190 research outputs found
Timaeus von Guldenklee
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/342133Specialty: author. Back of card is blank.138585
item: [2014.0039.00296] "Timaeus von Guldenklee
Forms as Active Causes in Plato's Phaedo and Timaeus
No full textThis dissertation argues that in Plato’s Phaedo and Timaeus, the forms are active causes. By this I mean that it is wrong to think of them as inert models which are imitated by physical things. Instead, they act on the physical world in such a way as to bring about their likenesses as effects. I begin with a careful analysis of the aetiological passage in the Phaedo (95e-106e), where Socrates criticizes the aetiologies of the physicists and of Anaxagoras. This analysis reveals Socrates’ criteria for a proper aetiology and also sheds light on why he eventually identifies the forms as aitiai capable of fulfilling these criteria. I then examine arguments against taking aitiai to be causes, especially those offered by Gregory Vlastos and Michael Frede. I refute those arguments and draw evidence from the text of the Phaedo to show that forms are indeed active causes. I then turn to the Timaeus, from which I present evidence that the cosmic Demiurge is intended to represent the active causality of the forms, considered as an interwoven whole. I then argue that the Timaeus portrays physical things as images of forms, and that the sort of imagery involved is such that the forms must be causally prior to physical things. This again leads to the conclusion that forms are active causes. Finally, I examine the question of how eternally changeless forms can be causes in a changing, temporal world. I draw the elements of a possible solution from the Timaeus and Statesman. My conclusion is that in the Phaedo and Timaeus, Plato truly intends the forms to be active causes, and that this interpretation can withstand the arguments commonly made against it.PhilosophyAitia, Causes, Forms, Phaedo, Plato, TimaeusPhilosophyDegree Awarded: Ph.D. Philosophy. The Catholic University of Americ
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231205661 - Supplemental material for [<sup>18</sup>F]LW223 has low non-displaceable binding in murine brain, enabling high sensitivity TSPO PET imaging
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231205661 for [18F]LW223 has low non-displaceable binding in murine brain, enabling high sensitivity TSPO PET imaging by Agne Knyzeliene, Mark G MacAskill, Carlos J Alcaide-Corral, Timaeus EF Morgan, Martyn C Henry, Christophe Lucatelli, Sally L Pimlott, Andrew Sutherland and Adriana AS Tavares in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Credit rationing, tenancy, productivity, and the dynamics of inequality
No full textWhy, when given the same resources, might productivity be lower on farms operated through sharecropping than on owner-run farms? The reason is that sharecropping, much less wage contracts, cannot overcome the divergence of interests between those who till the land and those who own it. Only land redistribution can do that. This paper presents notes toward a general equilibrium theory of land tenancy that suggest how changes in technology and publicly provided infrastructure can affect the equilibrium distribution of land in countries where credit is rationed. When credit to famers is rationed, changes in technology can increase the inequality in landholdings - with a long term increase in share tenancy. This is turn might reduce productivity, at least partially offsetting the initial improvements. The paper suggests that the development of effective rural financial institutions would reduce the likelihood of these negative effects on equality and productivity. It further cautions though that past attempts in creating such institutions have failed because of a lack of accountability and of enforcement procedures.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Growth,Municipal Financial Management
The Excerpt from Timaeus Locrus 22
No full textThe missing link in the history of this excerpt in found in codex Marcianus graecus IV, 1 described in the recent catalogue by E. Mioni. The history of the Codex elucidates the history of the excerpt.
Theodor Poljakov, The unpublished doxographical Scholia on St. Basil's « Hexaemeron ». — Revue d'Histoire des Textes, t. XII-XIII, 1982-1983, pp. 367-369.
