49 research outputs found
Review of Anthropometric Characteristics of Runners
No full textAnthropometric measurements are a series of systematized measures that quantitatively express the dimensions of the human body and skeleton. Anthropometric measurements include body weight, height, skinfolds measurement, circumferences, and various body diameters. The use of these measurements vary, but either individually or combined they allow for reasonable predictions of body composition in non-obese subjects. For example, weight provides a simple measurement of body mass and thus total energy content. Skinfolds measurements reflect the relative amount of fat for a given body site and may be used to describe regional adiposity. Finally, weight combined with skinfolds measurement and body diameters can accurately estimate the amount of fat-free mass and fat mass. Anthropometry is the most common used method of physique and body composition assessment in athletic population
Developing And Investigation Knee Arthritis Classification Model From Knee X-Ray Image Using Deep Learning Approach
No full textArthritis is a disease caused by inflammation of joints. It is the primary cause of human impairment. It affects
mostly the neck, knee, and palm of hand, elbow, lung, and heart. There are over a hundred various types of
arthritis. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout arthritis, and lupus arthritis are among
the most common types of arthritis. Physicians use x-ray machines to scan the damaged body of the patient,
but it is difficult to determine the types of arthritis So, Imaging processing is required for a more accurate
diagnosis of arthritis. As we've seen, earlier research works have only focused on a single type of arthritis.
Now, here we develop a Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) knee arthritis disease classification model for the
most common occurred arthritis diseases namely Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and gout arthritis. To
implement this research work, we collect 665 x-ray images from JUMC, Jimma Aweytu hospital, and
Fromsis hospital, then we apply deep learning approach CNN architecture image processing technique to
improve the accuracy of the model like image augmentation. We use image normalization like cropping size
to 100 by 100, image augmentation from 665 raw x-ray images to 1725 augmented images. Generally, we
develop a model that automatically classifies knee arthritis disease. We compare four models Vgg16,
ResNet50, DenseNet121, and our custom-developed model KneeArthritisModel by different image sizes 100
x 100, 75 x 75, and 50 x 50. We use the softmax activation function for classification, and the relu activation
function for other hidden layers. Our developed model KneeArthritisModel achieves 91% accuracy when we
use 100 x100 image size. Our model classifies the arthritis knee x-ray image into four classes of disease as
normal knee, osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and gout arthriti
Level of male involvement and associated factors in family planning services utilization among married men in Debremarkos town, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Men's participation is crucial to the success of family planning programs and women's empowerment and associated with better outcomes in reproductive health such as contraceptive acceptance and continuation, and safer sexual behaviors. Limited choice and access to methods, attitudes of men towards family planning, perceived fear of side-effects, poor quality of available services, cultural or religious oppositions and gender-based barriers are some of the reasons for low utilization of family planning. Hence, this study assessed the level of male involvement in family planning services utilization and its associated factors in Debremarkos town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November, 2013. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 524 eligible samples. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires. Epi Info and SPSS were used to enter and analyze the data; univariate, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to display the outputs. Results: Only 44 (8.4%) respondents were using or directly participating in the use of family planning services mainly male condoms. The reasons mentioned for the low participation were the desire to have more children, wife or partner refusal, fear of side effects, religious prohibition, lack of awareness about contraceptives and the thinking that it is the only issue for women. Opinion about family planning services, men approval and current use of family planning methods were associated with male involvement in the services utilization. Conclusions: In this study, the level of male involvement was low. Lack of information, inaccessibility to the services and the desire to have more children were found to be the reasons for low male involvement in family planning services utilization. Governmental and nongovernmental organizations, donors and relevant stakeholders should ensure availability, accessibility and sustained advocacy for use of family planning services. The family planning programs should incorporate the responsibility and role of males in the uptake of family planning services
