1,192 research outputs found
A comparative analysis of different business ethics in the perspective of the Common Good
Full text linkThe paper concerns the connection between different tipologies of business ethics (kantian, utilitarian, aristotelic) and the alternative vision of economic development, company’s organizational and managerial context together with interest in Common Good more or less associated to profit to which they have given rise. In this comparison virtue ethics stands out for its capacity of creating, specially through the business virtue of generosity, social capital so precious to economic development at every level, for its capability of increasing people’s well-being, and for its capacity to make the production of relational goods (among which Common Good), on which people’s happiness depends, easier. Gift’s paradigm recovery can also be helpful to prevent other financial and economic crisis like the actual one which has had, like less striking but deepest cause, the triumph of avarice’s vice on the virtues of giving (generosity and justice).Business Ethics, Gift’s Economy, Generosity, Charity, Mercy, Social Capital, Relational Goods, Common Good
Temporary job protection and productivity growth in EU economies
Full text linkThe present study examines cross-national and sectoral differences in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in fourteen European countries and ten sectors from 1995 to 2007. The main aim is to ascertain the role of employment protection of temporary contracts on TFP by estimating their effects with a “difference-in-difference” approach. Results show that deregulation of temporary contracts negatively influences the growth rates of TFP in European economies and that, within sectoral analysis, the role of this liberalisation is greater in industries where firms are more used to opening short-term positions. By contrast, in our observation period, restrictions on regular jobs do not cause significant effects on TFP, whereas limited regulation of product markets and higher R&D expenses positively affect efficiency growth.productivity, labour regulation.
Now It Compiles! Certified Automatic Repair of Uncompilable Protocols
Full text linkChoreographic programming is a paradigm where developers write the global specification (called choreography) of a communicating system, and then a correct-by-construction distributed implementation is compiled automatically. Unfortunately, it is possible to write choreographies that cannot be compiled, because of issues related to an agreement property known as knowledge of choice. This forces programmers to reason manually about implementation details that may be orthogonal to the protocol that they are writing.
Amendment is an automatic procedure for repairing uncompilable choreographies. We present a formalisation of amendment from the literature, built upon an existing formalisation of choreographic programming. However, in the process of formalising the expected properties of this procedure, we discovered a subtle counterexample that invalidates the original published and peer-reviewed pen-and-paper theory. We discuss how using a theorem prover led us to both finding the issue, and stating and proving a correct formulation of the properties of amendment
Evaluating Discrete Dynamic Strategies in Affine Models
Full text linkWe consider the problem of measuring the performance of a dynamic strategy, rebalanced at a discrete set of dates, whose objective is that of replicating a claim in an incomplete market driven by a general multi-dimensional affine process. The main purpose of the paper is to propose a method to efficiently compute the expected value and variance of the hedging error of the strategy. Representing the pay-off the claim as an inverse Laplace transform, we are able to get semi-explicit formulas for strategies satisfying a certain property. The result is quite general and can be applied to a very rich class of models and strategies, including Delta hedging. We provide illustrations for the cases of interest rate models and Heston's stochastic volatility model.
JoT:A Jolie framework for testing microservices
Full text linkWe present JoT, a testing framework for Microservice Architectures (MSAs) based on technology agnosticism, a core principle of microservices. The main advantage of JoT is that it reduces the amount of work for a) testing for MSAs whose services use different technology stacks, b) writing tests that involve multiple services, and c) reusing tests of the same MSA under different deployment configurations or after changing some of its components. In JoT, tests are orchestrators that can both consume or offer operations from/to the MSA under test. The language for writing JoT tests is Jolie, which provides constructs that support technology agnosticism and the definition of terse test behaviours.</p
Ozone: Fully Out-of-Order Choreographies (Artifact)
Full text linkChoreographic programming is a paradigm for writing distributed applications. It allows programmers to write a single program, called a choreography, that can be compiled to generate correct implementations of each process in the application. Although choreographies provide good static guarantees, they can exhibit high latency when messages or processes are delayed. This is because processes in a choreography typically execute in a fixed, deterministic order, and cannot adapt to the order that messages arrive at runtime. In non-choreographic code, programmers can address this problem by allowing processes to execute out of order - for instance by using futures or reactive programming. However, in choreographic code, out-of-order process execution can lead to serious and subtle bugs, called communication integrity violations (CIVs).
In this paper, we develop a model of choreographic programming for out-of-order processes that guarantees absence of CIVs and deadlocks. As an application of our approach, we also introduce an API for safe non-blocking communication via futures in the choreographic programming language Choral. The API allows processes to execute out of order, participate in multiple choreographies concurrently, and to handle unordered data messages. We provide an illustrative evaluation of our API, showing that out-of-order execution can reduce latency and increase throughput by overlapping communication with computation
Learning Curve and Wind Power
Full text linkThis study explores the reasons why countries have chosen subsidies to green electricity instead of implementing the more common Pigouvian tax on polluting emissions. I focus on the learning by doing effects from the production of wind power on the cost of future production as a justification for the observed policies. In doing so, I present two models that differ in the way I introduce learning. Under reasonable parameter values, the price paid to a firm for the energy produced from wind power is heterogeneous, and varies among the firms that produce energy from wind power according to the index of productivity of the firm itself. The suggested strategies of this research differ from the main price-driven schemes adopted by EU members; by comparing such results with European Union policy, the paper show that EU policy is not optimal.learning by doing, environmental policy, Pigouvian taxes, subsidies.
Formalising a Turing-Complete Choreographic Language in Coq
Full text linkThe theory of choreographic languages typically includes a number of complex results that are proved by structural induction. The high number of cases and the subtle details in some of them lead to long reviewing processes, and occasionally to errors being found in published proofs. In this work, we take a published proof of Turing completeness of a choreographic language and formalise it in Coq. Our development includes formalising the choreographic language, its basic properties, Kleene’s theory of partial recursive functions, the encoding of these functions as choreographies, and a proof that this encoding is correct.
With this effort, we show that theorem proving can be a very useful tool in the field of choreographic languages: besides the added degree of confidence that we get from a mechanised proof, the formalisation process led us to a significant simplification of the underlying theory. Our results offer a foundation for the future formal development of choreographic languages
Ozone: Fully Out-of-Order Choreographies
Full text linkChoreographic programming is a paradigm for writing distributed applications. It allows programmers to write a single program, called a choreography, that can be compiled to generate correct implementations of each process in the application. Although choreographies provide good static guarantees, they can exhibit high latency when messages or processes are delayed. This is because processes in a choreography typically execute in a fixed, deterministic order, and cannot adapt to the order that messages arrive at runtime. In non-choreographic code, programmers can address this problem by allowing processes to execute out of order - for instance by using futures or reactive programming. However, in choreographic code, out-of-order process execution can lead to serious and subtle bugs, called communication integrity violations (CIVs).
In this paper, we develop a model of choreographic programming for out-of-order processes that guarantees absence of CIVs and deadlocks. As an application of our approach, we also introduce an API for safe non-blocking communication via futures in the choreographic programming language Choral. The API allows processes to execute out of order, participate in multiple choreographies concurrently, and to handle unordered data messages. We provide an illustrative evaluation of our API, showing that out-of-order execution can reduce latency and increase throughput by overlapping communication with computation
- …
