurtherenacted,thatthecorporatelimitsofsaidtownshallbeasfollows,viz:Beg,inningatthemouthofLovesmillcreek,thenceupsaidcreektoLovesmill,thencenorthonehalfmiletoastake,thencewesttoTuckasegeeriver,thenceupthemeandersofsaidrivertothebeginningpoint.SEC.3.Beitfurtherenacted,thatthisactshallbeinforcefromandafteritsratification.(Rati­fiedthe16thdayofFebruary,1859,)Fromtheoriginalsquaremilecorporatelimits,theboundaries,overtheyears,weresomewhatchanged.TheninMarch1913,theGeneralAssemblyadoptedanacttoamendthecorporatelimitsoftheTownofWebster.Itisasfollows:"SectionI.ThatsectiontwoofchaptersixofthePrivateLawsoftheExtraSessionof1908beandthesameisherebyrepealed,andthereshallbeinsertedinlieutherofthefollowing:"BeginningatthemouthofMingusMillCreelatthesoutheastcornerofJamesDillardsfarmandrunswithhisbeastlinetoJ.W.Laviseastline,thecornerofthecountyhomefarm;thencewiththecountyhomefarmandtheJ.W.LavislinetothebendoftheroadatasmallbranchnearthetownofWebsterandbetweenthetownofWebsterandthetownofSylva,thenceupsaidbranchtoabridgeontheSherrillandGribblelands;thenceanorthwestcoursetotheforksoftheroadbelowTylerBuchananshousethencewiththewagonroadtoLUnFrizzellandLaurenceBuchanansroadtothepointoftheridgebelowLaurenceBuchanansbarn;thencetoF.H.LeatherwoodsbacklinetoA.W.LavislinethencewithA.w.LavisbacklinetotheTuckasegeeRiver;thenceupthesaidriverwithitsmeanderstothebeginning."Section2.ThattheorderoftheBoardofCom­missionersofthetownofWebster,madeandenteredatameetingheldinthetownofWebsterthe23rddayofMarch,1912,establishedtheaboveboundaryastothecorporatelimitsofthesaidtownofWebster,1tobeheld,andheldonthefirstSaturdayinMay,1912,withinsaidboundary,thetaxlevymadeinpursuanceofsaidelection,andallotheractsdoneandcommittedbythesaidBoardofCommissionersinpursuancethereof,beandthesameareherebydeclaredtobelegalandvalid."Section3.Thatthisactshallbeinforcefromandafteritsratification." aratifiedMarch5,1913.(ThisboundaryinformationhasbecomeavailablethroughresearcheffortsofJ.D.McRorie,)TheseboundariesarestillfollowedasWebsterscorporatelimits.TheHistoricWebsterbannerheadwasdesignedanddrawnbyKarenMoscowitz,asophomoreartstudentatWesternCarolinaUniversity.StudentsinProfessorRayMenzestwodimensionaldrawingclassestookthenewsletterbannerheadasaclassproject,usingasanemblemahousemarkerwithalittleboyonahorseatthewell,designedbyMrs,MarthaTaylorofLayton,Ohio.Mrs,Taylormadeasketchoftheboyatthewell,whichwascutoutofmetalbyherfatherandmountedonwood.Ac­cordingtomanyWebsterresidents,thiswellverymuchresembledtheoneinthecenterofWebsterUsingMrs.Taylor:shousemarkerasa.guide,M1ssMoscow1tzdes1gnedthewinningbannerhead.MembersoftheHistoricalSocietyExecutiveCommitteechoseKarensworkoutofapproximately30entries.Karen,whocomesfromLeona,NewJerseyhasbeenawardedfivedollarsbytheHistoricalSo ietyforherefforts.AfterthecountyseatwasremovedtoSylvain1913,Websterbecameaquietresidentialcommunitywithonlyaschool,apostoffice,twosmallgrocerystores,andtwochurches,Therewasnofunctioningmunicipalgovernment.In1954,agroupofWebstercitizensrealizedthatthetown,withanactivemunicipalboard,couldprovidethetownspeoplewithwaterandotherfacilities.ThisgroupaskedstateSenatorLUvidHall,Jr.,thenresidinginWebster,tointroduceintothelegislatureabillreactivatingthetownscharter.Thisbillwouldalsoprovidefortheappointmentofmunicipalofficialswhowouldserveuntiltheirsuccessorswereelectedandqualified.TheactwasdulyratifiedApril4,1955.(SessionLaws,Chapter423,1955).ErnestPenland,Sr.wasappointedmayorofWeb­ster,andJoeRhinehart,D,DougLavis,GoldmanMon­teith,LewisCannon,andClaudeCowanwereappointedcommissioners.InMarch,1957,theActof1955wasamendedtoextendtheofficesofthemunicipalofficialsto1968.Theamendmentalsoprovidedforsuccessorstothoseofficialstobeelectedeverytwoyearsatthestatesregularelectionperiod,(Chapter60,SessionLaws,1957).AtthedeathofErnestPenland,Sr.,DougLavisbecamemayorandMargiePenlandtookhisplaceAT0NALascommissioner.LavisservedasmayoruntilhewassucceededbyRoyBakerin1966.Becauseofachangeinthestateselectionlaws,municipalelectionsarenowheldin"offyear"periods,WebstersmostrecentwasNovember,1973,AtthattimeRoyBakerwaschosenmayorandClaudeCowan,LouiseLavis,GoldmanMonteith,MargiePenland,andJoeRhinehart,commissioners.Allwereincumbents.IreneQueenremainedtownclerk,ThepopulationofthetownofWebsterwas166atthelastcount.Approximately104oftheseareeligibletovoteinmunicipalaffairs.NotaxesareleviedandnosalariesarepaidinWebster.Streetlightshavebeenprovidedforsomeyearsandthewatersystemhasrecentlybeenvastlyimproved.Theschool,throughconsolidation,hasbeenremovedandthestoresdisappearedseveralyearsago,Butthepostoffice,recentlymadethirdclass,hasremained.ItandtheMethodistandtheBaptistChurchesarethefocalpointsofcommunitylife,However,inthepastfewmonths,athirdlocaleforinterestinWebsterandbeyondhasmaterialized.TheemptyWebsterElementarySchoolbuildinghasbecometheheadquarters(permanently,aspireitsfounders)oftheWebsterHistoricalSociety,Inc.Thereonoccasion,thingsreatJyf0RES..,.sslPostmasterFor34YearsEUGENIAMOOREALLISONbyEsabelAllisonCarltonWhenIwaseightyearsoldandmymotherwasthirtyfive,therewasagreatdealofdiscussionatourhousebetweenmymother<Mrs,EugeniaMooreAllison)andmygrandfather,UlnielKillianMoore,abouttheupcomingcivilserviceexaminationinWay­nesville,aprerequisiteforthoseaspiringtosecurethe.appointmentaspostmasteratWebster,N,C,Theydec1dedthatsheshouldconferwithmyUncleAndy(AndrewBascombAllison)regardingthismatter.Soasusual,Iwastrailingalongwithherwhensh walkeddowntotheAndyAllisonhome(presentlyownedbytheJ.W.Simpsons)wherethematterwasthoroughlydiscussedandagreedupon,andIpromisedtohelpherifshegottheappointment.MotherwentbybuggytoSylvaandfromtherebytraintoWaynesvillewhereshevisitedinthehomeofcousinMamieGreenwood,sisterofcousinWalterE,Mooreandthewifeofamedicaldoctor,Motherstayedtherewhileshewastotaketheexamination.MygrandfatherkeptRuth,Ulnandme,andgreatwasourdisappointmentwhencousinMamiecalledtoWal­terMoorehome(whichhadtheonlytelephoneinWebsteratthattime)tosaythatduetoanextensivebuggyridesightseeingintheWaynesvillearea,mymotherhadmissedthetrainandwouldbethereanextranight.ThiswasherlongesttimeawayfromherlittlebroodsincemyfatherdiedwhenIwassixmonthsold,Anyway,therewasgreatrejoicingwhenshereturnedhomeandevenmoresowhenweheardthatshehadpassedtheexaminationwiththehighestgrade,outdoingmeninthegroup,Hertimeinschool(includingAshevilleFemaleCollegewhileshelivedinthehomeofherbrother,JudgeFredMoore)plushernaturalabilityhadpaidoffandshestartedmakingaliving(100.00 All contributions are income tax deductible. Page 2 HISTORIC WEBSTER April 1974 The Town of Webster: Then· And Now For one hundred dollars the town site of what later became Webster, the county seat of Jackson, was bought in April , 1853, The· indentures were made by the county with Nathan Allen who lived on the eighteen acre tract desired. About five years later, an act to incorporate the town of Webster was passed by the General Assembly, Below is a facsimile of this act as it appears in the Session Laws of 1858-1859, SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, that the town of Webster in the county of Jackson, be and the same is hereby incorporated by the name and style of the "Town of Webster," and shall be subject to all the provisions contained in the one hundred and eleventh chapter of the Revised Code, SEC. 2, Be it further enacted, that the corporate limits of said town shall be as follows, viz: Beg- , inning at the mouth of Love's mill creek, thence up said creek to Love's mill, thence north one half mile to a stake, thence west to Tuckasegee river, thence up the meanders of said r iver to the beginning point. SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, that this act shall be in force from and after its ratification. (Rati­fied the 16th day of February, 1859,) From the original square mile corporate limits, the boundaries, over the years, were somewhat changed. Then in March 1913, the General Assembly adopted an act to amend the corporate limits of the Town of Webster. It is as follows: "Section I. That