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Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology
No full textRamalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M., Bastos, Alex C. (2018): Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa 4483 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.
Labioporella tuberculata Winston, Vieira & Woollacott 2014
No full textLabioporella tuberculata Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 ( Fig. 2B) Labioporella tuberculata Winston et al., 2014: 144, figs 2, 3; Vieira et al., 2016: 75, figs 32–34; Bastos et al., 2018: table 1. Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1337, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Colony encrusting, autozooids rectangular with rounded distal edges, disposed in quincunx and separated from each other by a raised edge. Cryptocyst granular and porous. A pair of tubercles frequently present at the proximal corners. Avicularia absent in this material. Geographic distribution. Alagoas and Bahia states (Vieira et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. Specimens found at Abrolhos were very similar to those described by Winston et al. (2014) and Vieira et al. (2016). Labioporella tuberculata resembles L. dipla Marcus, 1949, also described from Brazil (Espírito Santo State), but L. dipla has a prominent tubercle on the distal wall beneath the operculum, smaller zooids and lacks tubercles at the proximal corners of the zooids. Another similar species is L. granulosa (Canu & Bassler, 1928b), described from the Gulf of Mexico, which also lacks corner tubercles.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
Exechonella Canu & Bassler in Duvergier 1924
No full textExechonella sp. ( Fig. 2E) Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1375, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Description. Small encrusting fragments comprising a few zooids (Fig. 2E). Autozooids rhomboidal, longer than wide, separated by deep fissures; frontal wall convex, perforated by large circular pores surrounded by a smooth flat collar. Orifice almost quadrate, as wide as long; condyles, avicularia, kenozooids and ovicells not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State (Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. Due to the poor preservation and difficulty of obtaining colonies from the inner core, this specimen can be identified only to genus level. According to Cáceres-Chamizo et al. (2017), two species of Exechonella are confirmed to occur in Brazilian waters: E. brasiliensis Canu & Bassler, 1928a, described from the Bahia coast (Canu & Bassler 1928a; Vieira et al. 2008), and E. vieirai Cáceres-Chamizo et al. 2017, described from Alagoas and Bahia states (Vieira et al. 2008; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015a).Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
Arthropoma cecilii : Canu & Bassler 1929
No full textArthropoma cecilii (Audouin, 1826) ( Figs 5H, 7G) Flustra cecilii Audouin, 1826: 239. Arthropoma cecilii: Canu & Bassler, 1929: 296; Marcus, 1937: 96, fig. 49; 1955: 297; Vieira et al., 2008: 31; Ramalho et al., 2011: 777, fig. 5; Bastos et al., 2018: table 1. Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1376, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Short description. Encrusting colonies, forming single layers (Fig. 5H); orange in colour with white ovicells when alive (Fig. 7G). Autozooids hexagonal to rectangular, frontal wall perforated by large circular pseudopores, except in a central area beneath the orifice. Ovicell hyperstomial. Geographic distribution. Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Marcus 1937, 1955; Ramalho et al. 2011), Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. Arthropoma cecilii has a worldwide distribution, although its apparent cosmopolitan nature deserves re-evaluation. In the present study, colonies were recorded only at 15 m deep, inside the cores and on the surface of the reefs; those on the external reef surfaces were alive and fertile.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on pages 170-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
Crisia Lamouroux 1812
No full textCrisia sp. Crisia sp.: Bastos et al., 2018: table 1. Short description. Only incomplete internodes, comprising up to six zooids, are present in the samples; peristomes broken, arranged in alternating series, opening on the branch frontal sides. Small pseudopores scattered across the frontal and dorsal sides of the internodes. Gonozooids not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. Small fragments of Crisia sp. were frequently found inside the reef framework from cores at 15 and 25 m depths. The lack of gonozooids and incomplete internodes makes species identification impossible. Due to the fragility of the small internodes, they could not be easily extracted.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
Steginoporella magnilabris
