177,607 research outputs found
CONFRONTATION WITH MONGA BY THE MONGA AFFECTED PEOPLE OF GANGACHARA UPAZILLA UNDER RANGPUR DISTRICT
No full textA Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMThe main purpose of the study was to determine and describe the confrontation
with
monga
affected people under Rangpur DisU
ict
and to explore the
relationship
between the selected characteristics of
monga
affected
people and
their
confrontation with
monga.
The
study was conducted at Gangachara
Upazilla
under Rangpur District. Data were collected from the
monga
affected
people using a pre-tested interview schedule during the period from 23th June
2008 to 24th July 2008.The highest proportion
(65.72
percent) of the
respondents had medium confrontation with
rnonga
compared to 27.62 percent
having low confrontation with
monga
and 6.66 percent had high confrontation
with
monga.
Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) test was used to ascertain
the relationships between the concerned dependent and independent variable of
the study. Age, level of education, farm size, annual family income, family
assets, credit availability and migratozy behavior had positive and significant
relationship with confrontation with
monga
while family size, food security
status and scope of work during nzo;ga
period had non-significant relationship
with confrontation with
monga.
Landlessness of farmers causes the highest
severity of no;ga
as indicated by its CMI of 256
while cultivation of tobacco
causes the lowest severity of monga
as indicated by its CMI of 64. And creating
permanent work opportunities by the government and other agencies would be
the best remedy of monga
as indicated by its MRI of 250 while protection and
repair of Tista barrage would be the lowest rcmcdy of
monga
as indicated by its
MRI of 59
Photosynthetical response to ozone exposure and nitrogen enrichment of C. betulus and Q. robur saplings : results of the first year of experimentation under the ECLAIRE project
No full textA manipulation experiment on ozone enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition has been performed in 2012 in Northern Italy on young trees of Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus, two of the most representative species of forest vegetation of the Po valley and the pre-alpine region. Two hundreds and twentyfour saplings of each species have been potted and placed in 12 Open-Top Chambers following a split-plot design with 3 randomized blocks and two factors: ozone concentration, the main factor, at 4 different levels (CF, AA, AA+35%, AA+70%), and nitrogen irrigation, the nested factor, at 2 different levels (tap water, tap water + 70Kg of N*ha*y-1).
Saplings growth and physiological have been monitored during the whole growing season from April to the end of September. Gas exchange measurements were performed once a month as well as photosynthetic performance of PSII and stomatal conductance measurements (3 daily cycles).
Moreover A/Ci and A/Light response curves have been made in June and September to assess the maximum carboxylation rate of RuBisCO, the maximum assimilation at non-limiting Ci concentration, photorespiration and dark respiration rates. At the end of the growing season half of the saplings have been harvested in order to estimate the total biomass production and its root/shoot partition.
Preliminary results of the first year of experimentation (ECLAIRE experiment will last two years) reveal significant positive effects of nitrogen and negative effects of ozone at photosynthetic level in both species.
Effects on growth and biomass partition were detected only for nitrogen, particularly for Q. robur, while the ozone effects were weak and scattered. The only detectable effect of ozone was a clear reduction of stomatal conductance starting from the mid-season. This fact highlights the need to include a f(O3) modifying function in the stomatal conductance models, one of which is proposed for these two species.
The interaction between the two factors shows an antagonistic effects of nitrogen and ozone on the photosynthetic parameters.
The observed incoherence among the ozone effects on photosynthetic parameters and the real plant growth rises a question about the possibility to predict ozone impacts on plant growth with a purely modellistic approach based upon photosynthesis and, once again, highlights the need to set up and support pluriannual experiments on field
A hybrid analysis framework for detecting web application vulnerabilities
No full textIncreasingly, web applications handle sensitive data and interface with critical back-end components, but are often written by poorly experienced programmers with low security skills. The majority of vulnerabilities that a ect web applications can be ascribed to the lack of proper validation of user's input, before it is used
as argument of an output function. Several program analysis techniques were proposed to automatically spot these vulnerabilities. One particularly e ective is dy-namic taint analysis. Unfortunately, this approach in-
troduces a signi cant run-time penalty.
In this paper, we present a hybrid analysis frame-work that blends together the strengths of static and dynamic approaches for the detection of vulnerabilities in web applications: a static analysis, performed just once, is used to reduce the run-time overhead of the dynamic monitoring phase.
