17,708 research outputs found
Acalypha magistri I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text32. <i>Acalypha magistri</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>South African Journal of Botany</i> 146: 640 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2022). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Sava region (Antsiranana prov.), au nord d’Andapa, dans la Réserve naturelle intégrale de Marojejy, aux environs du sommet d’Ambatosoratra, 1583 m, 14°32’S, 49°42’E, 17-24.VI.1994, <i>D. Ravelonarivo 273</i> (holo-, MO; iso-, ILLS, MAUAM, P, TAN).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2022); Fig. 57D.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors teachers at the Alonso de Ercilla High School (Ocaña, Toledo, Spain), where the first author studied. The epithet <i>magistri</i> is a nominative plural noun.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Sava). Medium altitude evergreen moist forest. On basement rocks, 1583 m altitude (Fig. 51).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha magistri</i> is known only from one collection from Marojejy. Its EOO could not be calculated; its AOO is estimated to be 8 km 2. Marojejy has been a protected area since 1952, and a National Park since 1998 (Category II; Dudley 2008). The main threats that affect the Marojejy forests are illegal logging of precious wood, uncontrolled fires, and mining for topaz and beryl, mainly at the boundaries of the National Park. However, at the high elevations where this species occurs (it was collected near the top of Ambatosoratra peak), habitat disturbance from ecotourism likely is the only threat (Patel 2007; Almeda & Ranarivelo 2019). In view of its limited AOO, <i>Acalypha magistri</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Vulnerable: VU D2. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 1 collection. <b>Madagascar</b>: <i>Ravelonarivo, D. 273</i> (MAUAM, MO).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Small trees, leaf persistence unknown, to 6 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> pubescent with simple, short, erect trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> ovoid, to 1.5 × 0.7 mm, perulate, perules 2, imbricate, chartaceous, dark brown, glabrous. <b>Stipules</b> to 2 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, apex acute, base with some sparse, simple trichomes, margin ciliate with simple, short trichomes. <b>Petioles</b> 1.2-3.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> 7.5-12 × 2-5.5cm, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, subchartaceous; <b>base</b> rounded; <b>apex</b> acuminate, acumen to 13 mm long, acute; <b>margin</b> serrate, teeth acute; <b>upper surface</b> subglabrous, with simple, short, erect, simple trichomes, especially on veins; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser; margin ciliate; venation pinnate, secondary veins 6-8 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous, axillary, to 9.5 cm long, mostly male with a female segment; peduncle to 22 mm long, it and rachis pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes. <b>Female segment</b> to 3.7 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 4, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 5 mm diameter, orbicular, pubescent with simple, erect trichomes to 0.5 mm long; margin subentire to crenate, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 3.8 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.7 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds not seen. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 1.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, sparsely hairy; <b>ovary</b> not seen; <b>styles</b> 3, to 3 mm long, distinct, sparsely hairy. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 5 mm diameter, echinate, projections conical, to 2 mm long, surface pubescent with simple, short, erect trichomes. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 4 × 3 mm, pyriform, minutely foveolate.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 459, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha cardielii I. Montero & G. A. Levin
No full text9. <i>Acalypha cardielii</i> I.Montero & G.A.Levin <p> <i>South African Journal of Botany</i> 146: 636 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2022). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Melaky region (Mahajanga prov.), Tsingy du Bemaraha, 1932-1933, <i>J. Leandri 115</i> (holo-, P[P00887484]; iso-, P[P05547055]).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2022); Fig. 25F.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors Dr. José María Cardiel, codirector of the first author’s PhD dissertation. He has published extensively about the genus and has contributed to worldwide <i>Acalypha</i> knowledge.</p> <p> DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Melaky). Dry deciduous forest. On limestone. Altitude <i>c.</i> 360 m (Fig. 22).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha cardielii</i> is only known from one collection from the Tsingy de Bemaraha. Its EOO could not be calculated; its AOO is estimated to be 8 km 2. The Tsingy de Bemaraha lies within a national park and a nature reserve that have been IUCN category II and Ia protected areas since 1927, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. The forest of this area has local anthropogenic pressures such as fire associated with the renewal of zebu (cattle) pastures, logging for construction, and deforestation for new agricultural lands, resulting in loss of forest cover during the last decade (Dudley 2008; Goodman <i>et al.</i> 2018). No specimens of this species have been collected for 88 years, so we cannot rule out that this species has become extinct. In conclusion, due to habitat loss, the restricted geographic range, and the absence of recent collections, <i>A. cardielii</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii) (probably EX). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 1 collection. <b>Madagascar</b>: <i>Leandri, J. 115</i> (P[P05547055, P00887484]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, probably deciduous, height unknown, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> whitish, pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> spherical, to 1 mm diameter, perulate, perules 2, imbricated, chartaceous, dark brown, glabrous. <b>Stipules</b> to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, apex acute, sparsely hairy with simple, short trichomes, margin with some sessile glands. <b>Petioles</b> canaliculate, 0.5-1.5(-2) cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> 1.8-2.6(-3) × 1.1-1.6 cm, subrhombic, membranous; <b>base</b> acute; <b>apex</b> obtuse to retuse; <b>margin</b> crenate-serrate, revolute, reddish, teeth rounded; <b>upper surface</b> sparsely hairy with some simple, short trichomes; <b>lower surface</b> glabrous; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 3-4 per side. <b>Stipels</b> glandular, to 0.2 mm long, glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous and male, axillary. <b>Androgynous inflorescences</b> to 5.5 cm long, mostly male with short female segment; peduncle to 15 mm long, it and rachis with indumentum similar to that on petioles. <b>Female segment</b> to 2.5 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 2, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 6 mm, reniform, glabrous; margin crenate, teeth 6-12, rounded, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 2.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 1 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. <b>Male inflorescences</b> laxly flowered, to 3.5 cm long; subsessile, peduncle to 0.3 mm long; bracts like those on androgynous inflorescences. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds to 0.5 mm diameter, glabrous. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, glabrous, margin with some sessile glands; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, papillose-hispid, papillae acute, ending in simple trichome to 0.5 mm long, surface with some subsessile glandular trichomes; <b>styles</b> 3, to 4 mm long, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 7-9 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 1.5 cm long, glabrous; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary 1-lobed, to 2 × 1.5 mm, sparsely hairy, distally fimbriate; style 1, to 4 mm long, glabrous. <b>Capsules</b> to 2 mm diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae triangular. ending in simple trichome to 1 mm long, surface glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> not seen.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 426, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha ankaranensis I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text4. <i>Acalypha ankaranensis</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>South African Journal of Botany</i> 146: 635 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2022). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Diana region [Antsiranana prov.]: Ambilobe, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana. Piste vers le campement des Anglais et la sortie de la réserve, 180 m, 12°54’43”S, 49°06’39”E, 19.II.1994, <i>M. Andrianarisata et al. 41</i> (holo-, P[P00508496]; iso-, MO[MO-2965838]). — Paratypes: <b>Madagascar</b>. Diana region [Antsiranana prov.]: Mahamasina. Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana,</p> <p> chemin du canyon forestier, 130 m, 12°55’25”S, 49°06’39”E, 16.I.2003. <i>M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1209</i> (K, MO, P[P00455503], TAN); Ankarana Res., near Campement des Anglais, 150 m, 12°54’S, 49°08’E, 30.I.1994, <i>A. J. M. Leeuwenberg et al. 14374</i> (BR [BR0000021450266], E, G, K, LMU, MA, MO, P[P04779850], PRE, TAN, WAG).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2022); Fig. 24B.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the Ankarana massif (Madagascar), to which this species appears to be endemic.</p> <p> DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Diana), Ankarana massif. Dry deciduous forest on Mesozoic limestone. Altitude <i>c.</i> 180 m (Fig. 16).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha ankaranensis</i> is only known from Ankarana massif, where this species appears to be a narrow endemic. Its EOO and AOO are estimated to be 12 km 2. The Ankarana massif is a Special Reserve, established in 1956; and it is a category IV protected area (Dudley 2008). The reserve lost 20% of its dry deciduous forests and 85% of its moist evergreen forest from 1996 to 2016, and is threatened mainly by sapphire mining, and by agriculture (commercial cash crops), logging, and locally by fires to improve grazing (Wilson <i>et al.</i> 1988; Kull 2000; Goodman <i>et al.</i> 2018). In recognition of its restricted geographic range and the cited threats, <i>A. ankaranensis</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii,iv).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 3 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>. <i>Andrianarisata, M. 41</i> (K, MO[MO-2965838], P[P00508496]); <i>Bardot-Vaucoulon, M. 1209</i> (P[P00455503]); <i>Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. 14374</i> (BR [BR0000021450266], E, G, K, LMU, MA[MA-01-00849822], MO, P[P04779850], PRE, TAN, WAG[WAG.1578695, WAG.1578696]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, probably deciduous, to 1.2 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> red-tinged, pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> ovoid, to 1 mm long, perulate, perules 2, overlapping (superposed), membranous, scarious, appressed-pubescent, margin with sessile glands. <b>Stipules</b> to 5 mm long, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex acute, sparsely hairy with simple, short trichomes, margin with simple, erect trichomes to 1.5 mm long and short, glandular trichomes. <b>Petioles</b> reddish, 3-5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches and with simple, erect trichomes to 1.5 mm long. <b>Leaf blades</b> (6-)7- 9 × 3.5-5.5 cm, broadly ovate-lanceolate, membranous; <b>base</b> subcordate to cordate; <b>apex</b> acuminate, acumen to 20 mm long, acute; <b>margin</b> serrate, teeth acute, with sessile glands at apex; <b>upper surface</b> laxly pubescent with simple, erect trichomes to 1.5 mm long, and with simple, curved trichomes on veins; <b>lower surface</b> laxly pubescent with sparse, simple, short trichomes, and with simple, curved trichomes on veins, axils of the secondary veins with pocket-shaped domatia; venation prominent on both surfaces, actinodromous, basal veins 5, secondary veins 5-6 per side. <b>Stipels</b> filiform, to 1 mm long, sparsely hairy. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous, and solitary female bracts, mainly axillary, some androgynous inflorescences terminal. <b>Androgynous inflorescences</b> to 5.5 cm long, mostly male with short female segment; sessile or subsessile; rachis indumentum similar to that on petioles. <b>Female segment</b> to 3.5 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 1-4, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 10 (-18) mm, reniform, sparsely hairy with simple, erect trichomes to 1 mm long, especially at margin; margin dentate to denticulate, with <i>c.</i> 14 teeth, teeth acute to subacute, with sessile glands at apex, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, sparsely hairy. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 4 cm long, proximal 2 cm sterile; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.8 mm long, oblong, sparsely hairy. <b>Solitary female bracts</b> sessile, similar to those on androgynous inflorescences. <b>Male flowers:</b> pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds to 0.8 mm diameter, sparsely hairy, papillose. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.7 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy, margin with some sessile glands; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, apparently smooth, surface hispid with simple, erect trichomes to 1.5 mm long; <b>styles</b> 3, to 6 mm long, slightly connate at base, sparsely hairy on rachis, each divided into <i>c.</i> 10 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present, axillary; pedicel filiform, to 20 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary immature. <b>Capsules</b> to 3 mm diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae triangular, to 0.5 mm long, ending in a simple trichome to 1 mm long, surface pubescent with simple, short trichomes. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 1.2 mm diameter, subglobose, apiculate, foveolate.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 420, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha rabesahalana I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text41. <i>Acalypha rabesahalana</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>Systematic Botany</i> 45 (1): 123 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2020a). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Diana [Antsiranana], collines et plateaux calcaires de l’Ankarana au Nord (prov. Diego-Suarez), <i>c.</i> 200 m, 12°54’1.27”S, 49°7’58.8”E, <i>H. Humbert 32455</i> (holo-, P[P05543679]; iso-, P[P00324596], TAN). — Paratypes: <b>Madagascar</b>. Diana region (Antsiranana prov.), collines et plateaux de l’Ankarana du nord (Province de Diego-Suarez), <i>c.</i> 200 m, 12°54’1.27”S, 49°7’58.8”E, 24-29.II.1960, <i>H. Humbert & G. Cours 32480</i> (G[G00420853], MO, P[P00324454], TAN, WAG[WAG.1810617]).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2020a); Fig. 65E.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors Gisèle Rabesahala (1929- 2011), Malagasy politician and activist, who was the first woman to hold a ministerial position in the government of Madagascar. She fought for her country’s independence and human rights (Altius & Raveloharimisy 2016).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Diana). Dry deciduous forest. On Mesozoic limestone. Altitudinal range 200-350 m (Fig. 62).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha rabesahalana</i> is known only from two collections. Its EOO could not be calculated; its AOO is estimated to be 8 km 2. This species appears to be a narrow endemic known only from the Ankarana massif (see assessment of <i>A. ankaranensis</i>). No specimens of this species have been collected for 60 years, so we cannot rule out that this species has become extinct. In recognition of its restricted geographic range (a single known location), the cited threats, and the absence of recent collections, <i>Acalypha rabesahalana</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii), probably extinct (EX).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 2 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>. <i>Humbert, H. 32455</i> (P[P00324596, P05543679]), <i>32480</i> (G[G00420853], MO, P[P00324454], TAN, WAG[WAG.1810617]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Perennial herbs or rhizomatous subshrubs, to 0.5 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> puberulent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> spherical, to 0.5 mm diameter, perulate, perules 2, valvate, membranous, brownish, puberulent with simple, short, appressed trichomes. <b>Stipules</b> to 3 mm long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, appressed puberulent, margin ciliate with hyaline trichomes to 1 mm long. <b>Petioles</b> slender, (6-) 7-11 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches, and with slender, erect trichomes to 1 mm long. <b>Leaf blades</b> (5-)7-9 × (4-) 6-8 cm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, membranous; <b>base</b> subcordate; <b>apex</b> acuminate, acumen to 7 mm long, callose-edged; <b>margins</b> crenate-dentate, teeth rounded, callose-edged; <b>upper surface</b> laxly pubescent with some sparse, simple trichomes to 1 mm long, and with simple, minute, curved trichomes on veins; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser, curved trichomes on veins absent; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 4-6 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, unisexual, axillary (male) or subterminal (female). <b>Male inflorescences</b> to 6.5 cm long; peduncle to 20 mm long, it and rachis with indumentum similar to that on young branches; flowers densely glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.5 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy. <b>Female inflorescences</b> laxly flowered, to 3 cm long; peduncle to 15 mm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches; <b>bracts</b> to 5-10, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 3 × 5 mm, with hyaline trichomes to 1 mm long and simple, short trichomes; margin dentate, teeth 7- 8, to 1/3 bract length, triangular-ovate, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> to 0.4 mm long, lanceolate, sparsely hairy. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 1 mm long, hispidulous; buds to 1 mm diameter, puberulent. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 0.8 mm diameter, 3-lobed, apparently smooth, surface densely hispid; <b>styles</b> 3, to 4 mm long, connate at base, papillose and hispidulous at base, each divided into 5-6 slender segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present at female inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 5 mm long, puberulent with simple, short, curved, antrorse trichomes; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 2 mm diameter, papillose, papillae obtuse, surface pubescent with simple, short trichomes. <b>Seeds</b> too young to describe.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on pages 470-471, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha mayottensis I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text34. <i>Acalypha mayottensis</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>PhytoKeys</i> 140: 65 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2020b). — Type: <b>May - otte</b>. Mamoudzou commune, îlot M’bouzi, 12°48’50”S, 45°14’08”E, 10-50 m, 22.XI.2000, <i>J.-N. Labat, F. Barthelat, C.M. Hladik & A.B. Sifary</i> 3268 (holo-, G[G00034240]; iso-, K, MAO, MO[MO-2965774], P[P00209719]). — Paratypes: <b>Mayotte</b>. Mamoudzou commune, îlot M’Bouzi, 12°48’57”S, 45°14’06”E, 90 m, 22.XI.2000, <i>J.-N. Labat, F. Barthelat, C.M. Hladik & A.B. Sifary 3272</i> (G[G00034255], K, MAO, MO[MO-2966248], P[P00209724, P00209725]); îlot M’Bouzi, 12°48’39”S, 45°14’06”E, 26.XII.2002, <i>F. Barthelat, A. de Vanssay & G. Rembert 1112</i> (MAO, P[P00339165]). — Precise location unknown, probably from M’Bouzi islet, 01.I.2010, <i>G. Viscardi 310</i> (HKM, P[P02439826]).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2020b); Figs 54F; 57E.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to Mayotte island, to which the small Mbouzi islet belongs, and to which this species appears to be endemic.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Comoros Archipelago (Mayotte). Dry forest and secondary forest. Altitudinal range 10- 90 m (Fig. 53).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha mayottensis</i> is only known from Mbouzi islet. Its EOO and AOO are estimated to be 8 km 2. Mbouzi islet was declared a “Réserve Naturelle Nationale” in 2007, a category IV protected area (Dudley 2008). In the 1990s the islet had lost 70% of its original forests to agriculture. Mbouzi now conserves 10% of its natural and secondary forest. Currently, the most serious threat are invasive species, both animals, such as <i>Eulemur fulvus</i>, and plants, such as <i>Antigonon leptopus</i>, <i>Lantana strigocamara</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, <i>Litsea glutinosa</i>, <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> and <i>Furcraea foetida</i> (Boullet & Traclet 2018; Quintard <i>et al.</i> 2019). Due to its restricted geographic range and the threats from alien species, <i>A. mayottensis</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 4 collections. <b>Mayotte</b>. <i>Barthelat, F. 1112</i> (MAO, P[P00339165]); <i>Labat, J.-N. 3268</i> (G[G00034240], K, MAO, MO[MO-2965774], P[P00209719]), <i>3272</i> (G[G00034255], K, MAO, MO[MO-2966248], P[P00209724, P00209725]); <i>Viscardi, G. 310</i> (P[P02439826]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, deciduous, to 5 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> laxly pubescent with simple, erect trichomes to 1 mm long, glabrous when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> ovoid, to 3 × 2.3 mm, perulate, perules 2, imbricate, chartaceous, blackish, glabrous. <b>Stipules</b> to 6 mm long, linear to triangular-lanceolate, becoming filiform when mature, margins scarious, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, and with some glands. <b>Petioles</b> slender, (2-)3-5(-6) cm long, pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes. <b>Leaf blades</b> 5-10 × 3-6 cm, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, membranous; <b>base</b> rounded to subcordate; <b>apex</b> subacuminate to acuminate, acumen to 15 mm long, rounded; <b>margin</b> crenulate-serrulate to subentire, slightly revolute, teeth rounded; <b>upper surface</b> pubescent with simple, thin, erect trichomes, glabrescent; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser; axils of secondary veins with minute, sparsely hairy, pocket-shaped domatia, sometimes with hair-tuft domatia; margins ciliate in sinuses; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 4-6 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform androgynous, axillary, to 6 cm long, mostly male with short female segment; peduncle thick, to 15 mm long, laxly pubescent with trichomes similar to those on young branches, glabrescent. <b>Female segment</b> to 2.5 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 1-2, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 19 × 21 mm, subreniform, veins and margin sparsely hairy with simple, erect trichomes to 1.5 mm long, glabrescent; margin crenate to subentire, sometimes dentate in young bracts, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 4 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.5 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 1 mm long, glabrous; buds to 0.7 mm diameter, sparsely hairy with simple, arachnoid trichomes. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3[4], to 0.7 mm long, ovate-triangular, sparsely hairy with simple, arachnoid trichomes; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, echinate, projections and surface hispid; <b>styles</b> 3, to 3 mm long, distinct, rachis thick, appressed-pubescent, each divided into 8-10 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 4 mm diameter, erinaceous projections conical, subacute, to 1 mm long, they and surface hispid with simple, erect trichomes to 1 mm long. <b>Seeds</b> 2.5 × 2 mm, pyriform, minutely foveolate.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 461, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha baretiae I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text2. <i>Acalypha baretiae</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>South African Journal of Botany</i> 119: 420 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2018b). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Toliara. Morondava, 10 km de Morondava, route de Malaimbandy, 337 m, 20°23’33”S, 44°56’57”E, X.1963, <i>M. J. Bosser 18124</i> (holo-, P[P04779795]). — Paratypes: Madagascar, Toliara: Atsimo-Andrefana region. Beroroha, fokontany Betorabato. Village le plus proche Ambalamanga. Forêt Akolitsika (rivière), 276 m, 21°40’22”S, 44°59’36”E, 18.I.2011. <i>R. Razakamalala 6064</i> (MO [MO-3025026], P[P01152840], TAN).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2018b).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors Jeanne Baret (1740-1807), the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. Disguised as a man and calling herself Jean Baret, she served as naturalist Philibert Commerson’s valet and botanical assistant on Louis Antoine de Bougainville’s expedition from 1766 to 1769, the first French circumnavigational voyage. She visited Madagascar with Commerson in 1770-1772, and when Commerson died in Mauritius (1773) she returned to France with all the material that they had collected (Knapp 2011). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Menabe and Atsimo-Andrefana). Dry deciduous forest and dry spiny thickets. Sandstone. Altitudinal range 276-350 m (Fig. 14).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha baretiae</i> is only known from two collections. Its EOO could not be calculated; its AOO is estimated to be 8 km 2. Both collections of <i>A. baretiae</i> were made in unprotected areas. This species grows in dry deciduous forest in southwestern Madagascar (see assessment of <i>A. diminuta</i>). The habitat of this species continues to be lost, so <i>A. baretiae</i> is preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii,iv). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 2 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>. <i>Bosser, M.J. 18124</i> (P[P04779795]); <i>Razakamalala, R.6064</i> (MO[MO-3025026], P[P 01152840]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, probably deciduous, to 2-3 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> sometimes thorny, pubescent with simple, short, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature; brachyblasts present. <b>Axillary buds</b> ovoid, to 2 × 1 mm, perulate, perules 2, valvate, membranous, brownish, puberulent with simple, short trichomes and ciliate. <b>Stipules</b> to 3.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, midrib prominent, margin ciliate, apex with simple, long trichomes. <b>Leaves</b> alternate or congested on brachyblasts. <b>Petioles</b> 0.3-0.8 cm long, pubescent with simple, short, curved trichomes, sometimes also with simple, erect trichomes to 0.7 mm long. <b>Leaf blades</b> (2-)3-4 × 1-2(-2.3) cm, elliptic to obovate, chartaceous; <b>base</b> acute to subcuneate; <b>apex</b> obtuse; <b>margin</b> crenate to serrate, slightly revolute, teeth rounded to obtuse, with minute papillae at apex; <b>upper surface</b> glabrescent, with some simple, short trichomes on the veins; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on young branches, axils of the secondary veins with hair-tuft domatia; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 3-4 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> racemose or paniculate, gynecandrous, axillary, to 7 cm long, about equally male and female; peduncle 5-10(- 15) mm long, it and rachis pubescent with simple, short, arachnoid trichomes. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, 2-3(-3.5) cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.7 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate and with some sparse, simple trichomes. <b>Female segment</b> 2-3.5 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 3-9, not enlarging in fruit, to 0.7 mm long, triangular, margin ciliate and with minute papillae; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds to 0.5 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. <b>Female flowers</b> 2-3 per bract, pedicellate; pedicel to 5 mm long, glabrous; <b>sepals</b> 5, to 1 mm long, narrowly triangular, slightly fleshy, ciliate; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 2-lobed, densely papillose-echinate with thick capitate papillae, surface glabrous; <b>styles</b> 2, to 3 mm long, connate at thickened base, glabrous, each divided into <i>c.</i> 15 slender segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 5 mm diameter, papillose, papillae to 0.5 mm long, capitate, surface glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 2.3 × 1.8 mm, subglobose, minutely foveolate.</p> <p>NOTE</p> <p> This is the only species from Madagascar that belongs to subg. <i>Hypandrae</i>; the other species are found on continental Africa.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on pages 417-418, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha isaloensis I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text23. <i>Acalypha isaloensis</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>Systematic Botany</i> 45 (1): 122 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2020a). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Ihorombe (Fianarantsoa prov.), Massif de l’Isalo, à l’est de Ranohira, Andohakandrareza, au SE de la Piscine, 810 m, 22°33’S, 45°21’E, 14.II.1990, <i>J.N.Labat 2119</i> (holo-, P[P00513133]; iso-, ILLS, K).— Paratypes: <b>Madagascar</b>. Ihorombe (Fianarantsoa prov.),Isalo, canyon des Singes, 746 m, 22°29’12.239”S, 45°22’43.381”E, 15.IV.1967, <i>H. Jacquemin H278J</i> (P[P04804757, P04804758]); Isalo, canyon des Rats, pied des falaises le long du ruisseau, 899 m, 22°28’47.759”S, 45°22’39.601”E, III.1960, <i>M.Keraudren-Aymonin 402</i> (P[P04804755]); Ranohira, Isalo-Gebirge, 900 m, 22°33’20.307”S, 45°25’09.167”E, 22.XII.1959, <i>H.-J.Schlieben 8236</i> (B, BR[BR0000021450358], G, K).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2020a); Fig. 46C.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to type locality, the Isalo massif (Madagascar), to which this species appears to be endemic.</p> <p> DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Ihorombe).Dry deciduous forest.On sandstone. Altitudinal range 746-900 m (Fig.40). PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — The EOO and AOO of <i>A. isaloensis</i> are estimated to be 8 km 2. This species appears to be a narrow endemic known only from the Isalo massif. All collections are from the Isalo National Park, which has been a category II protected area (Dudley 2008) since 1962. This protected area is threatened by burning to improve grazing, which is a cultural heritage of the Bara people, as well as logging and the impact of introduced species (Kull 2004; Swierkosz 2007; Andreone <i>et al.</i> 2013). In recognition of its restricted geographic range (a single known location) and the cited threats, <i>A. isaloensis</i> is assigned a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(i,iii,iv).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 3 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>: <i>Jacquemin, H. H278J</i> (P[P04804757, P04804758]); <i>Keraudren-Aymonin, M. 402</i> (P[P04804755]); <i>Labat, J.-N. 2119</i> (K, P[P00513133]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs or subshrubs, leaf persistence unknown, to 0.8 m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> puberulent with sparse simple, short, trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> ovoid, to 1 × 0.7 mm, perulate, perules 2, valvate, membranous, brownish, densely pubescent with simple, short, appressed trichomes. <b>Stipules</b> to 1.2(-2) mm long on young branches, sometimes reduced to 0.5 mm long on older branches, triangular-lanceolate, apex acute, with appressed trichomes, margin with sessile glands. <b>Petioles</b> (2-) 3-4.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> (5-)6-10(-11.5) × 2-3.5(-4) cm, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, membranous; <b>base</b> rounded to subcuneate; <b>apex</b> subacuminate,acumen to 10mm long,rounded, mucronate; <b>margin</b> sparsely serrulate, teeth minute, obtuse, callose-edged; <b>upper surface</b> laxly pubescent with simple, short trichomes; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser; axils of the secondary veins with pocket-shaped domatia; venation prominent on upper surface, pinnate, secondary veins 5-10 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, male, and solitary female bracts, axillary. <b>Male inflorescences</b> to 8.5 cm long, filiform; peduncle to 7 mm long, rachis clearly visible,both with indumentum similar to that on young branches; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.3 mm long, ovate, sparsely hairy with simple, short trichomes, and with some sessile glands at base. <b>Solitary female bracts</b> sessile, enlarging in fruit to 3.5 × 5 mm, subreniform, appressed puberulent, with sparse resinous drops, margin crenate to subentire; <b>sterile bracts</b> sometimes present, solitary, similar to the female bracts but longer, to 1 × 1.2 cm, suborbicular; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male flowers</b> subsessile; buds to 0.5 mm diameter, puberulent. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.3 mm long, triangular, puberulent; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, papillose, papillae acute, ending in hyaline trichome to 0.5 mm long, surface hispidulous; <b>styles</b> to 8 mm long, connate at base, sparsely hairy, each divided into 5-6 slender segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 3 mm diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae acute, ending in hyaline trichome to 0.8 mm long, surface puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> too young to describe.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 448, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Acalypha tremula I. Montero & Cardiel
No full text46. <i>Acalypha tremula</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>Systematic Botany</i> 45 (1): 127 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2020a). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Sava [Antsiranana], Province de Diego-Suarez, Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt d’Ankaramy, 181 m, 13°17.1’S, 49°40.91’E, 26.II.2004, <i>L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1227</i> (holo-, G[G00006790], iso-, K, P[P04786267, P05547264], TAN). — Paratypes: <b>Madagascar</b>. Sava region (Antsiranana prov.), Fivondronana, Diego II, commune Mahavanona, Montagne des Français, forêt d’Ampitiliantsambo, à 3 heures de marche à pied, à l’Est d’Andranomanitra, 205 m, 12°23’13”S, 49°23’04”E, 14.I.2005, <i>R. Randrianaivo et al. 1160</i> (BR [BR0000005242887], CNARP, MO [MO2965736], P, TAN); Ambilobe, Mahamasina, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana, chemin d’Ambohimalaza, sous-bois sur basalte, 110 m, 12°58’1.20”S, 49°6’5.11”E, 08.II.2003, <i>M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 1400</i> (P[P00455711], K, MO [MO-2966207], TAN); Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo, 422 m, 13°06.50’S, 49°33.97’E, 03.II.2006, <i>L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN 2181</i> (G[G00074394]).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2020a); Figs 69G; 73B. ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the resemblance of the long petiolate leaves of this species to those of the Eurosiberian tree <i>Populus tremula</i> L. (Salicaceae).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Diana and Sava). Dry deciduous forest. On clay soil on basement rocks. Altitudinal range 110-420 m (Fig. 68).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — The EOO of <i>Acalypha tremula</i> is estimated to be 2 609 km 2 and its AOO 16 km 2. It has been collected from three protected areas: Montagne des Français (see assessment of <i>A. gillespieae</i>), Ankarana Special Reserve (see assessment of <i>A. ankaranensis</i>), and Loky-Manambato (see assessment of <i>A. menavody</i>). The small number of locations, together with continuing habitat loss and degradation in these areas, lead us to assess <i>A. tremula</i> as Endangered: EN B1ab(i,iii) + B2ab(ii,iii). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 4 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>: <i>Bardot-Vaucoulon, M. 1400</i> (K, MO[MO-2966207], P[P00455711], TAN); <i>Nusbaumer, L. LN 1227</i> (G[G00006790], K, P[P05547264, P04786267]), <i>LN 2181</i> (G[G00074394]); <i>Randrianaivo, R. 1160</i> (BR[BR0000005242887], CNARP, MO[MO-2965736], TAN).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, probably deciduous, to 4 m tall, divaricately branched, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> slightly angular,dark brown, rugose,pubescent with simple, antrorsely curved trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b>, spherical, to 1 mm diameter, perulate, perules 2, imbricate, chartaceous, scarious, glabrous. <b>Stipules</b> to 3 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, apex acute, midrib prominent, scarious toward margins, glabrous. <b>Petioles</b> slender, (3-) 4-6 cm long, glabrous. <b>Leaf blades</b> (4-)5-7.5 × (3.5-) 4-6.5 cm, broadly ovate to subtriangular, subchartaceous; <b>base</b> rounded to truncate; <b>apex</b> acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 mm long, acute; <b>margin</b> crenate to serrate,teeth rounded to subacute; <b>upper surface</b> subglabrous, with some sparse, simple, erect trichomes; <b>lower surface</b> subglabrous, with some simple trichomes on veins; axils of secondary veins with hair-tuft domatia; margin ciliate in sinuses (except on older leaves); venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 3-5 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous and male, axillary, sometimes bearing erinaceous galls. <b>Androgynous inflorescences</b> to 7 cm long, mostly male with 1 female bract; sessile. <b>Female segment: bract</b> 1, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 3 × 4 mm, reniform, glabrous; margin subentire, with minute blackish papillae; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 6.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, sparsely hairy with some simple trichomes at apex. <b>Male inflorescences</b> to 7 cm long, filiform; sessile; rachis thin, glabrous; bracts like those on androgynous inflorescences. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, glabrous; buds to 0.5 mm diameter, glabrous. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate,ciliate; <b>ovary</b> c. 1.5 mm diameter, 3-lobed, echinate with linear projections to 2 mm, hispidulous and ending in simple trichome(s) or gland, surface hispidulous; <b>styles</b> 3, to 5 mm long, distinct or slightly connate at base, sparsely hairy with simple, short trichomes, each divided into 5-7 slender segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> not seen. <b>Capsules</b> to 3 mm diameter, erinaceous, projections linear,to 3.5mm long, acute, hispidulous,ending in trichome(s) or gland, surface sparsely hispidulous. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 1.3 × 1 mm, pyriform, smooth.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
Tree measurements and summaries of the field plots used to develop Rojo and Montero (1996) yield tables for Pinus sylvestris L. in central Spain
No full textTree measurements for principal trees and trees marked for thinning and summaries of the Pinus silvestris L. plots measured for the construction of Rojo and Montero (1996) Pinus sylvestris L. yield tables for central Spain. PRM_Functions.R contains R functions implementing parameter recovery methods to transform Rojo and Montero (1996) Pinus sylvestris L. yield tables into a diameter distribution model.
Trees.csv: Comma separated file with headers in the first row. Each record represents a measured tree. Fields:
"PlotID": Identifier of the plot where the tree was measured
"Type": Code indicating if the tree was marked for thinning.
"ID_tree" Tree_Identifier
"DBH1": First Diameter at breast height measurement for the tree.(mm)
"DBH2" Second diameter at breast height measurement for the tree. The second measurement was taken in the direction perpendicular to the first measurement. (mm)
"DBHmean": Mean of DBH 1 and DBH 2 and converted to cm (cm)
Plot_summaries.csv: Comma separated file with headers in the first row. Data digitized from Annex II of Rojo and Montero (1996). Each record contains different forest attributes of the plot. Fields:
"PlotID": Identifier of the plot where the tree was measured
"Age": Age of the plot determined from tree cores (Years)
"Ho" Assman Dominant height for the plot (meters)
"SiteIndex": Site index for the plot in meters. Site index is defined as the dominant height in meters measured or expected for the plot for an Age of 100 years.
"MeanH" Mean tree height (m)
"Dg" Quadratic mean diameter (cm)
"Do" Dominant diameter. Mean diameter of the 100 largest trees of a hectare (cm)
"N" Stand density (trees per hectare)
"G" Plot basal area (m2/ha)
"V" Total plot volume per unit area (m3/ha)
"DeltaV" Periodic increment of merchantable volume (m3/ha)
"Bark" Average percentage of total volume that is Bark. (%)
PRM_Functions.R: R functions to solve parameter recovery systems of equations based on mean and quadratic mean diameter and dominant diameter, quadratic mean diameter and stand density. Details provided as comments.