No full textSteginoporella magnilabris (Busk, 1854) ( Figs 2A, 7A–B) Membranipora magnilabris Busk, 1854: 62 (part), 113. Steganoporella magnilabris: Marcus, 1955: 284, fig. 25; Cook, 1964: 53, figs 2, 4. Steginoporella magnilabris: Winston, 1986: 10; Winston, 2005: 29, figs 73–75; Winston & Woollacott, 2009: 252, fig. 11; Winston et al., 2014: 150, fig. 6; Almeida et al., 2015a: 4; Winston, 2016: 8, fig. 2; Vieira et al., 2016: 77, fig. 16l; Bastos et al., 2018: table 1. Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1336, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry323 (Fig. 2A), MNRJ-Bry324, Redonda Island, April 2000, col. C.E.L. Ferreira. Short description. Fragments of colonies erect and frondose (Fig. 7A, B); beige in colour. Autozooids rectangular, arranged quincuncially (Fig. 2A); A-zooids of smaller size, rectangular, orifice D-shaped (Fig. 2A) with a pair of prominent condyles on the proximal corners; B-zooids larger in size (Fig. 2A), operculum almost square, sclerite inverted Y-shaped, with numerous strong and curved teeth decreasing in size towards lateral border. Cryptocyst perforated by small pores, slightly concave, forming a depressed median process with an associated polypide tube (Fig. 2A). Geographic distribution. Caribbean (Winston 1986). Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Alagoas States (Busk 1854; Marcus 1955; Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015a; Vieira et al. 2016; Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. Four species of Steginoporella have been described from Brazil: S. magnilabris Busk, 1852, S. buskii Harmer, 1900 (as S. transversalis by Canu & Bassler 1928a), S. connexa Harmer, 1900, and S. evelinae Marcus, 1949 (Busk 1854; Canu & Bassler 1928a; Marcus 1938, 1949, 1955; Cook 1964; Braga 1968, Winston et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2015a; Vieira et al. 2016). Steginoporella magnilabris was recorded from the AB by Busk (1854) (NHM 1854.11.15.222), Almeida et al. (2015a) and Bastos et al. (2018). It can be distinguished from S. buskii, which has A-zooid and B-zooid of similar size, and the operculum of the B-zooids has numerous, small or sometimes vestigial teeth. Steginoporella connexa has a cryptocyst pierced by two narrow opesiules on each side, while S. evelinae has two large projecting tubercles adjacent to the orifice and the edges of the opesiules bear small sharp pointed denticles.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
Arthropoma cecilii : Canu & Bassler 1929
No full text<i>Arthropoma cecilii</i> (Audouin, 1826) <p> <b>(</b> Figs 5H, 7G)</p> <p> <i>Flustra cecilii</i> Audouin, 1826: 239.</p> <p> <i>Arthropoma cecilii</i>: Canu & Bassler, 1929: 296; Marcus, 1937: 96, fig. 49; 1955: 297; Vieira <i>et al</i>., 2008: 31; Ramalho <i>et al</i>., 2011: 777, fig. 5; Bastos <i>et al</i>., 2018: table 1.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1376, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 4 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos.</p> <p> <b>Short description.</b> Encrusting colonies, forming single layers (Fig. 5H); orange in colour with white ovicells when alive (Fig. 7G). Autozooids hexagonal to rectangular, frontal wall perforated by large circular pseudopores, except in a central area beneath the orifice. Ovicell hyperstomial.</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution</b>. Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Marcus 1937, 1955; Ramalho <i>et al</i>. 2011), Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (Bastos <i>et al</i>. 2018; present study).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Arthropoma cecilii</i> has a worldwide distribution, although its apparent cosmopolitan nature deserves re-evaluation. In the present study, colonies were recorded only at 15 m deep, inside the cores and on the surface of the reefs; those on the external reef surfaces were alive and fertile.</p>Published as part of <i>Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1)</i> on pages 170-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437570">http://zenodo.org/record/1437570</a>
Taxonomy of Porifera from São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil
No full textDespite its great biogeographic and strategic importance, only six sponge species have been identified from São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil (formerly Saint Paul Rocks ), since 1886. ln the present study 101 sponge specimens were collected in the archipelago through free diving and SCUBA down to 50 m depth in two expeditions in 2000 and 2001. Twenty-one species were described, including photographs of living and preserved specimens, light micrographs of thick sections, scanning electron micrographs of microscleres, and camera lucida drawings of megascleres. Seventeen species were identified at species level and four at genus level; they represent 10 orders of two classes of Porifera (Calcarea and Demospongiae ). Five new species and 20 new records for the archipelago are described. The genus Discodermia, known to produce compounds with high pharmacological potential is recorded for the first time from Brazil. A key to the identification of the 21 species described is given. Based on previous records, field observations and present identifications, I estimate that 29 is the minimum number of sponge species in São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago. The sponge fauna of the archipelago has greater similarity with those of Brazil and Caribbean than with