1,720,994 research outputs found
Lustre Ce-glazes: scientific aspects of materials having high aesthetic properties
No full textThree frits conceived for high porosity single firing tiles containing different amounts of cerium oxide and their glazes were investigated. The glazes obtained under industrial firing were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanism of the lustre effect on the surface was explained. The results indicate that the glaze presents iridescent colours on the surface, mainly associated to the formation of a very thin layer of CeO2 crystals. Moreover, the CeO2 crystals present a preferential orientation and different dimensions
Lead free Cu-Containing Frit for Modern Metallic Glaze
No full textA lead-free frit containing high amount of copper and its glazeconceived for fine porcelain stoneware tiles were investigated.The glazes obtained under industrial firing were studied using Xrayphotoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical andscanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy.The mechanism of the red color formation on the surfacewas explained. The results indicated that the glaze presents ametallic gloss and iridescent colors on the surface, mainly associatedto the formation of CuO crystallites and Cu metallicparticles. Moreover, the Cu glaze showed a good chemical durability;this is particularly interesting because commercial Cufrits usually present poor chemical properties
Ceria-containing frit for luster in modern ceramic glaze
No full textThe main goal of this work was to study the formation of theluster effect in a glaze manufactured from a ceria-containingfrit. The glazes obtained under industrial firing were studied usingX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction at roomtemperature and high temperature, and scanning electron microscopywith energy-dispersion spectroscopy. The mechanismof the luster effect on the surface was explained. The resultsindicated that the glaze presents iridescent colors on the surface,mainly associated with the formation of a very thin layer ofCeO2 crystals.Moreover, the CeO2 crystals show a preferentialorientation and different dimensions. The CeO2 crystallizationon the glaze was also studied using a hot-stage X-ray technique
Formation and distribution of compounds at the Ru - Si(001) ultrathin film interface
No full textInterface formation between Ru and Si(001) has been studied by x-ray and ultraviolet photoemissions. The film properties were investigated, for metal deposition at room temperature, as a function of the Ru film thickness and as a function of the annealing temperature of a thick grown film. From the evolution of the Ru and Si core levels, we find that alloying takes place at the interface during growth and estimate the thickness of the intermixed region to be of the order of 15–20 ML. Annealing at increasingly high temperatures causes the formation of different silicide phases, which are discussed in relation to theoretical and experimental data on related transition metal silicides
Adsorption of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on noble metal surfaces: a photoemission and x-ray absorption study
No full textThe adsorption of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on Au and Pt surfaces is studied by core level and valence band photoemission using synchrotron radiation and by near edgeX-ray absorption spectroscopy.To closer simulate real applications, the films are grown from aqueous solution at room temperature and are compared to an ‘ideal’ film prepared by dosing the molecules from the vapour phase on a clean Au(1 1 1) single crystal. The S 2p, C 1s and O 1s levels show multiple components which are associatedto molecular fragmentation. NEXAFS confirms that fragmentation takes place at the surface. Thiophene species as well as alkyl chains and Sn species are identified as the most probable fragmentation products
Growth Dynamics of Ultrathin Films of Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene Derivatives on Au(111): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation
Get PDF: Ultrathin films of a stereoisomeric mixture of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene derivatives were grown by thermal evaporation in vacuum on Au(111), and they were studied in situ by photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photons from a non-monochromatic Mg Kα conventional X-ray source and UV photons from a He I discharge lamp equipped with a linear polarizer were used. He I photoemission results were compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations: density of states (DOS) and 3D molecular orbital density distribution. Au 4f, C 1s, O 1s, and S 2p core-level components suggest a surface rearrangement as a function of film nominal thickness, with the variation of the molecular orientation, from flat-laying at the initial deposition to tilted toward the surface normal at coverages exceeding 2 nm. Eventually, the DFT results were exploited in assigning of the valence band experimental structures. Moreover, polarization-dependent photoemission confirmed the tilted arrangement of the molecules, starting at 2 nm. A variation of the work function of 1.4 eV with respect to the clean substrate was measured, together with a valence band offset of 1.3 eV between the organic layer and gold