section two of chapter six of the Private Laws of the Extra Session of 1908 be and the same is hereby repealed, and there shall be inserted in lieu therof the following: "Beginning at ·the mouth of Mingus' Mill Creel at the southeast corner of James Dillard's farm and runs with his beast line to J.W. Lavis' east line, the corner of the county home farm; thence with the county home farm and the J. W. Lavis' line to the bend of the road at a small branch near the town of Webster and between the town of Webster and the town of Sylva, thence up said branch to a bridge on the Sherrill and Gribble lands; thence a ·northwest course to the forks of the road below Tyler Buchanan's house thence with the wagon road to LUn Frizzell and Laurence Buchanan's road to the point of the ridge below Laurence Buchanan's barn; thence to F .H. Leatherwood's back line to A. W. Lavis' line' thence with A. w. Lavis' back line to the Tuckasegee River; thence up the said river with its meanders to the · beginning. "Section 2. That the order of the Board of Com­missioners of the town of Webster, made and entered at a meeting held in the town of Webster the 23rd day of March, 1912, established the above boundary as to the corporate limits of the said town of Webster, 1 to be held, and held on the first Saturday in May, 1912, within said boundary, the tax levy made in pursuance of said election, and all other acts done and committed by the said Board of Commissioners in pursuance thereof, be and the same are hereby declared to be legal and valid. "Section 3. That this act shall be in force from and after its ratification. "~a ratified_ March 5, 1913. (This boundary information has become available through research efforts of J.D. McRorie,) These boundaries are still followed as Webster's corporate limits. The Historic Webster bannerhead was designed and drawn by Karen Moscowitz, a sophomore art student at Western Carolina University. Students in Professor Ray Menze's two-dimensional drawing classes took the newsletter bannerhead as ·a class project, using as an emblem a house marker with a little boy on a horse at the well, designed by Mrs, Martha Taylor of Layton, Ohio. Mrs, Taylor made a sketch of the boy at the well, which was cut out of metal by her father and mounted on wood. Ac­cording to many Webster residents, this well very much resembled the one in the center of Webster _Using Mrs • . Taylor:s house marker as a .guide, • M1ss Moscow1tz des1gned the winning bannerhead. Members of the Historical Society Executive Committee chose Karen's work out of approximately 30 entries. Karen, who comes from Leona, New Jersey has been awarded five dollars by the Historical So~iety for her efforts. After the county seat was removed to Sylva in 1913, Webster became a quiet residential community with only a school, a post office, two small grocery stores, and two churches, There was no functioning municipal government. · In 1954, a group of Webster citizens realized that the town, with an active municipal board, could provide the townspeople with water and other facilities. This group asked state Senator LUvid Hall, Jr., then residing in Webster, to introduce into the legislature a bill reactivating the town's charter. This bill would also provide for the appointment of municipal officials who would serve until their successors were elected and qualified. The act was duly ratified April 4, 1955. (Session Laws, Chapter 423, 1955). · Ernest Penland, Sr. was appointed mayor of Web­ster, and Joe Rhinehart, D, Doug Lavis, Goldman Mon­teith, Lewis Cannon, and Claude Cowan were appointed commissioners. In March, 1957, the Act of 1955 was amended to extend the offices of the municipal officials to 1968. The amendment also provided for successors to those officials to be elected every two years at the state's regular election period, (Chapter 60, Session Laws, 1957). At the death of Ernest Penland, Sr., Doug Lavis became mayor and Margie Penland took his place A T 0 N A L as commissioner. Lavis served as mayor until he was succeeded by Roy Baker in 1966. Because of a change in the state's election laws, municipal elections are now held in "off-year" periods, Webster's most recent was November, 1973, At that time Roy Baker was chosen mayor and Claude Cowan, Louise Lavis, Goldman Monteith, Margie Penland, and Joe Rhinehart, commissioners. All were incumbents. Irene Queen remained town clerk, The population of the town of Webster was 166 at the last count. Approximately 104 of these are eligible to vote in municipal affairs. No taxes are levied and no salaries are paid in Webster. Street lights have been provided for some years and the water system has recently been vastly improved. The school, through consolidation, has been removed and the stores disappeared several years ago, But the post office, recently made third class, has remained. It and the Methodist and the Baptist Churches are the focal points of community life, However, in the past few months, a third locale for interest in Webster and beyond has materialized. The empty Webster Elementary School building has become the headquarters (permanently, aspire its founders) of the Webster Historical Society, Inc. There on occasion, things-reatJy· f 0 R E S · . ._, •. ss • l Postmaster For 34 Years EUGENIA MOORE ALLISON by Esabel Allison Carlton When I was eight years old and my mother was thirty-five, there was a great deal of discussion at our house between my mother <Mrs, Eugenia Moor e Allison ) and my grandfather, Ulniel Killian Moore, about the upcoming civil service examination in Way­nesville, a prerequisite for those aspiring to secure the .appointment as postmaster at Webster, N,C, They dec1ded that she should confer with my Uncle Andy (Andrew Bascomb Allison) regarding this matter. So as usual, I was trailing along with her when sh~ walked down to the Andy Allison home (presently owned by the J . W. Simpsons) wher e the matter was thoroughly discussed and agreed upon, and I promised to help her if she got the appointment. Mother went by buggy to Sylva and from there by train to Waynesville where she visited in the home of cousin Mamie Gr eenwood, sister of cousin Walter E, Moore and the wife of a medical doctor, Mother stayed there while she was to take the examination. My grandfather kept Ruth, Uln and me, and great was our disappointment when cousin Mamie called to Wal­ter Moore home ( which had the only telephone in Webster at that time) to say that due to an extensive buggy ride sight seeing in the Waynesville area, my mother had missed the train and would be ther e an extra night. This was her longest time away from her little brood since my father died when I was six months old, Anyway, there was great r ejoicing when she r eturned home and even mor e so when we heard that she had pas sed the examination with the highest grade, outdoing men in the group, Her time in school (including Asheville Female College while she lived in the home of her brother, Judge Fred Moor e) plus her natural ability had paid off and she started making a living (1.00 a day to begin with) for her little family, During the thirty-four years that mother was post­master the Post Office was in three locations: first, in a little building where Mr. Baker's shop and apart­ment are now located; next in the old Masonic build· ing between our place and the home of Mrs, Nancy Ensley Potts; then back to the Baker Upholstery Shop location; and last to the little building in the corner of her yard across the lane from the Monteith home. Because of the necessity of having the office convien­iently close to our home, the location changed as we moved, The family moved from our old home (built by Dr. C.Z. Candler's father at about the time of the civil war) to Uncle Andy's house , then to the Aunt Hicks Wilson house <now owned by the Potts) later to the old jail <Mrs, Margie Penland's place) which was the principal's