We designed and implemented a tool, called Phan, that is able to statically analyze PHP bytecode search-ing for dangerous code statements; then, only these statements are monitored during the dynamic analysis phase
Frumento duro e ozono: caratteristiche biochimiche e ultrastrutturali di due cultivar sensibili ma con diversa risposta sintomatologica
No full textColombo e Sculptur sono due cultivar moderne di grano duro molto sensibili all’ozono in termini di parametri eco-fisiologici, con inevitabili effetti negativi sulla produttività. Tuttavia, la loro risposta sintomatologica è molto diversa: Colombo, dopo alcune settimane di esposizione all’inquinante, mostra danni fogliari macroscopici, consistenti in spot clorotici spesso degeneranti in estese lesioni necrotiche, mentre Sculptur rimane quasi asintomatica per molte settimane. Nel presente lavoro si è cercato di chiarire, attraverso analisi biochimiche e microscopiche, i meccanismi alla base di questa differente risposta sintomatologica.
Allo scopo, piante delle due cultivar sono state cresciute in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) ed esposte ad aria filtrata o arricchita di ozono. Le analisi sono state effettuate su foglie a bandiera campionate in corrispondenza di due diversi stadi fenologici (pre- e post-antesi). I risultati hanno evidenziato che in Colombo il contenuto di acido ascorbico era significativamente più basso rispetto a Sculptur, in entrambi gli stadi analizzati, e che non variava con l’esposizione all’ozono. Il livello di glutatione ossidato, invece, aumentava nelle foglie di Colombo esposte all’inquinante, e le cellule attorno alla cavità sottostomatica presentavano abbondanti depositi di H2O2. Al contrario, le foglie della cultivar Sculptur esposte ad ozono non mostravano aumenti di H2O2, ma i loro stomi apparivano spesso chiusi. In Sculptur, le cellule del mesofillo apparentemente non danneggiate presentavano cloroplasti leggermente rigonfi e caratterizzati da numerosi plastoglobuli, probabilmente come conseguenza di un leggero stress ossidativo generalizzato.
Questi risultati suggeriscono che l’assenza di una sintomatologia visibile in Sculptur sia determinata da un suo maggiore contenuto di acido ascorbico nonché da un più efficiente meccanismo di chiusura stomatica. Al contrario, le lesioni clorotiche/necrotiche mostrate dalle foglie di Colombo potrebbero essere causate sia da una minore capacità di detossificazione che da una ridotta capacità di chiusura stomatica. Ciò si tradurrebbe in un severo danno localizzato a gruppi di cellule del mesofillo adiacenti alla camera sottostomatica, lasciando tuttavia una parte del tessuto fotosintetico ancora funzionale. La perdita di produzione, molto simile nelle due cultivar, sarebbe quindi dovuta in entrambi i casi a ridotta attività fotosintetica, tuttavia con meccanismi diversi: nel caso di Sculptur per chiusura degli stomi e lieve danno ai cloroplasti mentre nel caso di Colombo per riduzione della quantità di tessuto fotosinteticamente attivo
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL DRIVERS AND AGRONOMICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE OZONE-LIKE SYNDROME IN WHEAT
No full textTropospheric ozone (O3) is known to adversely affect the productivity of a wide range of crops including wheat. However different species, can exhibit different responses to ozone exposure. Since the Triticum genus (wheat) is one of the most cultivated and consumed cereal on the global scale and also considered an O3-sensitive crop, research on its protection against ozone damages can contribute to the improvement of its productivity and thus the worldwide food security.
The first part of this research was focused on a varietal screening experiment carried out in 2013 to assess the ozone sensitivity of 3 Italian and 2 Spanish cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum), applying two different levels of ozone (50% increment and 50% decrement of the ambient ozone concentration ) to plants grown in Open-Top Chambers. The durum wheat sensitivity to ozone was based on the assessment of leaf visible injuries, histochemical observations, physiological parameters, yield and yield quality analysis. Two Italian cultivars (Colombo and Sculptur) resulted more sensitive to ozone than the others, according to the physiological parameters tested and to the grain yield and quality analysis. However, they also showed different levels of leaf visible and microscopic injuries. The flag-leaves of cv Colombo resulted clearly more damaged by ozone exposure than the flag-leaves of cv Sculptur at both visible and microscopic levels.
