161,870 research outputs found
REGISTROS HERPETOLÓGICOS DEL PARQUE ECOLÓGICO DE LA MOLINA, LIMA, PERÚ
No full textLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar y registrar las especies herpetológicas que habitan el Parque Ecológico de La Molina en Lima, Perú. Este parque es un área natural que forma parte del sistema de lomas de Villa María del Triunfo, no obstante ubicarse en el distrito de La Molina. Se registraron cinco especies de reptiles del Orden Squamata: dos serpientes, Bothrops pictus (Familia Viperidae) y Dipsas williamsi (Familia Colubridae); y tres saurios, Phyllodactylus lepidopygus (Familia Gekkonidae), Microlophus tigris y Microlophus sp. (Familia Tropiduridae). Todas las especies fueron previamente reportadas para el departamento de Lima, siendo M. tigris(n = 31/64) y P. lepidopygus (n = 29/64) las más abundantes. De las especies reportadas, dos han sido categorizadas por el Estado Peruano en situación Vulnerable (VU), B. pictus y P. lepidopygus, y una en Casi Amenazada (NT), M. tigris
Rendimiento y calidad de once híbridos de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) bajo condiciones de La Molina
No full textCiclo Optativo de Especialización y Profesionalización en Gestión de Calidad y Auditoría AmbientalEste trabajo de investigación se realizó en el Campos libres 1 de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Se realizaron evaluaciones en once cultivares de sandía (Citrullus lanatus). Los cultivares evaluados fueron 850 – N, Boxy, 860 – N, Columbia, Bolero, Catira – N, Lady – N, Tigriño, 840 – N, Conguita y Sandy. El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques completamente al azar con once tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los parámetros evaluados fueron diámetro y longitud de los frutos, rendimiento en peso total, peso promedio del fruto, sólidos solubles, grosor de cascara y número de frutos. Lo más altos rendimientos se obtuvieron con los cultivares Lady - N y 840 – N, ambos difirieron estadísticamente entre sí, mientras los más bajos rendimientos se obtuvieron en los cultivares Tigriño y Catira – N. En el número de frutos el cultivar que obtuvo el más alto valor fue Tigriño, seguido del cultivar Conguita, ambos cultivares no difieren mucho entre sí, pero si difieren significativamente del cultivar comercial Sandy. El mejor diámetro polar de fruto lo obtuvo el cultivar 840 – N, por otro lado el cultivar Lady - N fue el que presentó el mayor diámetro ecuatorial. Bolero presentó la cascara más gruesa con 1.25cm, seguido del cultivar 860 – N con 1.23cm, ambos sin diferencias estadísticas significativas entre sí. Lady - N mostró ser una buena alternativa para reemplazar al cultivar comercial Sandy.Tesi
Calibración de las compuertas de regulación N°01 N°02 y N°03 del dique Torata en función del porcentaje de apertura y carga hidráulica
No full textUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Recursos HídricosEl presente trabajo contempla la calibración de las compuertas de regulación(N°01, N°02 y N°03) del Dique Torata, mediante aforos realizados en la sección de control Salida de Túnel. Los caudales calculados mediante la ecuación de orificio, fueron determinados con información recopilada en campo sin modificación alguna, el método utilizado fue en principio determinar los coeficientes de descarga (Cd) para cada caudal aforado en la sección de control, luego se ordenó todo los coeficientes de descargas, según el porcentaje de apertura. Para posteriormente realizar una regresión múltiple en función de la carga hidráulica y porcentaje de apertura. Al realizar las comparaciones del caudal aforado vs caudal calculado mediante tabla, para la compuerta de regulación N°03, los porcentajes de errores oscila entre 0.1% - 9%, asimismo para la compuerta de regulación N°01 y N°02 los porcentajes de errores oscila entre 4%- 13%. Asimismo se presentan la relación de caudales aforados y determinados mediante ecuación, del mismo modo las gráficas de variación de caudales manteniendo constante una de las variables que intervienen en la ecuación general de orificios.Tesi
Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo 2018, n. gen.