home when my sister , Mrs. Ruth Allison Morris, was principal of Webster High School, and finally to mother 's new home, built after the old Candler house was torn down , on the same lot which she had owned since my father's dea.th, When my mother was postmaster she loved her work (though it did get aggravating at times she said) and it enable her to make a living in her own yard for the most part. She could keep an eye on Ruth, Uln and me as we grew up, and grandpa too when he was sick, while she looked after the post office which was the social, as well as news center for the community. Sometimes when we all gathered to watch little Oscar Coward buck dance in the post office vestibule things would get too noisy and we would all be sent outside so my mother could do her work, She wrote and read letters and orders for a few of the patrons who could neither r ead nor write, and in emergencies would open up the post offic e at night and on holidays to better ser ve the community, Service, honesty, integrity and independence wer e virtues of great value to her, as they had been to her God­fearing pioneering ancestors, During the thirty-four years that my mother was postmaster she was assisted to some extent by the following : George Self, grandpa Moor e, my sister Ruth, Mrs, Margie Penland, Mrs, Evelyn McKee, Mr. Dan Cowan. When I became old enough I was officially made assistant, or r eplacement, so I could substitute occasionally when she was sick or away, Dear to all of our hearts was the mail carrier, Arthur Allman, who was always kind, cheerful, accomodating and generous with rides to and fr om Sylva in his truck for all of us. HISTORIC WEJ~STER April 1974 Page 3 The Webster "Mail Box" Some people have called the Webster Post Office the "Mail Box" and frequently someone laughingly remarks that it is surely the smallest post office in the United States, They seem disappointed when we tell them there are other smaller. We enjoy our rather unique building, However, the size of the building does not designate the size of the Post Of­fice housed therein. The Webster Post Office is the oldest office in Jack­son County, It was established as Scott's Creek (Haywood County) April 5, 1828. Jackson County had not been established at that time, The Haywood County and Macon County line was at that time the Tuckaseigee River at Webster, The first postmaster was Ulniel Brisson, appointed April 5, 1828, He was succeeded by Samuel B, -Bragg December 17, 1828, The office was later discontinued for a brief time and reestablished May 24, 1832 as Scott's Cre­ek. At that time William Thomas was installed as postmaster serving till January 27, 1843, Thomas was succeded by Allan Fisher. When Mr. Fisher took the office he had a store in Lovesfield, said to have been located near the intersection of what is now highway 107 and ll6, Presumable the post office was operated in his store, The name of the post office was changed to Webster on November 28, 1857 while Mr, Fisher was still postmaster, He ser ved the office for 22 years which was the longest time any postmaster served until Mr s, Eugenia M. Allison was the postmaster in later years. The second court held in Jackson County was held also in this store. A great-grandson of his, Mr. Allen Bergin Fisher, Sr .. , now lives in Addie Community, Route I, Sylva, N, C. On September 21, 1865 a Mr. George w. Stake became postmaster and served until April 15, 1873, Postmaster Cannon was the father of the late Lewis Cannon of Webster . He was the grandfather of James ~ann?n of Cannon Brothers Gas and Oil Company m Dillsboro and other descendents of Dillsboro and the state of Washington, Succeeding Mr, Cannon was Martin H. Lovelady who ser ved thre

    Letter to Jan Else signed by Antigone Kotsiopulos and Ginny Webster

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    Thank you letter to Friends of the Gustafson Gallery member and department faculty member, Janet J. Else, signed by Department Head, Antigone Kotsiopulos, and Friends of the Gustafson Gallery President, Ginny (Virginia) Webster

    Historic Webster Vol. 12 No. 2

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    Historic Webster is a newsletter of the Webster Historical Society, Inc., created at the Society’s founding in 1974. The publication helped to serve the Society's mission of collecting and preserving the history of Webster, North Carolina. Webster, established in 1851, was the original county seat for Jackson County.HISTORIC WEBSTER Vol. 12, Issue 2 Summer 1987 Features 3 From Blue Horses to Spencer Clark In December 1986, the Webster Historical Society honored the Spencer Clark Trio for its pro­duction of the cassette, "Summer Evening in Webster." The author remembers his early days with a radio. by Gary Carden 4 A Special Trio The "Summer Evening in Webster" cassette continues the village's affair with the arts. The story is told in a Sylva Herald story. by Angela Griffin 6 Freedom is a Dream Webster celebrated an old-fashioned Fourth at "Miss Lucy's. A speech makes us proud. by John E. Fobes 8 A Tribute to Woodford Davis A friend remembers his child­hood days with Wood Davis by Dale Coward The Cover: The Spencer Clark Trio, Spencer and Mary Clark and Hoyte Roberson, Jr. have issued a cassette of their summer performances for the society. SPEAKING EDITORIALLY HISTORIC WEBSTER President Midred Cowan Box 186 Webster, NC 28788 Vice President Dale Coward Norton Road Cashiers, NC 28717 Secretary-Treasurer Margaret and Jim Simpson Box 126 Webster, NC 28788 Membership Chairman Kate M. Rhinehart Box 145 Webster, NC 28788 Editor Joe P. Rhinehart Box 356 Webster, NC 28788 The Webster Historical Society, Incor­porated, is a non-profit organization found­ed in 1974 to study and preserve the history and culture of the area. The annual membership fee is 5.00 paid to the member­ship chairman, Box 145, Webster, NC 28788. The society publishes Historic Webster quarterly, and it is mailed to the members. The editor welcomes material for publica­tion and will give consideration to any sub­mitted articles. It's Summer Time In Webster And The Town Is Celebrating -The W ebeter ru.t.orical Society Pre.stntJ 111111111 DDIIID WDiftl ~._t: Ella Richardt and Robert Lee Maddon JWy , , l2, 19,U ~o'dodl ThoW ...... U.u.iM.doodiMCh• ldl W.t.m-,Nonhc..n.un.. It's summer in Webster, and it couldn't be a more exciting time to be here. We are in the middle of our fifth season of "Summer Evening in Webster." We have been royally enter­tained by tenor Patrick McGuire and his son Logan with a beautiful varied concert of his favorite music; actress Sue Monroe who performed professionally in her husband, Ben Glawsons play "Bunny Tracks; " and Mary Clark, pianist, returned for her second solo show as she honored George Gershwin. And we still have the final concert to look forward to. It will, as always, be done by our own Spencer Clark Trio. Spencer has picked a program that presents George Gershwin and his friends. The church has been packed every week, and the July 26 concert will, as usual, be standing room only. Jeff Ginn has done his second painting for the society, "Summer Evening in Webster, II." His first print, given by the society to its summer performers, has been exhausted . The print can be had only by perform- ~--~-· ing for the society and its guests. The painting hangs in some of the area's final artists' homes. f~~~~;:g A good crowd joined Carol and Gerald Karcher on the lawn of the Hedden House for the society's annual --:::.:::::::•- . .::....,___ "Miss Lucy's Picnic." It was Webster's usual Fourth of July tribute, and we were pleased to hear Jack Fobes. NMMM¥M!!!I'!W'Iil!