1,721,930 research outputs found
Words of wisdom. Re: Radial distance of extraprostatic extension measured by ocular micrometer is an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen recurrence. A new proposal for the substaging of pT3a prostate cancer .
No full textEditorial comment on: FGFR3 mutations and a normal CK20 staining pattern define low-grade noninvasive urothelial bladder tumours.
No full textClinical Reliability of the 2004 WHO Histological Classification System Compared With the 1973 WHO System for Ta Primary Bladder Tumors. Editorial comment.
No full textIntratubular germ cell neoplasia of the testis: Testicular intraepithelial neoplasia.
No full textThe observations of Skakkebaek and the evolution of the concept of intratubular germ cell neoplasia (or testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN)) indicate that most, but not all, germ cell tumors of the testis evolve from a common neoplastic precursor lesion: intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (IGCNU). It is defined as the presence of malignant germ cells within the seminiferous tubules. At 5 years about 50% of patients with a testicular biopsy positive for IGCNU have developed invasive germ cell tumors, and only a small fraction remain free of invasive tumors by 7 years. Orchiectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with unilateral IGCNU, and low-dose radiation is efficacious in patients with bilateral IGCNU (although sterility is certain). So far, there is only one published report of occurrence of two cases of germ cell cancer despite previous local radiotherapy to the testis. A recent study demonstrated an estimated risk of recurrent IGCNU following chemotherapy of 21% and 42% at 5 and 10 years, respectively
Impact of prostate cancer multifocality on its biology and treatment.
No full textAny focal therapy requires correct localization of the lesion; consequently, much effort is now devoted to accurate characterization of the spatial distribution of the tumor within the prostate. One of the greatest difficulties in the localization of prostate cancer is its frequent multifocality, but prostate cancer is unifocal in 13% to 43.7% of cases and unilateral in 19.2%. In cases of multifocality, it seems that the index tumor is the biologic driving force behind the malignant potential of prostate cancer. Not only is the Gleason score of the secondary nodes lower than that of the index node, but 80% of the secondary nodes are smaller than 0.5 cc and almost all extraprostatic extensions are associated with the largest cancers. While current evaluation with 12 to 18 core biopsies may be adequate to determine the index lesion, transperineal three-dimensional mapping biopsy of the prostate should be undertaken if greater accuracy is needed
Reflection on the past, present and future of analytical and quantitative cytology and histology
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