No full textPaucibranchia n. gen. Type species. Eunice bellii Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1833. Etymology. The name of the new genus is formed by the combination of the prefix Pauci- (Latin) that means few or small number of, and the word branchia. These combined names refer to the branchiae restricted to a few chaetigers, which is one of the main features of the group. Gender. Feminine Diagnosis. Prostomium entire or bilobed; five prostomial appendages without articulations; eyes present or absent. Peristomium without peristomial cirri. Maxillary apparatus with four paired maxillae (left and right sides) plus an unpaired one (placed on left side); maxillary carriers with rectangular anterior region, posterior end triangular, with a pair of oval wings situated at the lateral margins of maxillary carriers; MI with falcal arch developed, rounded; with the outer edge of the base straight and with a curvature in the basal inner edge where the base of maxillae II is supported (Fig. 1D), without attachment lamella; MII without attachment lamella; MIII curved, forming part of distal arc, with attachment lamella rectangular or irregular shape, situated at the center of posterior edge of maxilla; MIV with attachment lamella circular or rectangular. Branchiae restricted to a short anterior region; branchial filaments tapered (Fig. 5C). Dorsal cirri, without articulation, longer than ventral cirri; in branchial region, elongated, thicker or the same size as the basal branchial filaments; in postbranchial region slender, as long (Fig. 5A, E) or longer (Fig. 13A, C) than in prebranchial chaetigers; postchaetal lobe well developed, in branchial region longer than pre-branchial region (Fig. 5A–C); ventral cirri with a swollen base only in anterior region, oval, poorly developed (Fig. 5A–C). Aciculae dark or translucent. Supracicular chaetae include limbate; two types of pectinate chaetae: isodonts narrow, with long and slender teeth in anterior region (Fig. 6D), isodonts narrow, with short and slender teeth in posterior region (Fig. 6E), both type of pectinate chaetae with distal edge either transverse or oblique. Subacicular chaetae include compound falcigers, spinigers or both. Compound chaetae with blades of different sizes in the same chaetigers or only one size. Subacicular hook, bidentate or unidentate; with color reddish basally, translucent or amber distally, only translucent or only amber. Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri, without articulation. Remarks. Paucibranchia n. gen. includes 21 species which share in common the following features: branchiae restricted to few anterior chaetigers; maxillae I with falcal arch developed, rounded, with the outer edge of the base straight and with a curvature in the basal inner edge (Fig. 1A, D), dorsal cirri longer in branchial region, in median-posterior region slender, as long or longer than in pre-branchial chaetiger; postchaetal lobe well developed with wide base and tapered end in branchial region; and ventral cirri with a swollen base developed only in the anterior region. This set of features constitute a distinct morphological pattern from that of Marphysa because the latter has the branchiae distributed along the body and the maxillae I has a rectangular falcate arch, with the outer edge of the base arch lacking a curvature in the basal inner edge (Fig. 1B, E). Also, in Marphysa the dorsal cirri are reduced in size towards the posterior region, and the ventral cirri with a swollen base are developed in more than half of the chaetigers. Paucibranchia n. gen. shares with Treadwellphysa the absence of peristomial cirri and the curvature at the basal inner edge of maxillae I (Fig. 1C, F). However, as in Marphysa, it differs because Treadwellphysa has branchiae distributed along the body and the maxillae I have a rectangular falcate arch, with the outer edge of the base arched. Also, the base of maxillae II has a small rounded projection which fit with the curvature of the inner edge of maxillae I (Fig. 1C, F). In addition, the species of Treadwellphysa have poorly developed postchaetal lobes and compound spinifalciger chaetae, whereas in Paucibranchia n. gen. the postchaetal lobes are well developed and the compound spinifalciger chaetae are absent. Finally, the species of Marphysa and Treadwellphysa have anodont pectinate chaetae in the median and posterior chaetigers, while in Paucibranchia n. gen. they are absent. Within Eunicidae, the branchiae have been a controversial feature