The author intends to edit several doxographical scholia on the « Hexaemeron », included in the Moscow Ms Synod, gr. 134 (fourteenth century).Le maillon manquant de l'histoire de cet extrait se trouve dans le Marcianus gr. IV, 1 qu'E. Mioni décrit dans son catalogue récent. L'histoire du codex éclaire l'histoire de l'extrait.Diller Aubrey. The Excerpt from Timaeus Locrus 22. In: Revue d'histoire des textes, bulletin n°12-13 (1982-1983), 1985. pp. 365-366
The literary phenomenon of 'conflation’ in the reworking of Paul’s letter to the Colossians by the author of the letter to the Ephesians
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the nature of the relationship of the Letter to the Ephesians (Eph) to Paul's Letter to the Colossians (Col).The first three chapters seek to argue that this relationship should be designated as "literary dependent". In Chapter I the suggestion made by A.T. Lincoln (Dallas [Texas], 1990) that the contemporary redaction of the Letter of Aristeas by Josephus in his Jewish Antiquities, Book XII, §§ 11-118 is similar to the use the author of Eph made of Col, is exposed to critical review. Chapter II focuses on the phenomenon of repeated 'conflation' in Eph. This literary phenomenon entails that several 'Colossian' texts from different parts of Col are conflated by the author of Eph into one passage and is subjected to exhaustive analysis. It is argued that conflation is the main feature of the literary dependence of Eph on Col but does not occur in Josephus' reworking of the Letter of Aristeas. Chapter III continues the comparison between the method of reworking employed in the Jewish Antiquities and in Eph by pointing out that the fluctuation in verbatim agreement of one document with its source can be meaningful. Chapter IV provides the new synopsis of both letters on which the whole examination is based. This synoptic overview is a desideratum since the previous synoptic editions of the Greek text of both letters by E.J. Goodspeed (Chicago, 1933) and C.L. Mitton (Oxford, 1951) are not accurate enough and unsuitable for research that focuses on the conflations of 'Colossian' verses in Eph. The fifth and last chapter deals with the question why Eph is literary dependent on Col and shows that despite the literary dependence, the theology of Eph is distinctive in comparison with its source Col. The distinctiveness of Eph's theology consists in a critical modification of the stress which Col places on Christ's already accomplished victory over the cosmic powers (Co/ 2.15). In order to safeguard an authoritative reception of his modification of Col, the author of Eph presented his letter as the parallel letter of Col alluded to m Col 4.16. The literary dependence on Col is necessary both to modify its content and to present his own writing as its parallel letter
Grecisms in the Ancient Armenian Timaeus
No full textThe article presents the results of a linguistic and traductological analysis
of the ancient Armenian version of the Timaeus as preserved in the primary
witnesses (chiefly, ms. V 1123, San Lazzaro, Venice), in relation with its Greek
source. The author addresses three linguistic features influenced by Greek
(non-Classical compound verbs, genitive absolutes and circumstantial infinitives
in the instrumental case), examining their distribution and degree of correspondence
with their Greek equivalents. The data suggest that the translator
did not operate mechanically. He was clearly able to recognise morphological
or syntactical parallelisms between Greek and Armenian elements, but did not
feel compelled to apply any biunique correspondences between them. Grecisms
clearly coexisted alongside more genuinely Armenian options in his linguistic
competence, as they were not confined to passages in which the corresponding
Greek features were attested. Once combined with the results acquired through
a previous analysis focused on the semantic field of “being” and “becoming”,
the new data concur in drawing the picture of a skilled translator (or team), who
had a good – although by no means perfect ‒ understanding of the linguistically
and philosophically complex source text, and was able to make creative use of
linguistic features of different origins in order to convey its perceived meaning
Quantification of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation During Myocardial Infarction with 18F-LW223, a Novel TSPO Radiotracer with Binding Independent of the rs6971 Human Polymorphism
No full textMyocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and inflammation is central to tissue response and patient outcomes. The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been used in PET as an inflammatory biomarker. The aims of this study were to screen novel, fluorinated, TSPO radiotracers for susceptibility to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism using in vitro competition binding assays in human brain and heart; assess whether the in vivo characteristics of our lead radiotracer, 18F-LW223, are suitable for clinical translation; and validate whether 18F-LW223 can detect macrophage- driven inflammation in a rat MI model. Methods: Fifty-one human brain and 29 human heart tissue samples were screened for the rs6971 polymorphism. Competition binding assays were conducted with 3H-PK11195 and the following ligands: PK11195, PBR28, and our novel compounds (AB5186 and LW223). Na¨ıve rats and mice were used for in vivo PET kinetic studies, radiometabolite studies, and dosimetry experiments. Rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and were scanned using PET/CT with an invasive input function at 7 d after MI. For quantification of PET signal in the hypoperfused myocardium, K1 (rate constant for transfer from arterial plasma to tissues) was used as a surrogate marker of perfusion to correct the binding potential for impaired radiotracer transfer from plasma to tissue (BPTC). Results: LW223 binding to TSPO was not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in human brain and heart samples. In rodents, 18F-LW223 displayed a specific uptake consistent with TSPO expression, a slow metabolism in blood (69% of parent at 120 min), a high plasma free fraction of 38.5%, and a suitable dosimetry profile (effective dose of 20.5–24.5 μSv/MBq). 