Childhood Diarrheal Diseases and Associated Factors in the Rural Community of Dejen District, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textDiarrheal diseases are among the three most important causes of morbidity, and mortality in low income countries including Ethiopia. Lack of sanitation facilities is a serious health risk and obliges people to practice open defecation, thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission. These problems are clear at Dejen district where childhood diarrheal disease is the top cause of morbidity among under five children. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of childhood diarrheal diseases and associated factors in the rural community of Dejen district, northwest Ethiopia, 2014. In this paper; a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Five of the 21 rural kebeles in the district was selected randomly, finally 710 households were chosen by systematic random sampling using existing list of all households as a sampling frame. Data was collected using pre-tested WHO core questionnaire that was designed to explore factors related to diarrhea. Data enter and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. The level of association was dealt using confidence interval and odds ratio.This study conducted among 710 participants with response rate of 96.4% shows that, the prevalence of diarrhea was 23.8%. Tube well water source (AOR: 2.59,95% CI (169,3.95)), throwing away disposal of feces (AOR: 1.58,95% CI (1.10,2.26)), mother’s used hand washing with practice only water (AOR: 1.61,95% CI (1.04,2.84)) and having not supplemented with vitamin A (AOR: 1.92,95% CI(1.35,2.74)) were significantly associated with diarrhea. the prevalence of childhood diarrhea is high at Dejen district. Tube well source of water, throwing away disposal of feces, poor hand washing practice of the mother and lack of vitamin A supplementation were significantly associated with childhood diarrheal disease. The District and Zonal water office should increasing access of piped water in rural areas. The District and Zonal health office should improve awareness of the community on hand washing practice and on proper utilization of latrine to dispose excreta should be given a concern and Vitamin Supplementation to every child in the district should be strengthened.
Prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among childeren aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Gonji Kolella district, West Gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia
No full textMagnitude of Out of Pocket Health Expenditures and Associated Factors among Civil Servants
No full textIn Ethiopia, as other developing countries, public health care is provided at nominally low prices and free to those that does not afford to pay. But the health care consumer population is still to make considerable amount of out-of-pocket health expenditure for various reasons. A cross sectional quantitative study from January to May 2013 was done. Study population was civil servants in Debre Markos town. A total of 467 study participants were selected by using simple random sampling method. Data were collected by trained high school graduates and then the collected data were entered into a computer by using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16 for windows. Possible associations between out of pocket health expenditure and its predictors were analyzed by using both bivariate and multivariate analysis. The mean age of the study participants were 41 years. Majorities were between 25 and 44 years of age, 258 (55.2%). The level of education among the study participants indicated that most 380 (81.4%) were graduates of higher education (HE) and majority were Orthodox Christian which accounted 446 (95.5%) followed by Muslims 13 (2.8%). To put it briefly, the study identified that the median of out of pocket health care expenditure accounted 8.26% of total household income. Health status of the household (with or without chronic illness), debt on any of the household, house on construction owned by any household member, educational fee for at least one member of the household and predominantly used health institution were the associated factors that have significant impact on household out of pocket health expenditure. There is economic burden as a result of health care at household level. Based on the results, the recommendation was introducing social health insurance for all civil servant employees in the study area
The prevalence and antimicrobial responses of Sheila Isolates in HIV-1 infected and uninfected adult diarrhea patients in North West Ethiopia
No full textAbstractBackground: Shigella is one of the diarrhoea causing organisms found in HIV positive patients. But so far, the pattern of diarrhoeal agents caused by Shigella in AIDS patients has not been determined Objective: This study is thus aimed at determining the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of Shigellaisolates in HIV positive subjects. Methods: All stool samples taken from the subjects of this study were plated on the MacConkey agar and incubated at 35-370C for 24 or 48 hrs. Biochemical and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were carried out by using the standard methods. Result: Out of the 391 subjects included in the study, 199(63.8%) HIV seropositive and 113 seronegative patients had acute and chronic diarrhoea while 79 were HIV seropositive without diarrhoea. Of the 27 (8.7) Shigella isolates taken from the diarrhea patients, 11 (3.5%) were from HIV positive subjects. All Shigella isolates were found to be sensitive against norfloxacin (100%), gentamicin (97%), polymyxin B (97%) and kanamycin (93%). The most frequent resistance observed was to chloramphenicol (62%), tetracycline (86%) and ampicillin (100%). The frequency of resistance of Amp, Sex, Ch, TTc was found to be very high when compared with other patterns of resistance. Conclusion: The high proportion of HIV seropositive patients who had diarrhea in the absence of identified Shigellastrains strongly indicates the existence of other diarrhoeagenic agents or mechanisms. Detailed investigation is important to get comprehensive information for better treatment of diarrhoea in HIV /AIDS patients. According to this finding, norfloxacin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, kanamycin and nalidixic acid might be used as drugs of choice for empirical treatment. On the other hand, amplicilin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol may not be used as the drugs of choice for the treatment of Shigella infection unless culture and sensitivity tests are done prior to treatment. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev.2006;20(2):99-105
Exclusive breastfeeding and rotavirus vaccination are associated with decreased diarrheal morbidity among under-five children in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Background More than one in every ten (14%) of under-five child deaths is associated with diarrheal morbidity in Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia has implemented different health interventions like its immunization program, childhood diarrhea morbidity, on which literature is limited, continues as a public health problem. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal morbidity and associated factors among under-five children in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Method A community based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 05 to April 03/2015 in Bahir Dar in which 553 mother-child pairs participated. A structured questionnaire was adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) to collect the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent predictors of diarrheal morbidity. Result The overall prevalence of diarrheal morbidity was 9.4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.8, 14.0%]. No receipt of Rotavirus vaccine dose 2 [AOR = 3.96, 95%CI; 2.13, 7.33], non-exclusive breastfeeding [AOR = 2.69, 95%CI; 1.39, 5.19], unavailability of solid waste disposal system [AOR = 2.62, 95%CI; 1.19, 5.77], employed and private business occupational status of mothers [AOR = 2.10, 95%CI; 1.02, 4.31)], and less than Ethiopia Birr (ETB) 600 household monthly income [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI; 1.2, 7.2] were independently associated with diarrheal morbidity. Conclusion In Bahir Dar, one in every ten of the under-five children surveyed suffered from diarrheal morbidity. Thus, implementing effective rotavirus vaccination programs, encouraging exclusive breastfeeding and emphasizing appropriate solid waste management would reduce childhood diarrheal morbidity in the region. In addition, the finding suggests that improved child care mechanisms, especially for mothers working outside the home, and efforts to increase household income should be intensified to reduce incidence of diarrhea
Current Level and Correlates of Traditional Cooking Energy Sources Utilization in Urban Settings in the Context of Climate Change and Health, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case of Debre Markos Town
No full textBackground. Traditional biomass has been the major source of cooking energy for major segment of Ethiopian population for thousands of years. Cognizant of this energy poverty, the Government of Ethiopia has been spending huge sum of money to increase hydroelectric power generating stations. Objective. To assess current levels and correlates of traditional cooking energy sources utilization. Methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches on systematically selected 423 households for quantitative and purposively selected 20 people for qualitative parts. SPSS version 16 for windows was used to analyze the quantitative data. Logistic regression was fitted to assess possible associations and its strength was measured using odds ratio at 95% CI. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Result. The study indicated that 95% of households still use traditional biomass for cooking. Those who were less knowledgeable about negative health and environmental effects of traditional cooking energy sources were seven and six times more likely to utilize them compared with those who were knowledgeable (AOR (95% CI) = 7.56 (1.635, 34.926), AOR (95% CI) = 6.68 (1.80, 24.385), resp.). The most outstanding finding of this study was that people use traditional energy for cooking mainly due to lack of the knowledge and their beliefs about food prepared using traditional energy. That means ". . .people still believe that food cooked with charcoal is believed to taste delicious than cooked with other means. " Conclusion. The majority of households use traditional biomass for cooking due to lack of knowledge and belief. Therefore, mechanisms should be designed to promote electric energy and to teach the public about health effects of traditional cooking energy source
Opportunities, and Challenges of Latrine Utilization among Rural Communities of Awabel District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014
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