since some genera have been established by the absence of this structure (e.g., Nicidion Kinberg, 1865 and Paramarphysa Ehlers, 1887, the latter a junior synonym of Marphysa). However, some authors have dismissed the value of this absence to establish new genera (Fauchald 1992; Carrera-Parra & Salazar-Vallejo 1998). However, branchial distribution along the body has been shown to be a morphologically important feature (e.g., Kinberg 1865; MacIntosh 1885) and phylogenetically informative (Zanol et al. 2014). In a recent phylogenetic analysis of the Eunicidae based on morphological and molecular evidence, Marphysa was found to be composed of two clades (Zanol et al. 2014, Fig. 2). In one of the clades (number 47), all species included have branchiae restricted to anterior chaetigers, whereas in the other clade (number 46) all species have branchiae distributed along the body. Despite no analysis of these clades was provided, their phylogenetic tree supports the branchial distribution as an important and useful characteristic to split the genus. Another taxonomically important feature of Paucibranchia n. gen. is the architecture of the maxillary apparatus, which has already been used to differentiate families and genera in Eunicida (Kielan-Jaworowska 1966; Orensanz 1990; Carrera-Parra 2006). For example, the sharp teeth on maxillae III, IV and V is typical of Euniphysa Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 (Lu & Fauchald 2000) and the shape of maxillae I and II was important to establish the genus Treadwellphysa (Molina-Acevedo & Carrera-Parra 2017). There are two available genus names which were erected with species belonging to the subgroup 1 (Fauchald 1970). The first one is Nausicaa Kinberg, 1865; this genus was proposed with one species (N. striata Kinberg, 1865) from San José Island, Panama, which was briefly characterized with bilobed prostomium, peristomial cirri absent, and branchiae restricted to the anterior region, but as a single filament. Unfortunately, the type material of N. striata, which was deposited in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (SMNH) is lost, the vial is empty except for some fragments of parapodia in alcohol (Lena Gustavsson - SMNH, e-mail comm. to L.F. Carrera-Parra). Further, the species was never recorded after its description, and I was unable to find additional material for its redescription. However, if new specimens are found even from the type locality, it would not be possible to determine if they belong to the same species, because the original description was brief and did not contain all the diagnostic characters of the species. Therefore, N. striata is considered an indeterminable species, leaving the name Nausicaa unavailable. A second genus, Macduffia McIntosh, 1885, was also proposed for only one species (M. bonhardi McIntosh, 1885) collected from the West Indies to a depth greater than 700 m. The species was described with branchiae restricted to the anterior region of the body. Unfortunately, the author only studied a small fragment of an incomplete specimen (L10: 3.1 mm, holotype BMNH 1885.12.1.210), that is currently in poor condition, as it has only 33 chaetigers with all chaetae broken, and the maxillary apparatus is lost (Fig. 2 A– C). In the holotype, the branchiae are present in chaetigers 6 to 9 with up to four filaments; however, the branchiae look underdeveloped and the branchial filaments are digitiform-shaped, the postchaetal lobe is not developed, and the dorsal cirri are digitiform and shorter in the branchial region. This diagnosis does not match with the Paucibranchia n. gen. species, which have all branchiae well developed, with longer and tapered branchial filaments (even in species with few filaments such as P. fallax (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875) n. comb.), the postchaetal lobe is well developed both in the pre-branchial and in the branchial region, and the dorsal cirri is always elongated in the branchial region. Although McIntosh drew the maxillary apparatus (McIntosh 1885, p.303, Fig. 60), it is not possible to determine in which genera this species belongs to due to the inaccuracy of the drawing. This evidence indicates that M. bonhardi does not belong to Paucibranchia n. gen. and its correct identification will depend mainly on finding topotypic material. The new genus includes 13 species that were previously classified in Marphysa: Paucibranchia adenensis (Gravier, 1900) n. comb., P. bellii (Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1833) n. comb., P. cinari (Kurt- Sahin, 2014) n. comb., P. conferta (Moore, 1911) n. comb., P. disjuncta (Hartman, 1961) n. comb., P. fallax (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875) n. comb., P. gemmata (Mohammad, 1973) n. comb., P. kinbergi (McIntosh, 1910) n. comb., P. oculata (Treadwell, 1921) n. comb., P. purcellana (Willey, 1904) n. comb., P. sinensis (Monro, 1934) n. comb., P. stragula (Grube, 1878) n. comb. and P. totospinata (Lu & Fauchald, 1998) n. comb.. Another six are regarded as new species: P. andresi n. sp., P. carrerai n. sp., P. gathofi n. sp., P. gilberti n. sp., P. miroi n. sp. and P. patriciae n. sp.; whereas two species were not formally named: Paucibranchia sp. 1 and Paucibranchia sp. 2.Published as part of Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., 2018, Morphological revision of the Subgroup 1 Fauchald, 1970 of Marphysa de Quatrefages, 1865 (Eunicidae: Polychaeta), pp. 1-125 in Zootaxa 4480 (1) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4480.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145303
Syssphinx molina subsp. molina molina (Cramer 1780
No full textSyssphinx molina molina (Cramer, 1780). Phalaena Bombyx molina Cramer, 1780: 25, pl. 302, figs E, F. Syssphinx molina [molina] Stoll [sic], 1780. – Draudt 1930: 813. DÉTERMINATION. — Morphologique.Moléculaire (BOLD:AAA1483). LOCALITÉ TYPE. — Suriname (Lemaire 1988b). RÉPARTITION GÉOGRAPHIQUE. — Espèce très répandue en basse altitude dans la région néotropicale (Lemaire 1988b). DISTRIBUTION EN GUYANE. — Connu des trois zones biogéographiques. HABITAT EN GUYANE. — Forêts primaire et secondaire, savane. MATÉRIEL DU MITARAKA EXAMINÉ. — Guyane • 1 ♂; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, DZ Coulé-Coulé; 2°43’30”N, 54°47’30”W; 21.X.2004, J.-P. Champenois leg.; Coll. BH (no. 21550) • 1 ♂; Maripasoula, Mitaraka, Crique Alama (DZ); alt. 310 m; 2°14’1.9”N, 54°27’38.1”W; La Planète revisitée, MNHN / PNI Guyane; APA-973-1; 23.II-26. III.2015; E. Poirier leg.; Coll. FB. REMARQUE. — Espèce observée, mais non collectée lors de la mission APA-973-2 (FB).Published as part of Bénéluz, Frédéric, 2021, Liste commentée des Saturniidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) de Guyane, avec la liste des taxons récoltés au Mitaraka (extrême sud-ouest guyanais), pp. 759-809 in Zoosystema 43 (31) on page 770, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a31, http://zenodo.org/record/579681
Paucibranchia miroi Molina-Acevedo 2018, n. sp.
No full textPaucibranchia miroi n. sp. Figures 50–53, Tables 1–2 Material examined. Type material: Holotype USNM 1233966, R/ V Pillsbury, Cruise 6607, sta. 448, off center of Panama, Caribbean Sea, 09°08' N 80°56' W, 21 Jul 1966, 962– 878 m. Paratypes: UMML 22.1130 (3), ECOSUR 0 197 (3), R/ V Pillsbury, Cruise 6607, sta. 407, off center of Panama, Caribbean Sea, 09°01' N 77°26' W, 18 Jul 1966, 1171– 1239 m. Additional material: UMML 22.1131 (10), Same data as paratypes. UMML 22.1132 (1), R/V Pillsbury, Cruise 6607, sta. 364, south of the Colombian Caribbean, 09°24' N 76°34' W, 13 Jul 1966, 933– 961 m. UMML 22.1133 (4), R/V Pillsbury, Cruise 6607, sta. 413, south of the Colombian Caribbean, 08°50' N 76°54' W, 18 Jul 1966, 1281– 963 m. UMML 22.1134 (1), R/ V Pillsbury, Cruise 6907, sta. 861, west Canouan Island, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Caribbean Sea, 12°42' N 61°06' W, 0 4 Jul 1969, 380 m. UMML 22.1135 (2), R/ V Pillsbury, Cruise 7006, sta. 1177, Gulf of Gonâve, Haiti, Caribbean Sea, 19°21.5' N 73°50' W, 30 Jun 1970, 1525 m. Description. Holotype complete, with 83 chaetigers, L10= 13 mm, W10= 5 mm, TL= 48 mm. Anterior region of body with convex dorsum and flat ventrum; with a ventral groove from chaetigers 5 to last chaetiger; body depressed from chaetiger 8, widest at chaetiger 23, tapering after chaetiger 24. Prostomium bilobed, 2 mm long, 3.4 mm wide, frontally truncated, dorsally swollen, without median sulcus (Fig. 50A–B), ventral sulcus deep. Prostomial appendages in semicircle, equidistant. Palps reaching anterior end of second peristomial ring; lateral antennae reaching the middle of second peristomial ring; median antenna reaching first chaetiger. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, slender; palpostyles and ceratostyles tapering, with base thicker than palpophores and ceratophores, without articulation. Eyes absent. Peristomium bigger than prostomium (3 mm long, 4.4 mm wide), first ring two times longer than second ring; separation between rings ventrally, faintly visible dorsally and laterally (Fig. 50A–B). Inferior lip smooth. Maxillary apparatus with MF= 1+1, 6+5, 9+0, 5+11, 1+1 (Fig. 50C). Maxillary carriers 3.3 times shorter than length of MI. MI forceps-like; closing system 4 shorter than length of MI; ligament between MI and MII rectangular, sclerotized (Fig. 50C). MII wide; two distal teeth bigger, directed laterally, other teeth recurved; cavity opening oval, 4.3 times shorter than length of MII; outer edge of the maxilla with thick border which fits the MI (Fig. 50D); ligament between MII and MIII, and right MIV, slightly sclerotized (Fig. 50C). MIII short; three distal teeth smaller, rounded; with rectangular attachment lamella, sclerotized, slender, situated in center of posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 50C). Left MIV with bigger three distal teeth; attachment lamella semicircular, slender, situated 2/3 along length of posterior end of maxilla. Right MIV with blunt teeth, bigger three distal teeth; attachment lamella wide, circular, situated 3/4 along length of posterior edge. MV rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with a short rounded tooth (Fig. 50C). Mandibles sclerotized; with whitish cutting plates, rectangular, with around 5 growth rings (Fig. 50E). Branchiae pectinate with up to 21 filaments, in chaetigers 7–14 (Figs. 50A; 51B). Number of branchial filaments per chaetiger in order anterior-posterior: 20, 18, 24, 24, 21, 17, 11, 7. Basal branchial filaments slender, as long as than dorsal cirri. First two parapodia smallest; most developed along chaetigers 3–13, following ones becoming gradually smaller. Notopodial cirri conical, slightly increasing in size from 3 (Ldc3: 1.3 mm; Ldc10: 1.4 mm), from chaetiger 24, gradually decreasing in width, in posterior region slightly shorter than anterior region ones (Ldc65: 1 mm) (Fig. 51A–D). Prechaetal lobes short, as a transverse fold in all chaetigers (Fig. 51A–D). Chaetal lobes in chaetigers 1– 19, rectangular, shorter than postchaetal lobes, with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline; from chaetiger 20, triangular, longer than other lobes, with aciculae emerging dorsally to midline (Fig. 51A–D). Postchaetal lobes well developed in chaetigers 1–35; digitiform in first 4 chaetigers, in chaetigers 5–35 conical, thinner, elongated in branchial region; decreasing in size in chaetigers 15–35, following ones inconspicuous (Fig. 51A–D). Ventral cirri conical in chaetigers 1–3; in chaetigers 4–78 with oval swollen base and digitiform tip, gradually reducing in size; from chaetiger 79, conical, gradually reducing in size posteriorly (Fig. 51A–D). Aciculae sharp, with reddish basal end, distally amber (Figs. 51A–D; 52F–G). First 24 chaetigers with 4 or 5 aciculae; in chaetigers 25–72 with 2 aciculae; from chaetiger 73, with only one acicula. Limbate chaetae of two sizes in same chaetiger, larger in anterior region, reduced in number from about chaetiger 20. Two types of pectinate chaetae, in anterior chaetigers isodont narrow with long and slender teeth, with 2–3 pectinate, with up to 15 teeth, with transverse distal edge (Fig. 52A); in median-posterior isodonts narrow with short and slender teeth, with 14–17 pectinate, with up to 18 teeth, with transverse distal edge (Fig. 52B). Compound falcigers present in all chaetigers; in all chaetigers with blade of similar size (66.5–70 µm, Fig. 52C), all with triangular teeth, of similar size, distal tooth directed upward, proximal tooth directed laterally. Subacicular hooks bidentate, reddish basal end, distally amber; in posterior chaetigers the reddish coloration decreases in intensity (Fig. 52F–G), lighter than the acicula; starting in chaetiger 20, with one hook per chaetiger; with triangular teeth, distal tooth smaller than proximal, directed upward, proximal directed laterally (Fig. 52E). Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri, without articulation; dorsal pair broken, in paratype ECOSUR 0 197 as long as last seven chaetigers; ventral pair short, as long as last chaetiger. Variation. Material examined varied in following features: L10= 6–12 mm, W10= 3–5.5 mm. Twenty-five organisms were examined, of which 16 was females, 7 was males, and two lacking gametes. Thirteen complete specimens with 79 to 99 chaetigers. Palps reaching first peristomial ring or reaching second peristomial rings. Lateral and median antennae reaching second peristomial ring or reaching first chaetiger. Maxillary formula varies as follows: MII 5–8+5–8, MIII 8–10, MIV 3–5+8–12. Branchiae from chaetigers 7 to 12–15. The first and last chaetiger with branchiae were not related to the size of organisms. Maximium number of branchial filaments varied from 13 to 30 (R2= 0.44, n=25; Fig. 53A). Well developed postchaetal lobe in first 17–25 chaetiger (R2= 0.52, n=25; Fig. 53B); Ventral cirri with swollen base from chaetiger 4 to 18–23. The first and last chaetiger with ventral cirri were also not correlated with the growth of organisms. Start of subacicular hooks in chaetigers 19–24 (R2= 0.67, n=25; Fig. 53C). Type Locality. Off Panama, Caribbean Sea. Distribution. Panamanian and Colombian Caribbean, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Haiti. Etymology. The species is named after my father, Argemiro (Miro) Molina Tobón, in recognition of his teachings on love and deference for nature. The species epithet is based on his nickname, "Miro". Remarks. This species is the longest within Paucibranchia, reaching up to 12 mm at L10, (remaining species L10= up to 6 mm). Pauchibranchia miroi n. sp. is close to P. conferta n. comb., P. gathofi n. sp. and P. purcellana n. comb. by having compound falcigers only and aciculae reddish basally. However, P. miroi n. sp. lacks eyes and its prostomium is bilobed; whereas P. conferta n. comb. and P. gathofi n. sp. have eyes and an entire prostomium. Likewise, P. miroi n. sp. has falcigers with blades of similar size in anterior region; whereas in P. gathofi n. sp. they have blades of two sizes in the same region. Also, P. miroi n. sp. differs from P. purcellana n. comb. by having the former dorsal cirri slightly shorter in the postbranchial region, postchaetal lobe digitiform in pre-branchial chaetigers and conical in the brachial regions, and falcigers with blades of similar size in all chaetigers; whereas P. purcellana n. comb. has the dorsal cirri 1.4 times longer in postbranchial chaetigers than posterior region, postchetal lobes bluntly conical, and falcigers with blades of three sizes in anterior chaetigers. The comparison with the others Paucibranchia n. gen. species having only compound falcigers present is provided in Table 2.Published as part of Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., 2018, Morphological revision of the Subgroup 1 Fauchald, 1970 of Marphysa de Quatrefages, 1865 (Eunicidae: Polychaeta), pp. 1-125 in Zootaxa 4480 (1) on pages 72-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4480.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145303
Neurotransmitter modulation of extracellular H+ fluxes from isolated retinal horizontal cells of the skate
No full textSelf-referencing H+-selective microelectrodes were used to measure extracellular H+ fluxes from horizontal cells isolated from the skate retina. A standing H+ flux was detected from quiescent cells, indicating a higher concentration of free hydrogen ions near the extracellular surface of the cell as compared to the surrounding solution. The standing H+ flux was reduced by removal of extracellular sodium or application of 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA), suggesting activity of a Na+–H+ exchanger. Glutamate decreased H+ flux, lowering the concentration of free hydrogen ions around the cell. AMPA/kainate receptor agonists mimicked the response, and the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) eliminated the effects of glutamate and kainate. Metabotropic glutamate agonists were without effect. Glutamate-induced alterations in H+ flux required extracellular calcium, and were abolished when cells were bathed in an alkaline Ringer solution. Increasing intracellular calcium by photolysis of the caged calcium compound NP-EGTA also altered extracellular H+ flux. Immunocytochemical localization of the plasmalemma Ca2+–H+-ATPase (PMCA pump) revealed intense labelling within the outer plexiform layer and on isolated horizontal cells. Our results suggest that glutamate modulation of H+ flux arises from calcium entry into cells with subsequent activation of the plasmalemma Ca2+–H+-ATPase. These neurotransmitter-induced changes in extracellular pH have the potential to play a modulatory role in synaptic processing in the outer retina. However, our findings argue against the hypothesis that hydrogen ions released by horizontal cells normally act as the inhibitory feedback neurotransmitter onto photoreceptor synaptic terminals to create the surround portion of the centre-surround receptive fields of retinal neuron
Paucibranchia gemmata Molina-Acevedo 2018, n. comb.