~ He and his wife, Hazel, are former owners of Hedden House. Jack is a former director of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization 8.50. It features the best of the past four Clark concerts. It will bring back those wonderful summer memories. You can also get copies of the society's prize winning publication, The Poems of Robert Lee Madison. The book was named North Carolina's best 1986 book of poetry. The cost is 14.00. The tape and the book may be ordered from Box 145, Webster, NC 28788- both prices include postage and handling. 2 Historical Webster Summer 1987 ~- From Blue Horses to Spencer Clark "For a moment, it all comes rushing back ... the movies, the dances, the songs, and the glowing light of my pink radio When I was eight years old, I bought a Blue Horse notebook. For those of you who are not familiar with this school accessory of the 40's, the company that manufactured Blue Horse notebooks and tablets gave away marvelous prizes. All you had to do was save the Blue Horses ... cut them out and save them I did! I begged them from school mates, bought them, swapped for them and went through garbage cans searching for them. You couldn't stick them in a book like Green Stamps, so I packet them, 50 to a stack in shoe boxes until I had enough to send in. What came back changed my life. It was a radio ... or to be more specific, it was a pink " table-model" cheap radio, and I had dubious motives for wanting it. The situation was like this: At the age of six, two years before I started hoarding Blue Horses, I had become a radio junkie. Beginning at 3:30 each after­noon, I would camp in front of the big Silver­tone radio in the living room and launch a non­stop listen-in that would last through dinner (or supper, as we called it) and well into the night. I listened to Jack Armstrong, Captain Mid­night, Sargent Preston of the Royal Mounties, Dick Tracy and The Lone Ranger. Things went well until I decided to initate my own story hour at school. Each day at recess, I would recount all of the stories from the previous afternoon for my classmates, complete with cliff-hanger endings. When my second-grade teacher heard about my little recitals, she asked me a lot of strange questions .. .like, "Is it true you act out all the people in the story?" Oh, yes indeed, I did that. "You do realize that these are radio programs ... just a lot of people talking over microphones?" No, I did not realize that and did not want to realize it. So, my second-grade teacher came for a visit, and told my grand­parents that they should not allow me to listen to the radio since the line between the real world and make-believe had become somewhat blurred for me. My second-grade teacher told my horrified grandparents that I could become unable to tell the difference between the real and the unreal. She was wrong there, of course. by Gary Carden I knew the difference very well. It was just a matter of preference. In addition to curtailing my radio listening, my teacher also suggested something should be done about my addiction to Saturday westerns and comic books ... two other factors that contributed to disorienting my youthful mind. So, I lost a goodly part of my radio listening privileges. No more long sessions in front of the old Silvertone. That is why I went after the Blue Horses. And I acquired a pink radio. And that is how I become a secret, nocturnal radio junkie. Alone in my bedroom after my grand­parents were asleep, I would turn on my pink radio which lit up the whole room like a surprise-pink night light, and I would listen. Of course, this was a different kind of radio. No Lone Ranger. No Jack Armstrong. Indeed it was late-night music. I heard things like, '' ... And now, for your listening enjoyment, Jack Teagarden from the Roosevelt Ballroom in downtown New Orleans." I heard Lanny Ross singing "Moonlight and Roses," and Rose Mur­phy the "Chee-Chee" girl singing "Mean to Me." I heard Lionel Hampton and Fred War­ing. Sil Austin and Carmen McRae. Margaret Whiting and Oscar La vent. By the time I was twelve, I could recognize hundreds of songs and composers. I knew the lyrics to Gershwin, Gus Kahn, Cole Porter, Irving Berlin and Hogie Carmichael. I never knew why I did this, and I don't know to this day. It was as though I thought that somebody ... God, the President or my English teacher would give me a test. They would say, "Who wrote 'Old Buttermilk Sky'?" and I would say, ''Hogie Carmichael.' ' Or they would say, "What was Buddy Hackett's theme song?" and I would say, "Embracable You." I memorized song lyrics as though they were sacred writ; as though I could ward off sickness or evil by quoting them like charms. To this day, when people quote philosophers or Shakespeare, I have a tendency to answer with lyrics by Jerome Kern or Hammerstein. "That government is best that governs least," they (Continued on page 7) Historic Webster Summer 1987 3 HISTORIC WEBSTER SUMMER 1987 LOVELY SOUNDS FROM A SPECIAL TRIO Spencer and Mary Clark The Clarks have spent 38 years sharing music together. Music actually brought them together in 1948 and they have been perfectly compatible since. 4 Historic Webster Summer 1987 1 , The historical society is trying to recapture the leisurely fellowship of friends and neighbors coming together by Angela Griffin Combining the mellow, easy listening music of the Spencer Clark Trio with the cool and quiet summer evenings of Webster was a brilliant, and successful, idea of the Webster Historical Society. Not everyone has had the opportunity to attend one of the Summer Evening in Webster series where the Trio, for the last four years, has given the finale performance of a series of performing arts featuring local artists with ties to the area. Summer Evenings in Webster are evenings in July set aside to enjoy the arts. The events are held outside unless it rains (then things are moved inside the Methodist Church). A crowd of as many as 200 have been known to gather in a local meadow for one of these events. The Spencer Clark Trio - a trio made up of well-known musician Spencer Clark on the tenor saxophone, Mary Clark on piano and Hoyte Roberson, Jr., on drums- play, with very little electronic assistance, a wide-range of musical selec­tions. These multi-talented musicians play for the love of it and as they play, their sounds are recorded on tape. When people began to request recordings from the group, Webster Historical Society member Joe Parker Rhinehart asked Spencer to edit some of the music recorded on site over the last four years into one full cassette tape. It took Spencer two full weeks to go through all the old tapes and select the pieces with the best sound. Mary Clark said the whole idea of producing a Spencer Clark Trio tape came from requests from the people attending the Sum­mer Evening in Webster series. "Every year, people would ask for tapes," said Mary. "Everyone seems to like what we play. We were too busy play­ing to worry with the tapes, so out of four years, we got enough to fill one tape." The result is a very pleasing selection of 35 of some of the world's favorite songs. The tape has been presented in the limited edi­tion of 250 copies which sell for 8 each. Some of the selections come from a solo performance done by Mary. The tape begins with the theme song for A Summer Evening in Webster with lyrics written by well-known local writer Sue Ellen Bridgers, music by Spencer Clark and sung by Boyd Sossamon, Jr. Spencer said the theme song was derived from a request by Rhinehart. But Spencer is not a lyricist so he engaged the assistance of Sue Ellen who came up with "lovely lyrics" which Spencer says "captures the whole meaning of this thing." "Once I heard the lyrics," said Spencer, who plays almost any instrument entirely by ear, "I could hear the music coming and I sat down and wrote the music." The lyrics convey what the Historical Society is trying to recap­ture and that is the leisurely fellowship of friends and neighbors coming together to share their heritage. Such evenings were once shared by the beloved Professor Robert Lee Madison who fre­quently entertained the village of Webster with his front