that of West Africa, supporting the hypothesis of its colonization via the Equatorial Counter-Current.CAPESFAPERJApenas seis espécies de esponjas haviam sido identificadas no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil, desde 1886, apesar da sua grande importância biogeográfica e estratégica. Neste trabalho foram coletados 101 espécimes de esponjas no Arquipélago, através de mergulhos livres e autônomos até 50 metros de profundidade, durante duas expedições realizadas em 2000 e 2001. Vinte e uma espécies de esponjas foram decritas, incluindo fotografias de espécimes in vivo e fixados, fotografias em microscopia ótica de cortes espêssos, micrografias eletrônicas de varredura das microscleras e desenhos das megascleras. Dezessete espécies foram identificadas ao nível de espécie e quatro ao nível de gênero, abrangendo 10 ordens de duas Classes (Demospongiae e Calcarea ). São descritas cinco espécies novas de esponjas e registradas 20 novas ocorrências para o Arquipélago. O gênero Discodermia, que produz compostos com alto potencial farmacológico, é registrado pela primeira vez para o Brasil. É fornecida uma chave para a identificação das 21 espécies descritas no trabalho. Com base em registros anteriores observações de campo e nas presentes identificações estima-se em 29 o número mínimo de espécies de esponjas no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. A fauna de esponjas do Arquipélago apresentou uma maior semelhança com a do Caribe e Brasil que com a da África Ocidental, reforçando a teoria de uma colonização via Contra Corrente Equatorial
Utinga castanea
No full textUtinga castanea (Busk, 1884) ( Figs 5G, 7F) Mucronella castanea Busk, 1884: 157, pl. XIX, fig. 6. Utinga castanea: Marcus, 1949: 21, figs 26–29; Vieira et al., 2008: 30; Almeida et al., 2015a: 5; Bastos et al., 2018: table 1. Material examined. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil: MNRJ-Bry1339, Parcel dos Abrolhos, 15 m depth, February 2014, col. R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1346, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1363, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos; MNRJ-Bry1370, California Reef, 25 m depth, March 2015, col. F.C. Moraes, R. Moura, G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Description. Flat colonies, forming unilamellar plates. Dark brown colour preserved after collection and storage (Fig. 7F). Autozooids large, longer than wide (830–957–1180 µm long x 428–540–654 µm wide), polygonal with distal corner usually rounded. Frontal wall porous, coarsely tuberculate. Orifice coarctate, large (250–288–342 µm long x 224–255–281 µm wide), with two triangular hinge-teeth and prominent condyles situated below the midline, proximal rim with a rounded and large crescent lyrula (Fig. 5G). Two types of avicularia present, disposed laterally to the orifice, suboral or on the frontal shield: (1) large, triangular and sword-like avicularia (314–378–419 µm long) with rostrum slightly curved to one side, located on one or both sides of the orifice, rarely on the frontal surface (one, two, or rarely, three avicularia per autozooid), directed distally or sometimes slightly curved to orifice; crossbar complete; (2) small, rounded avicularia (97–119–134 µm long), directed distally and located more proximally of the orifice; rostrum rounded and crossbar complete; frequently two small avicularia (96–102–108 µm long) present at the frontal corners; similar to the small lateral avicularia, rostrum rounded and directed to proximal region, crossbar complete (Fig. 5G). Ovicell globose, longer than wide (430–460–495 µm long x 388–415–430 µm wide), extending onto the distal zooid; ooecial surface perforated by tiny pores disposed in deep depressions, absent proximally; aperture opening inside the maternal orifice. Geographic distribution. Alagoas, Bahia, and Espírito Santo states (Busk 1884; Marcus 1949; Vieira et al. 2008; Almeida et al. 2015a; Bastos et al. 2018; present study). Remarks. This species has been recorded previously in northeastern and southeastern Brazil (Busk 1884; Marcus 1949; Almeida et al. 2015a). Marcus (1949) described Utinga castanea from Alagoas State but did not mention the presence of the two different types of avicularia (large and acute, and small and rounded). However, Busk (1884) showed them in his plates of material collected from Bahia State, leaving no doubt about the presence of both kinds of avicularia. The material of Marcus (1949) has the following dimensions: zooid 1–1.2 mm long x 500–700 µm wide; orifice up to 280 µm long x 220 µm wide; large avicularia 370 µm long. Some colonies from Abrolhos show avicularia in different positions (suboral, on the frontal shield) and greater in number (up to four per zooid). Utinga is represented by a single living species, plus two species described from the middle Miocene of Egypt: U. habisensis Abbas & El-Senoussi, 1979 and U. rakhamensis Abbas & El-Senoussi, 1979.Published as part of Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. & Bastos, Alex C., 2018, Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology, pp. 155-186 in Zootaxa 4483 (1) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143757
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