No full textPaucibranchia gemmata (Mohammad, 1973) n. comb. Figures 38–41, Tables 1–2 Marphysa gemmata Mohammad, 1973:32 –34, Figs. 4–5; Katsiaras et al. 2014:211 –213, Figs. 8a–d, 9a–d, Tab. 2. Material examined. Type material: Holotype BNHM 1971.49, Al-Dbaiyyah, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf, 9 May 1969, 28°57’ N 48°11’ E, in sand, intertidal, coll. M. B. Mohammad. Description. Holotype incomplete, dried, with 160 chaetigers, L10= 5.9 mm, W10= 1 mm, the fragment with TL= 51 mm. Anterior region of body with convex dorsum, and flat ventrum, without groove; body depressed from chaetiger 6, widest at chaetiger 92, tapering after chaetiger 136. Prostomium in poor condition, entire, 0.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, frontally rounded, without median sulcus (Fig. 38A), ventral sulcus deep (Fig. 38B). Prostomial appendages in a semicircle, median antenna equidistant. Palps reaching first chaetiger; right lateral antennae broken, left lateral antennae reaching second chaetiger; median antennae reaching four chaetiger. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, thick; palpostyles and ceratostyles tapering, thick, without articulation. Eyes absent. Peristomium wider than prostomium (1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide), first ring two times longer than second ring, separation between rings distinct on all sides (Fig. 38A–B). Inferior lip broken. Maxillary apparatus with MF= 1+1, 8+8, 7+0, 7+9, 1+1 (Fig. 39A). Maxillary carriers 2.1 times shorter than length of MI. MI forceps-like; closing system 10.5 times shorter than length of MI; ligament between MI and MII slightly sclerotized (Fig. 39A–B). MII wide; teeth curved, cavity opening oval 4 times shorter than length of MII; ligament between MII and MIII, and right MIV, slightly sclerotized (Fig. 39A–B). MIII short; with triangular teeth; with attachment lamella slightly sclerotized (Fig. 39A–B). Left MIV with small basal teeth; attachment lamella triangular, wide, situated 1/2 along length of posterior edge of maxilla, slightly sclerotized. Right MIV with teeth of similar size; attachment lamella slender, semicircular, better developed in the middle, situated 1/3 along length of posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 39A–C). MV square, with a short rounded tooth (Fig. 39A–B). Mandibles dark; cutting plates whitish, with 18 growth rings (Fig. 39D). Branchiae pectinate with up to 16 filaments, in chaetigers 22–45 (Figs. 38C; 40C). Number of branchial filaments per chaetiger in order anterior-posterior: 10, 13, 14, 13, 15, 12, 13, 14, 16, 11, 16, 13, 13,?, 11, 15, 9,?, 8, 13, 12, 12, 16. Basal branchial filaments longer than dorsal cirri. First parapodia smallest; most developed in chaetigers 3–17, following ones becoming gradually smaller. Notopodial cirri conical, increasing in size from chaetiger 3 (Ldc4: 0.60 mm; Ldc16: 0.86 mm) from chaetiger 46, gradually decreasing in width and increasing in length; in posterior region, filiform, two times longer than prebranchial region ones (Ldc105: 1.3 mm); Hayashi & Yamane’s organ present (Fig. 40A–E). Prechaetal lobes as a transverse fold in all chaetigers (Fig. 40A–E). Chaetal lobes in chaetigers 1–36, rounded, shorter than postchaetal lobes, with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline; from chaetiger 29, triangular, longer than other lobes, with aciculae emerging of midline (Fig. 40A–E). Postchaetal lobes well developed in chaetigers 1–94, conical; thinner, elongated in branchial region; decreasing in size in chaetigers 53–94, following ones inconspicuous (Fig. 40A–E). Ventral cirri digitiform in chaetigers 1–14; in chaetigers 15–66 with oval swollen base and digitiform tip; from chaetiger 67, conical, gradually reducing in size posteriorly (Fig. 40A–E). Aciculae blunt; translucent (Fig. 40A–E). First 17 chaetigers with 3 aciculae; in chaetigers 18–29 with 2 aciculae; from chaetiger 30, with only one acicula. Limbate chaetae of two sizes in same chaetiger, larger in anterior region, reduced in number around chaetiger 27. One types of pectinate chaetae; in anterior chaetigers isodonts narrow, with 1–2 pectinate, with up to 3–4 teeth, with transverse distal edge; in median-posterior pectinate not observed. Compound falcigers present in all chaetigers; in anterior region with blade of three sizes (longer 108.5 µm; Fig. 41A, median 90 µm, Fig. 41B; smaller 80 µm, Fig. 41C), the smaller more abundant; all with triangular teeth, of similar size, distal tooth directed upward, proximal tooth directed laterally; in media-posterior chaetigers with all blades of similar size, shorter than blades of anterior chaetigers (56 