porch concerts on his flute. Mrs. Madison was the town music teacher. And although it is one small town's attempts to preserve their heritage, the series has drawn attention from counties all around. The Clarks have spent 38 years sharing music together. Music actually brought them together in 1948 and they have been perfect­ly compatible since. Spencer may be best known for his abilities on the bass saxophone, a standard instrument of bands of the 1920's and 30's better known as the "Jazz Age." As a member of the Lud Gluskin Orchestra for two years, Spencer Clark did a lot of recording. He later recorded some solo jazz albums such as "Spencer Clark - Master of the Bass Sax­ophone," and "Spencer Clark and His Bass Sax Play Sweet and Hot." He says he has probably appeared on some 20 jazz recorders since his retirement in 1971 when he moved to Webster. Area folks picked up right away on the talents of Spencer and Mary. Forming a trio, they began to play dinner music at such places as the Courthill Inn and the Maggie Valley Country Club. Their first trio drummer was Tom Jenkins, a talented local who was majoring in music at Western Carolina University. When Tom moved on, the Clarks used various talented drummers from the area until they met up with Hoyt. Hoyt shared the Clarks' love of music and the three hit it off right away and have been together for several years now playing at wedding receptions and private parties on a part-time basis. The Clarks do not wish to book the Trio too heavily. But they have a love for music and enjoy sharing that love with others through a broad selection of songs. "We like a lot of types of music and that is probably why people like us so much," said Mary. "We play selections a lot of people like to hear and we aim our selections to the age of the audience. We're fortunate in liking so many types of music." Spencer noted that on the newly released tape, a variety of selec­tions can be heard. Each year the Evening in Webster series is given a specific theme and the music is geared toward that theme. In 1987, the theme will be based on music by George Gershwin. The Clarks have enjoyed music since their childhood. Mary had formal training in piano since age 10. But Spencer, although he had no formal trining except some music in high school, has just picked the music up "naturally." But he also taught himself to read music. "He reads very well, but his ear is so good, he doesn't bother," said mary, only a tiny bit enviously. Spencer explains his ability as being based on mathematics. He says he can hear the music and find the relationship of notes mathematically, in intervals. It is like using a type of singing called "solfeggio." Mary can understand exactly how Spencer does this. Every scale is do-re-me or 1-2-3, no matter what the key," she says. "Most musicians use numbers so it doesn't matter what key the music is in." A program to announce the issue of "A Summer Evening in Webster," a cassette recording by the Spencer Clark Trio, was held recently at Western Carolina University. Jim Simpson, "Hoyt shared the Clark's love of music and the three hit it off right away and have been together for several years now. '' Hoyte Roberson, Jr. mayor of Webster, made the opening remarks. Julian Hirt commended the Trio on the sound, which they accomplis with almost no electronic equipment. Spencer says the Trio does not need electronics to get the sound they desire. It is pure music flow­ing out to the ears of an audience seated in a green meadow in a lovely mountain town. It is music which does not call for loudness. It is sweet and mellow and soothing to the ears. It is the music of the Trio that people wish to capture on tape to listen to while relaxing at home. It is the coziness of the music that brings to mind the lyrics written by Sue Ellen - It's Sum­metime in Webster, and we are home again. Tapes can be purchased at Riverwood Craft Shop in Dillsboro or at Jim Simpson's The Christian Shop. Historic Webster Summer 1987 5 Our Declaration of Independence started a vast movement on this planet. American independence became the sign, the sym­bol, the standard, a dream which has spread around the world. I have been fortunate to work and travel in other countries and to spend time with, listen to and learn from thoughtful persons in all parts of the world- persons who are sensitive to problems, to feelings, to commonalities of life on this planet. They are in­dividuals who are seeking mean­ing to life, who actively search for solutions to the world's predicament. From these experiences, I have tried to distill thoughts ap­propriate to our coming together on this Independence Day. I have put them in the form of an old fashioned Fourth of July oration which can make us feel proud, yet humble; local, yet part of all humankind; strong, but not com­placent; ready to accept and meet challenges of the future. Please try to imagine that I am speaking from a village bands­tand bedecked with red and blue banners. We are celebrating Independ­ence Day of 1987 with friends and neighbors. It is well to record that our Declaration of In­dependence of 21 years ago started a vast movement on this planet. "American independ­ence" became the sign, the sym­bol, the standard, a dream which has spread around the world. Only 42 years ago, at the end of a terrible war, that dream was re-invigorated and reflected in the United Nations Charter, sign­ed at San Francisco. That docu­ment took its inspiration .from the Four Freedoms of Franklin D. Roosevelt, from the Atlantic Charter of Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, from a 1943 Declaration of the nations fighting fascism. I've just been reading the unpublished letters of one of my professors, written while he served at the San Fran­cisco Conference which adopted the UN Charter. On the spot, he recorded the inspired spirit of that gathering of 50 nations. Reading his letters was a valuable reminder of recent history. They brought to mind the statement of a young aviator who died in the war. He wrote: "Civilization does not rest on the 6 Historic Webster Summer 1987 enjoyment of its inventions but solely upon the fervor which goes into the winning of them." There was inspration and fervor at San Francisco. Since 1945, more than 100 peoples have declared them­selves to be nations and have claimed their independence. The message that I bring here today is that they are still striving to be free of dependence in its many forms. In fact, we are all thus striving, looking for more self­reliance in what has become an interdependent world. It is well to recall that we, the industrializ­ed, developed, privileged coun­tries of the North and West gave the world the flame of independ­ence. But we also helped to create the interdependent world through our inventions - ex­pecially the electronic ones of the computer, the satellite and television. In fact, of course, the planet and all the peoples on it have always been one. We only made it more so. We created new forms of dependence by projec­ting a particular image of that oneness - full of ideas of liberty, yes - but also colored with im­possible picture of affluence and waste. We are in a global mess. What should we do? The answers are in Webster and in every local community. The answers are in America. The answers are everywhere and they are many and diverse. That is what my friends around the world are tell­ing me. Let me explain. The image and dream which America evoked are in our history. -The Declaration of In- Freedom is a Dream by John E. Fobes dependence is part of that story. Our Constitution - 200 years old this year - has been used as a model by many. But the true greatness of America came from a combination of factors which it is well to remember on this day of celebration. Those factors include: • The natural resources of a con­tinent for which we should be grateful and more respectful; • The