18F-LW223 BPTC was significantly higher in the MI cohort within the infarct territory of the anterior wall relative to the anterior wall of na¨ıve animals (32.7 ± 5.0 vs. 10.0 ± 2.4 cm3/mL/min, P # 0.001). Ex vivo immunofluorescent staining for TSPO and CD68 (macrophage marker) resulted in the same pattern seen with in vivo BPTC analysis. Conclusion: 18FLW223 is not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in in vitro assays, has favorable in vivo characteristics, and is able to accurately map macrophage-driven inflammation after MI. Mark G. MacAskill, Agne Stadulyte, Lewis Williams, Timaeus E.F. Morgan, Nikki L. Sloan, Carlos J. Alcaide- Corral, Tashfeen Walton, Catriona Wimberley, Chris-Anne McKenzie, Nick Spath, William Mungall, Ralph BouHaidar, Marc R. Dweck, Gillian A. Gray, David E. Newby, Christophe Lucatelli, Andrew Sutherland, Sally L. Pimlott, and Adriana A.S. TavaresMacAskill, Mark; Stadulyte, Agne; Morgan, Timaeus; Alcaide Corral, Carlos; Wimberley, Catriona; Tavares, Adriana A.S.. (2022). Quantification of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation During Myocardial Infarction with 18F-LW223, a Novel TSPO Radiotracer with Binding Independent of the rs6971 Human Polymorphism, [dataset]. University of Edinburgh. Centre for Cardiovascular Science. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/3489
Quantification of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation During Myocardial Infarction with 18F-LW223, a Novel TSPO Radiotracer with Binding Independent of the rs6971 Human Polymorphism
No full textMyocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death
worldwide, and inflammation is central to tissue response and patient
outcomes. The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been used in
PET as an inflammatory biomarker. The aims of this study were to
screen novel, fluorinated, TSPO radiotracers for susceptibility to the
rs6971 genetic polymorphism using in vitro competition binding assays
in human brain and heart; assess whether the in vivo characteristics
of our lead radiotracer, 18F-LW223, are suitable for clinical
translation; and validate whether 18F-LW223 can detect macrophage-
driven inflammation in a rat MI model. Methods: Fifty-one
human brain and 29 human heart tissue samples were screened
for the rs6971 polymorphism. Competition binding assays were conducted
with 3H-PK11195 and the following ligands: PK11195, PBR28,
and our novel compounds (AB5186 and LW223). Na¨ıve rats and mice
were used for in vivo PET kinetic studies, radiometabolite studies, and
dosimetry experiments. Rats underwent permanent coronary artery
ligation and were scanned using PET/CT with an invasive input function
at 7 d after MI. For quantification of PET signal in the hypoperfused
myocardium, K1 (rate constant for transfer from arterial plasma
to tissues) was used as a surrogate marker of perfusion to correct the
binding potential for impaired radiotracer transfer from plasma to
tissue (BPTC). Results: LW223 binding to TSPO was not susceptible
to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in human brain and heart samples.
In rodents, 18F-LW223 displayed a specific uptake consistent
with TSPO expression, a slow metabolism in blood (69% of parent at
120 min), a high plasma free fraction of 38.5%, and a suitable dosimetry
profile (effective dose of 20.5–24.5 μSv/MBq). 18F-LW223 BPTC
was significantly higher in the MI cohort within the infarct territory of
the anterior wall relative to the anterior wall of na¨ıve animals (32.7 ±
5.0 vs. 10.0 ± 2.4 cm3/mL/min, P # 0.001). Ex vivo immunofluorescent
staining for TSPO and CD68 (macrophage marker) resulted in
the same pattern seen with in vivo BPTC analysis. Conclusion: 18FLW223
is not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in in
vitro assays, has favorable in vivo characteristics, and is able to accurately
map macrophage-driven inflammation after MI.
Mark G. MacAskill, Agne Stadulyte, Lewis Williams, Timaeus E.F. Morgan, Nikki L. Sloan, Carlos J. Alcaide-
Corral, Tashfeen Walton, Catriona Wimberley, Chris-Anne McKenzie, Nick Spath, William Mungall,
Ralph BouHaidar, Marc R. Dweck, Gillian A. Gray, David E. Newby, Christophe Lucatelli, Andrew Sutherland,
Sally L. Pimlott, and Adriana A.S. Tavare
Molecular probes for understanding disease using PET and fluorescence imaging
No full textDuring the course of this PhD, several libraries of potential PET imaging agents were synthesised for testing their affinity and selectivity for sphingosine-1-phosphate 5 receptors (S1P5). These receptors are located within oligodendrocytes and are proposed to have a major role in the re-myelination of neurons. Imaging of these receptors could lead to new treatments and diagnostic tools for the management of demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The libraries of compounds were subject to biological evaluation and two lead compounds, fluorobenzamides 89 and 94, were identified as being the most potent and selective for S1P5 receptors. The synthesis of a further compound that was described in the literature as having high affinity for S1P5 was adapted to allow for the preparation of precursor 124 for 11C-labelling. The radiosynthesis of compound [11C]33 was then optimised.
An improved synthesis of AB5186, an imaging agent for the translocator protein (TSPO),was developed. TSPO has been shown to be involved in inflammatory processes and is a biomarker for many inflammatory diseases. Evaluation of AB5186 led to the synthesis of a higher affinity compound LW223 (155), which was not sensitive to the single nucleotide polymorphism present in TSPO. A synthesis of LW223 (155) was developed that allowed for the production of two potential precursors for radiofluorination. Investigation of the radiochemistry showed a chloro-precursor was the most efficient for 18F-labelling.
Finally, an investigation into a polymer-supported nitrite reagent approach for the synthesis of benzotriazole derived α-amino acids allowed the preparation of a variety of functionalised compounds in relatively few steps. Further derivatisation of these compounds led to the discovery of a benzotriazole derived α-amino acid 212 with strong fluorescence in the visible region
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