Perfluoropolyether-based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings: Preparation and Surface Characterization
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Molecular states of polyacenes grown on noble metal surfaces
Get PDFHere we present a combined photoemission (UPS), metastable deexcitation (MDS) and optical absorption (NEXAFS) at C K-edge study of molecular states of polyacenes grown on Ag(111) and Au(111), from submonolayer to multilayer thicknesses. We focus on the evolution of the HOMO and LUMO molecular states induced by the adsorption from submonolayer to monolayer thickness and we find a different redistribution of these states in the various systems formed at RT: while a strong redistribution of the molecular states takes place in Pn/Ag(111) and Tc/Ag(111) interface, a weaker interaction is indicated for Tc/Au(111)
Crystal chemistry and surface configurations of two polylithionite-1M crystals
No full textThis paper explores the crystal chemical features of the bulk and the outermost (001) surface layers of two trioctahedral Li-rich mica-1M (space group C2) polytypes, i.e. a polylithionite (MLG-114) from Li-mica granitic pegmatite at St. Austell (SW England) and a Fe2+-rich polylithionite (Ch-140) from a rhyolite at Profitis Ilias, Chios Island, Greece. Structural formulae are [xii](K0.952Na0.019Rb0.019) [vi](Al1.034Li1.459Fe2+0.389Fe3+0.046Mn0.038Mg0.002Zn0.002Ti0.001) [iv](Al3+0.477 Si3.523)O10.081(F1.735OH0.184) and [xii](K0.992Na0.014) [vi](Al0.980Li1.028Fe2+0.787Fe3+0.022 Mn0.059Mg0.052Zn0.010Ti0.024) [iv](Al3+0.857Si3.143) O10.095 (F1.617 OH0.288) for MLG-114 and Ch-140, respectively. Each mineral is characterized by a high F content in the anion site and has tetrahedral and octahedral compositions related to the exchange vector [vi]Li-1[iv]Si-1 [vi]Fe2+ [iv]Al. Unit cell dimensions are a = 5.251(1), b = 9.066(2), c = 10.087(2) Å; β = 100.694(5)° for polylithionite MLG-114 and a = 5.282(1), b = 9.121(3), c = 10.080(3) Å; β = 100.764(5)° for Ch-140. Crystal structure refinements (agreement factors are R = 3.58% and R = 3.75% for MLG-114 and Ch-140, respectively) demonstrate that the [vi]Li-1[vi]Fe2+ [iv]Si-1[iv]Al exchange vector produces a decrease in the lateral dimensions of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. The decrease in basal oxygen distances results from the effect of the strain caused by the orientation of opposing tetrahedral sheets within a 2:1 layer. The decrease reduces the strain so that the basal oxygen plane can remain nearly planar. Changes in these dimensions via distortions of the tetrahedral basal-oxygen ring (α = 3.3° and α = 4.1° for MLG-114 and Ch-140, respectively) are limited. Octahedral M1 and M3 sites are similar in size and much larger than M2 and the mean electron count is M3 < M1 < M2 in MLG-114 and M1 M2 < M3 in Ch-140. Al preferentially occupies the M2 site, whereas Fe and Li are nearly disordered between M1 and M3 sites with a slight preference of Fe for the M1 site in MLG-114 and for M3 site in Ch-140.
Element concentrations on the (001) surface, obtained through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) high-resolution spectra for Si2p, Al2p, Fe2p, K2p, Li1s, and F1s core levels, indicates that a greater amount of lithium and a smaller amount of potassium characterize the surface with respect to the bulk. The decrease in K content, commonly observed in micas, is related to its location on the cleavage surface, because the cation must be distributed equally between the two (001) surfaces generated upon cleavage. The increase in Li content on or near the (001) cleavage surface suggests a preference for cleavage near lithium-enriched regions. The surface structure of the polylithionite crystals suggests that Al, Li, and Fe cations maintain coordination features at the surface similar to the bulk. Silicon, however, which is generally in four-fold coordination, shows also a small number of [1]-fold coordinated components at a binding energy of 99.85 eV
Electrochemical method for pickling and passivation of austenitic steel welds
No full textThe aim of this work is to develop an innovative process for pickling and passivating tungsten inert gas welds on austenitic stainless steel in order to obtain complete removal of non-protective oxides and to passivate the metal surface. In particular, the treatment intends to increase both corrosion resistance and surface appearance of the steel without making use of traditional pickling solutions (which usually contain high concentrations of strong acids). The treatment, based on an electrochemical approach, uses specific electrolytes, and to evaluate their effect in terms of corrosion resistance and surface finish, different solutions were prepared and tested using low concentrations of weak organic acids, e.g. citric, oxalic, sulphamic, gluconic and lactic acids. This aspect is very important to reduce the hazardousness of the solution compared to the traditional pickling acids
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