challenge of the frontier of the 18th and 19th centuries, ac­cepted in the spirit of that young aviator- " the fervor which goes into the winning of inventions"; • The vigor of small communities based on trust; • The diversity and richness of the peoples who came to our shores; never before nor since has the world seen a greater diversity of talents in one nation. Conscious of these strengths, what shall we do now? I think that we need a new frontier. Not the frontier of more ease and more products on the shelves of the supermarkets and the dis­count stores. Perhaps our very un-ease, and that of the whole world, points to a new I old fron­tier. The frontier is the search for human dignity and human rights for all on this planet. It demands that all men and women can walk upright and free. How can they do so in an increasingly crowded world? How can they do so without basic human needs of food, water, housing, health, education? I believe that it is by working together, by mutual assistance, by allowing for a great diversity in this striving and by helping to build local self-reliance. You may have heard the phrase, "Thinking globally, ac­ting locally.' This slogan may have greater meaning than is generally realized. Thinking holistically, of all, globally, is what America has tried to do. Acting locally is a hallmark of the American tradition. Here I must recall the words of a philosopher-poet-religious thinker: "Home should be the center but not the circumference of the affections." Have we not America has a great responsiblity as a leader and a servant of humanity. It would re-dedicate itself on this Fourth of July to the frontier, the challenge of the 21st century. ofter seen the outpouring of those affections toward others by an America which treasured the im­portance of home and wanted to help others to preserve or re

    Historic Webster Vol. 11 No. 1

    No full text
    Historic Webster is a newsletter of the Webster Historical Society, Inc., created at the Society’s founding in 1974. The publication helped to serve the Society's mission of collecting and preserving the history of Webster, North Carolina. Webster, established in 1851, was the original county seat for Jackson County.Dickson Sl ater Box 164 Davi dson, NC 280J6 ---~ ~ •' .' , ll~ - l i J 281~ HISTORIC~ ••••••••••••••••••---"_;e_w_;s:.:,le::.t.:te:.:..r of the Webster Historical Society, Inc. VOLUME XI, NUMBER 1 WEBSTER, NORTH CAROLINA SPRING, 1985 The Cowan_s, Webster __ C_itizens On a late spring afternoon in 1927, Mary BridgerS, a first year teacher at Balsam Ele­mentary School in Jackson county, spotted a dapper young man on the Rolling Green Golf Course near Web­ster. He was wearing knick­ers, fashionable at the time, and an English-style cap typical of the "roaring '20's." She was impressed. Louise Parker, a fellow teacher and roommate at Balsam, soon in­troduced Mary to the young man who was Claude Cowan of Webster. After a short court­ship, Claude Cowan and Mary Bridgers were married at the Bridgers' home in Maccles­field, North Carolina, on Christmas Day, 1928. They soon returned to Webster where they have made their home for the past fifty-five years. Claude and Mary have two sons: Claude Jacob Cowan, Jr., of Fairview Road, Sylva, and William Joseph Cowan of Tucker, Georgia. Claude and Mary Cowan's lives have been spent in and for Webster. Madison poems will bEf published in Summer by Society The Poems of Robert Lee Madison, a compilation of poems, some known and many being published for the first time, will be released by the Webster Historical Society in the summer. Professor Madison, a Web­ster resident, founder of Wes­tern Carolina University, and a classical scholar, wrote hun­dreds of poems in numerous styles. He often shared these verses with his friends through little printed cards that he distributed, through greeting cards, or through his lectures. It has long been a goal of the historical society to preserve these literary pieces. With the permission of Mr. Madison's family, the professor's poetic works have been edited by Joe P. Rhinehart ami a beautifully printed volume is in publication. Larkspur Press, an art press in Monterey, Kentucky, is printing the book. Gray Zeitz, the owner, is a master printer and a former student of the world famous Victor Ham­mar. Zeitz and Hammar's work have been exhibited in many galleries, including the Golier Club in New York. Then, by hand, he will stitch the books in soft covers in the chapbook style. The chapbook was developed in western Europe in the nineteenth cen­tury and, at that time, was a cheap method of making books available. Zeitz has revived the style and has made it an art form. The Poems of Robert Lee Madison, printed in a limited edition, will appeal to Madi­son's friends and students, col­lectors of art, historians, and readers of all sorts. Professor Robert Lee madison wrote poems on many subjects and in many styles. They also have two grand­daughters, four grandsons, two great grandsons, and a great granddaughter. CLAUDE JACOB COWAN, SR. was born on September 9, 1902, on the Cowan farm bor­dering the banks of the Tuck­asegee River near Webster. He was the fourth of eight children born to William Lee and Luthena Wild Cowan. After high school he held a number of jobs related to his interest in the field of electrici­ty. This was during the era when electrical power was first being introduced to resi­dents of Jackson county. After a short time as an electrician's apprentice, Claude Cowan became an electrician and in­stalled the electrical wiring for many of the old landmark buildings and houses in Sylva, Webster and throughout Jack­son county. He briefly worked for the Dillsboro Power and Light Company before opening his own electrical shop in Sylva. As the Great Depression de­creased the demand for elec­trical services and appliances, Mr. Cowan closed his shop and took a job with the Mead Cor­poration where he worked for several years as an electrician and turbine operator. Then, desiring to establish his own business, he left the Mead Cor­poration and built the Webster Grocery Store which he man­aged until 1951. During this time he also served as Jackson county's electrical inspector. In 1951, Claude Cowan sold his business to accept an ap­pointment with the North Car­olina Department of Agricul­ture as a state regional inspec­tor, an appointment not alt()­gether unexpected since, in addition to his qualifications, he had successfully managed the gubernatorial campaign of Governor Kerr Scott in Jackson county in 1950. Before concluding his adult working career, Cowan ac­cepted an appointment by the Jackson County Board of Edu- Continued on page 2 Page 2, HISTORIC WEBSTER, SPRING 1985 Mary and Claude Cowan have shared 55 yt Continued from page 1 cation as the county's attend­ance counselor, a position he held until his retirement in 1967. Although he enjoyed a variety of work experiences throughout his adult life, his first love was politics, as evidenced by his successful management of numerous political campaigns for state, regional, and local candidates. He is most proud of the cam­paign he managed for his brother, Roy, who was elected clerk of the Jacksdh County Superior Court in 1938. Roy was re-elected without oppo­sition each term until his death in 1946. In 1962, Claude Cowan was elected to the Webster Board of Aldermen, a position he presently holds at age eighty­two. As alderman, he takes great pride in the many im­provements made on the water system which was little more than a small spring-fed reservoir a few years ago. Of equal pride to him is the fact that Webster boasts a zero crime rate, a fact that he at­tributes to good neighbors watching out for good neighbors. In addition to Claude Cowan's many years of ser­vice as an alderman, he was an active member of The Woodmen of the World, a fraternal organization dedica­ted to community