The second part of the research tried to analyze to a deeper extent the response to ozone exposure of the two most sensitive cultivars selected from the previous experiment. A second experiment was performed in 2014 using four ozone levels: -5% and -50% of ambient ozone concentration in non-filtered and charcoal-filtered OTCs, respectively; +30 and +60% of ambient ozone concentration in ozone-enriched OTCs (OZ+ and OZ++ OTC).
In order to test the effectiveness of an antitranspirant compound in protecting durum wheat from ozone oxidative stress, a chitosan solution was weekly applied as leaf spraying during the growing season in 2014. The chitosan treatments were applied at 3 levels: tap-water (CTRL, no chitosan), 40kDa chitosan solution (CHI40) and 300kDa chitosan solution (CHI300). Both durum wheat cultivars confirmed their sensitivity to ozone as observed in the previous experiment. Grain yield losses observed in ozonated treatments were related to a decrease of stomatal conductance that is due to damages to the Rubisco and Calvin cycle. No protective effect due to chitosan treatments was observed in both cultivars. However, chitosan improved slightly the grain yield and the aboveground biomass production in plants grown in charcoal-filtered and non-filtered OTCs. Biomass data were also used for the definition of dose-effect relationships based on the ozone exposure (AOT40), the phytotoxic ozone dose (POD6) and the yield losses. The grain yield losses were plotted against AOT40 and POD6 in order to test the linear regression of these two indices. Each increase of AOT40 3000 ppb.h caused a grain yield loss of about 1.8%, while for the POD6, an increase of 1mmol O3 m-2 caused 1.3% reduction. Both AOT40 and POD6 resulted appropriated for assessment of durum wheat yield losses. However, the dose-effect relationship based on POD6 showed a better fit compared to the AOT40.
During the 2014 experiment an important part of the research regarded the ultrastructural analysis of ozone-like symptoms on flag-leaves carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the assessment of the levels of some antioxidant molecules (ascorbate and glutathione) involved in the ozone-detoxifying process, to understand the mechanisms underlying the different ozone sensitivity of Colombo and Sculptur in terms of visible and microscopic symptoms. Results from TEM demonstrated that visible symptoms in Colombo are due to the presence of damaged stomata and plasmolyzed mesophyll cells around the sub-stomatal cavity. On other hand, no damage on stomata, mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were observed in Sculptur cultivar explaining the absence of the visible symptoms. In general Sculptur showed higher levels of ascorbate content than Colombo, suggesting a higher capacity ascorbate biosynthesis. No significant difference in ascorbate content was found between plants exposed and not exposed to elevated ozone. The total and the oxidized glutathione content increased in the Colombo cultivar grown in elevated ozone conditions indicating that plant ability to maintain glutathione in the reduced form was decreased by the ozone stress
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Margaret A. Alexander, Monga Ennaifer, Jerrold Gretzinger, Gay P. R. Metraux, David Soken, Marie Spiro, Utique (Insulae I, II, III) ; Cécile Duliere, Utique (Les mosaïques in situ en dehors des insulae I, II, III)
No full textHanoune Roger. Margaret A. Alexander, Monga Ennaifer, Jerrold Gretzinger, Gay P. R. Metraux, David Soken, Marie Spiro, Utique (Insulae I, II, III) ; Cécile Duliere, Utique (Les mosaïques in situ en dehors des insulae I, II, III). In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 44, fasc. 1, 1975. pp. 403-405
On race vulnerabilities in web applications
No full textA web programmer often conceives its application as a sequential entity, thus neglecting the parallel nature of the underlying execution environment. In this environment, multiple instances of the same sequential code can be concurrently executed. From such unexpected parallel execution of intended sequential code, some unforeseen interactions could arise that may alter the original semantic of the application as it was intended by the programmer. Such interactions are usually known as race conditions.
In this paper, we discuss the impact of race condition vulnerabilities on web-based applications. In particular, we focus on those race conditions that could arise because of the interaction between a web application and an underlying relational database. We introduce a dynamic detection method that, during our experiments, led to the identification of several race condition vulnerabilities even in mature open-source projects
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