References
Rojo Alberto, Montero G (1996) El pino silvestre en la Sierra de Guadarrama: historia y selvicultura de los Pinares de Cercedilla, Navacerrada y Valsain. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Secretaria General Tecnica, Centro de Publicaciones, Madri
Acalypha levinii I. Montero & Cardiel (P. Phillipson 2503
No full text30. <i>Acalypha levinii</i> I.Montero & Cardiel <p> <i>South African Journal of Botany</i> 146: 638 (Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> 2022). — Type: <b>Madagascar</b>. Haute Matsiatra region (Fianarantsoa prov.), Parc d’Ánja Community Reserve, E of RN7, <i>c.</i> 9.5 km of Ambalavao, 990 m, 21°51’7.5”S, 46°50’43.1”E, 29.XI.2012, <i>L. J. Gillespie, G. A. Levin & J. Razanatsoa 19809</i> (holo-, CAN). — Paratypes: <b>Madagascar</b>. Haute Matsiatra region (Fianarantsoa prov.), Haute Matsiatra, Parc d’Ánja Community Reserve, E of RN7, <i>c.</i> 9.5 km of Ambalavao, 990 m, 21°51’6.1”S, 46°50’43.7”E, 29.XI.2012, <i>L. J. Gillespie, G. A. Levin & J.Razanatsoa 19808</i> (CAN); Atsimo-Andrefana region (Toliara prov.), Beza Mahafaly Reserve, near Betioky, parcelle 1, Along the Sakamena river bank, 140 m, 23°38’60”S, 44°32’60”E, 2.XI.1987, <i>P.B. Phillipson 2503</i> (K, MO, US, WAG); Plateau calcaire au N de la basse vallée du Fiherenana, 200-300 m, I.1947, <i>H. Humbert 19866</i> (P[P00324585]).</p> <p> ICONOGRAPHY. — Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2022); Fig. 57B.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors Dr. Geoffrey A. Levin, codirector of the first author’s PhD dissertation. He has published many articles about <i>Acalypha</i> and contributed to the knowledge of this genus worldwide.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to Madagascar (Atsimo-Andrefana and Haute Matsiatra). Degraded sclerophyllous woodland. On basement rocks and sandstone. Altitudinal range 140-990 m (Fig. 49).</p> <p> PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha levinii</i> is known from four collections from different localities. Its EOO is estimated to be 12 578 km 2 and its AOO 16 km 2, which is less than the 500 km 2 threshold of the B2 subcriterion of the Endangered category. This species grows in sclerophyllous woodlands in the highlands (see assessment of <i>A. leptomyura</i>). This species was collected in degraded forests and in both protected (community reserve and national reserve) and unprotected areas. Even in the reserves, the habitat of this species is subject to various threats (uncontrolled fires for grazing and crops), so ongoing habitat loss and degradation will cause continued decline of its EOO and AOO. <i>Acalypha levinii</i> is assessed as Endangered (EN): EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 4 collections. <b>Madagascar</b>: <i>Gillespie, L. 10808</i> (CAN), <i>10809</i> (CAN); <i>Humbert, H. 19866</i> (P[P00324585]); <i>Phillipson, P.B. 2503</i> (K, MO, US[US01287331], WAG[WAG.1578523]).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall,divaricately branched,monoecious. <b>Branches</b> red-tinged, densely pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> spherical, to 1 mm diameter, perulate, perules 2, overlapping (superposed), membranous, brownish, sparsely hairy. <b>Stipules</b> to 4 mm long, lanceolate, apex acute, pubescent with simple, appressed trichomes. <b>Petioles</b> 1.5-3(-4) cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> (3.5-)4-6.5 × 2-3.3 cm, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, membranous; <b>base</b> rounded to subcordate; <b>apex</b> slightly acuminate, acumen 10 mm long, rounded to subacute, mucronate; <b>margin</b> serrate to crenate, teeth subrounded, slightly reddish, callose-edged; <b>upper surface</b> laxly pubescent with simple, erect trichomes and subsessile reddish glandular trichomes; <b>lower surface</b> indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser, axils of secondary veins with hair-tuft domatia; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 5-6 per side. <b>Stipels</b> filiform, to 0.3 mm long, glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous, and solitary female bracts, mainly axillary, some androgynous inflorescences terminal. <b>Androgynous inflorescences</b> to 4 cm long, mostly male with short female segment; subsessile,peduncle to 0.3 mm long; rachis indumentum similar to that on petiole. <b>Female segment</b> to 2.5 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 1-4, sessile to slightly petiolate, enlarging in fruit to 10 × 12 mm, oblate to suborbicular, indumentum similar to that on leaves and ciliate, glabrescent; margin dentate, teeth <i>c.</i> 15, rounded, callose-edged, slightly reddish, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 2 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, sparsely hairy. <b>Solitary female bracts</b> sessile, similar to those of androgynous inflorescences. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy;buds to 0.8 mm diameter,sparsely hairy, papillose. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, apparently smooth, surface hispid with simple, erect trichomes to 1 mm long; <b>styles</b> 3, to 4 mm long, slightly connate at base, sparsely hairy, each divided into <i>c.</i> 12 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 12 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary 1-lobed, to 1 mm diameter, hispid with simple, erect trichomes to 1 mm long; style 1, to 6 mm long, sparsely hairy. <b>Capsules</b> to 2.5 mm diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae rounded, surface densely pubescent with simple trichomes. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 1.8 × 1.5 mm, subglobose, foveolate.</p>Published as part of <i>Muñoz, Iris Montero, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, José María, 2023, Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte, pp. 395-496 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (26)</i> on page 457, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a26, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10209220">http://zenodo.org/record/10209220</a>
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