service. He is also a member of the Fraternal Order of Masons and was elected Master of the Dillsboro Masonic Lodge by his brother Masons in 1948. Claude is a member of the Webster Baptist Church where he was active in promoting building improvements and acquiring a new parsonage. During his retirement, he enjoys keeping abreast of local, state, and national political events, serving on the Webster Board of Aldermen, and keeping his yard well groomed. In the past, he spent much time transporting elder­ly friends and neighbors to church, doctor's appoint­ments, the supermarket, the drug store, and, as he says, "just about anywhere else they need to go." When asked how he feels, one is likely to get the standard answer, "Well, I'm still kick­ing, just not quite as high!" He continues to maintain that great sense of humor which has characterized his person­ality for eighty-two years. Some would say that the one thing Claude enjoys more than hearing a good joke is telling one. But most of all he is known to his neighbors as an accommodating friend, al­ways willing to help those in need of his assistance. MARY BRIDGERS COW AN was born on April 1, 1905, in Macclesfield, North Carolina. She was the sixth of twelve children born to Joseph Caswell and Nancy Owens Bridgers. She was graduated from high school in Edge­combe county and attended Farmville Women's College in Farmville, Virginia for one year before transferring to Cullowhee Normal and Indus­trial School (now Western Car­olina University) in Cullo­whee, North Carolina, where she studied to become a teacher. Upon graduation from college she accepted a teaching position at Balsam Elementary School in Jackson county. The following year Mary Cowan accepted a teach­ing position at Webster School where she continued to teach until her retirement in 1965. Much of Mary Cowan's adult life was centered around the classroom and the children she taught. As a teacher she was best known for her ability to "teach the unteachable." Her fellow teachers have de­scribed her as a master teach­er who was applying unique methods of motivating child­ren to learn as well as tech­niques of behavior modifica­tion long before these methods and techniques were written about in the textbooks. And yes, if this didn't work, she was not above bribing a child with food, money, extra privi­leges, or just about anything else that worked if that was what was required to teach the vowel sounds or the multipli­cation tables. Although the 3 R's came first, Mrs. Cowan's appreci­ation and love for music, art, science, and social studies were what made her class­room a fun place to be. Her students produced more mus­ical programs (operettas) than any class in the school. Her love of music was conta­gious and her students re­sponded enthusiastically by singing, dancing, acting, and playing in the rhythm band. Mary Cowan's personal enjoy­ment and participation in these activities with the children kept her young short Cowan and Rhinehart were always on call for town By Joe W. Rhinehart Claude Cowan and I grew up together in Webster, but because Claude was my senior we did not become close friends until we were older. As boys we attended Webster School, but Claude was ahead of me. Our relationship has been close since we married and Claude moved over the river. Claude was indeed a friend in need for any time I needed help Claude answered the call. We are both interested in our town's welfare and to be of service we both became aldermen. Our biggest job as aldermen has been taking care of Webster's water works. If the water "went off," a neighbor would call either Claude or me to ask what the trouble was. We would get together and search for the problem. Many times it would mean digging up a pipe line or cleaning out the springs on Kings Mountain. The springs, for many years, were the source of Webster's water. When a major problem came up we met with the other alderman and the mayor to discuss the problem. Now in our mature years and since we are among the few native Websterites left, we enjoy sitting on the porch in the sun talking about the "Good Old Days." Joe Rhinehart and Claude Cowan visit at the post office. of her years. In the spring of each year it was not unusual to see Mary Cowan and her entire third grade assembled in the Cowan garden or on the lawn catching everything from butterflies to the praying mantis. At other times of the year they might be seen collecting rocks, leaves, flowers, or just about anything of interest which could form the basis for a scientific nature study. These activities, she believed, pro­vided welcomed relief to the children from the rigors of mastering the 3 R's and also motivated them to develop a sense of inquiry about their environment. It was mastery of the basics plus the many enjoyable educational experiences which endeared Mrs. Cowan as a tea­cher and as a person to four generations of students. Her service spanned thirty-six years. In addition to the three-plus decades as a teacher in the Jackson County Public Schools, Mary Cowan was also active in various church and community activities. Prior to her retirement, she was an ac­tive member of the Webster Baptist Church where she served for many years as a Sunday School teacher and a member of the choir. She was active in the Women's Mis­sionary Society and participa­ted in numerous other church activities and charitable causes. No review of Mary Cowan's accomplishments would be complete without some men­tion of her more subtle at­tributes which are no less im­portant than her impressive career as a teacher. As a wife, mother, and individual, her life has exemplified a love and concern for others, especially those less fortunate than she. Her many acts of kindness to those who found themselves in a state of misfortune will long be remembered by the many whose lives she touched. Their need of food, clothing, medical attention, or sometimes just a word of encouragement, never went unattended if Mary Cowan was aware of the circumstances. There is yet another side to Mary Cowan's personality. She must believe that "laughter is the hand of God on the shoulder of a troubled world." Even today, her sense of humor is equalled perhaps only by that of her husband, Claude. CLAUDE AND MARY COWAN have shared fifty-five years together in Webster. Summer, 1985, Claude Spencer Clark Trio "Su concert. Among their most treasured memories are the many good neighbors and friends whose lives have touched them over the years. Among their most 1 the many good neigh lives touched them ov Together they have shared the good times and the bad times . They endured the poverty and deprivation of the Great Depression. They shared the grief and sadness associated with the many relatives, friends, and neighbors who were wounded or killed in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. They EdUCI By Joe P . In 1956 I had earned the ho1 address at the Webster Sci what I wanted to say to the c it would be good to recall hi! Webster was a stable com thirty-nine seniors grown up years together, but so had m unusual for the whole famil studied under the same tea, In my memories of those d ly more like family than im not only qualified to instruc highlighted the highlights. What I wanted to say abou said about a dozen more wl lives. But there were things 1 our third grade teacher diff obvious. After years of heari into Mrs. Cowan's room and made an impression- soft, to do what she wanted? Educators, in more recer the "whole child." In 1946 t Cowan. She had us performi SPRING, 1985, HISTORIC WEBSTER, Page 3 ~ars with Webster Claude Cowan has always been interested in politics. He helped with the rechartering of Webster and has served on the town board for thirty years. He has managed many a pros­pective office holder's cam­paign - always success­fully. When Roy Taylor of Asheville became a candi­date for the United States Congress, Cowan took over his Jackson county cam­paign and from his Webster home helped elect Taylor to Congress for several terms. and Mary Cowan attend the mmer Evening in Webster" have sympathized with and assisted their many friends who fell victim to the devastating flood of 1940 as it ravaged homes and other pro- ;reasured memories are bors and friends whose er the years. perty along the banks of the Tuckasegee River where the Cowans lived at the time. But all in all, they agree on one thing as they share their memories with frequent inter­vals of laughter and good humor: that is, they have been richly blessed and have seen more good times than bad. Claude Cowan (center) helped Roy Taylor (left) plan, with Gerald Hardy, his 1960 congressional campaign. "Claude Cowan is more like a brother" By Mildred Cowan Claude J. Cowan is a cousin of mine, though he is more like a brother. He is a son of the late William Cowan, my father's brother, who lived next door to my family. In this day and time my mother would be called a workaholic, and she sometimes would call on Claude to babysit me. He was a good entertainer. He taught me games such as jacks tones, hop scotch and jump rope. He even tried to teach me to make tatting lace, but all I could do was tie knots that would not slip to make a loop. He read stories to me and taught me children's songs. At school he was several grades ahead of me, but he would still look after me. Then I went to boarding school and after that moved to Asheville where I lived for four years. In the meantime Claude married Mary Bridgers of Macclesfield and they began to raise a family. Those years we were not as close as we had been. After my father's death, my mother and I sold the old home place and bought a lot in Webster from Claude's son, Billy Joe. When we became next door neighbors again we took up where we had left off and again resumed our brother-sister relationship. He is my adviser, my handy man, and my confidante. I feel wonderfully blessed to have someone like Claude for a friend. Claude Cowan operated a service station on Sylva's Main Street in 1951. ate the whole child Mary-Cowan's philosophy: Rhinehart 10r to deliver the salutatorian tool graduation. In deciding :lass and its guests I thought :blights of our days together. munity, and not only had we together and spent our school any of our parents. It was not y, parents included, to have cher. ays, teachers, who were real­tructors, teachers who were t but also knew how to love, tone teacher could have been to passed through our young hat made Mrs. Mary Cowan, erent, and the first was very ng our mountain twang, to go hear her soft down east drawl gentle- who would not want t days, talk about educating his was nothing new to Mrs. ng in a rhythm band. She had Mary Cowan's third graders dance in Webster School's annual May Day Celebration, 1958. us keeping poetry notebooks. We did molding clay sculpture. Mrs. Cowan was a great believer in good manners, in­cluding eating habits. Once she had the home economics students appear during our lunch period, and, for several weeks, they taught us the correct eating form: napkins and one hand in the lap and of course, a clean plate always­the clean plate was sometimes hard to come by, but we were graded, and so we ate correctly. Mrs. Cowan was a thorough teacher in the academics. Every activity tied into another. In a social studies class we made a list of community helpers- teacher, police, minister. These words became a spelling list. Then one leader became the theme for a composition. Then the sub­ject became a clay sculpture for art class. I knew twenty-eight years ago the value of good teaching, and I wanted to let my commencement listeners know the value of a good teacher, and so I recounted these same events and those of other teachers to the audience. Now, after twenty-four of my own years spent in a classroom, I know even more the value of education, and though forty years have passed since those third grade days of being forced to each cafeteria spinach, I still eat with one hand and I still clean my plate. Generations of Webster citizens owe much to Mrs. Mary Cowan. Page 4, HISTORIC WEBSTER, SPRING 1985 From The Cowan Scrapbook ... Claude Cowan in Webster, 1918. The photographs were taken in the Madison yard and the R. L. Haskett house is in the background. Mary Bridgers Cowan, summer, 1928. A photograph by Donahue Studios in Sylva. Mary Cowan and her son C. Mary Bridgers was a native of Macclesfield, North Caro­lina. She was about nine or ten when she and her friend Rev a Phillips took a buggy ride. J., about 1933. Mary Bridgers and her friends at Western Carolina University. Louise Parker is left center and Mary Bridgers is beside her. "Summer Evenings . . . " Summer, 1985, will be an exciting time to be in Web­ster. The Webster Historical So­ciety is planning its third season of "Summer Evenings in Webster" for July and it in­vites natives and visitors to attend the events. Scheduled for Sunday even­ings at 5:30 in the Webster United Methodist Olurch, the program this year celebrates the theme of "Anniversar­ies." Stephen Hamilton, the art­ist- in-residence at So'lth­western Technical College, will open the season on July 7 with a concert of vocal and in­strumental music by Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederick Handel, both of whom celebrate their 300th birthdays this year. Harry Cagle, the leader of "Harry Cagle and the Coun­try Cousins," will present a concert on his violin on July 14. Cagle, who is known across the South for his tradi­tional playing, will be presented in a solo perfor­mance which will include dance music, hymns, and tra­ditional mountain music. John Parris, author, editor, and columnist, will read his " Webster Stories ;" stories set in Webster or about Web­ster people on July 21. This year marks the 35th anniver­sary of the publication of Par­ris' first volume of collected pieces, Roaming the Moun­tains. The series will end July 28, with the third appearance of the Spencer Clark Trio. Clark, his wife Mary, and drummer Hoyle Roberson, will feature the music of Jerome Kearn, whose centen­nial is celebrated this year, and his friends . This popular program will be pre­sented, as usual, on the lawn of Hilda and Huck Hoffman on North Main Street and Buchanan Loop. A reception follows each program to honor the per­forming artists. Madison Poems In Sunset Program A long planned e~ent of fhe Webster Historical Society will be realized on July 5, when the Society releases it's latest publication, The Poems of Robert Lee Madison. Webster Mayor James Simpson will preside over the outdoor program set for the back yard of Court House Square at sunset, eight o'clock. Chancellor Myron L. Coul­ter, Western Carolina Univer­sity, Kate Moore Rhinehart, and Louise Madison Bedford will speak on the professor as educator, community leader, and family man. Society pre­sident Mildred Cowan will present the Madison family with the first numbered copy of the book. Jim Gray, editor of The Sylva Herald, will read selected Madison poems. The program will open with guitar music and end with Dr. Alex­ander A. Lesueuer on the flute. Sunset was Professor Madi­son's favorite time and the village was often entertained by his front porch guitar and flute concerts. All are invited to attend this special event to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Mr. Madison's arrival in Jackson County. Miss Lucy's Picnic Planned For July 4th The second annual "Miss Lucy's Picnic" will be held on Thursday afternoon, July 4, at 4:30 on the lawn of Castalia, the former home of Miss Lucy Hedden, now the home of Hazel and John Fobes. Last summer the Webster Historical Society revived the picnic which Miss Lucy ori­ginated years ago as a com­munity celebration of the na­tion's birthday. Only once, just after the end of Worl
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