µm, Fig. 41D), with triangular teeth, distal tooth shorter than proximal, directed upward, proximal tooth directed laterally. Subacicular hooks bidentate, translucent, starting in chaetiger 61L–62R; with one hook per chaetiger; with triangular teeth, distal tooth smaller than proximal, directed upward; proximal tooth directed laterally (Fig. 41E). Distribution. Kuwait, Persian Gulf. Remarks. The specimen studied here is the only record that has been found of this species. Katsiaras et al. (2014) commented that they did not observe pectinate chaetae in the posterior chaetigers, and this peculiar condition is confirmed here. Paucibranchia gemmata n. comb. resembles P. adenensis n. comb., P. conferta n. comb., P. patriciae n. sp. and Paucibranchia sp. 2 in the translucent color of subacicular hooks and bidentate form, and the presence of only compound falcigers. However, P. gemmata n. comb. is different because it has dorsal cirri two times longer in the postbranchial region; whereas in all previous species dorsal cirri are of the same size in pre- and postbranchial regions. In addition, P. gemmata n. comb. has falcigers with blades of three sizes in anterior chaetigers; whereas P. adenensis n. comb. and Paucibranchia sp. 2 only have falcigers with blades of two size, and in P. patriciae n. sp. all blades are of similar size. Finally, the aciculae are translucent in P. gemmata n. comb.; whereas in P. conferta n. sp. are reddish on the basal end and translucent distally. The comparison with other Paucibranchia n. gen. species having only compound falcigers present is provided in Table 2.Published as part of Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., 2018, Morphological revision of the Subgroup 1 Fauchald, 1970 of Marphysa de Quatrefages, 1865 (Eunicidae: Polychaeta), pp. 1-125 in Zootaxa 4480 (1) on pages 57-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4480.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145303
Base de datos- IJRDM
No full text<p>Base de datos utilizada para la elaboración del trabajo:</p>
<p><a title="Irene Gil-Saura" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Irene%20Gil-Saura" rel="nofollow">Gil-Saura, I.</a>, <a title="Maria-Eugenia Ruiz-Molina" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Maria-Eugenia%20Ruiz-Molina" rel="nofollow">Ruiz-Molina, M.-E.</a>, <a title="Antonio Marín-García" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Antonio%20Mar%C3%ADn-Garc%C3%ADa" rel="nofollow">Marín-García, A.</a> and <a title="Géraldine Michel" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=G%C3%A9raldine%20Michel" rel="nofollow">Michel, G.</a> (2023), "Sustainability-oriented commerce innovation: How does it influence consumer satisfaction?", <em><a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0959-0552">International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management</a></em>, Vol. 51 No. 11, pp. 1477-1496. <a title="DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-07-2022-0267" href="https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-07-2022-0267">https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-07-2022-0267</a></p>
Performance and carcass fatty acid profile of guinea pigs raised under three feeding systems
No full textUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en NutriciónEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos graso de carcasa de cuyes criados bajo tres sistemas de alimentación. Para ello, se utilizaron 18 cuyes machos de 21+2 días de edad alojados individualmente al azar, en jaulas galvanizadas. Cada cuy constituyó una unidad experimental. Seis cuyes recibieron, uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, Solo alfalfa verde; T2, Alimentación mixta (Alimento balanceado “Cuy Mixto La Molina” + alfalfa verde (10% del PV)); y T3, Alimentación integral (Solo alimento balanceado “Cuy Integral La Molina”). La fase experimental tuvo una duración de 28 días. La ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimentaria se midieron semanalmente. Al final del periodo de evaluación todos los animales fueron sacrificados para evaluar el rendimiento de carcasa. A continuación, la carcasa se procesó para extraer la grasa total y luego determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos a través de cromatografía de gases. Los datos registrados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza bajo el Diseño Completamente Randomizado. Las variables de la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la carcasa de los animales experimentales fueron significativamente influenciados (p<0.05) por los tratamientos dietarios. Es decir, cuyes alimentados con el T1, tuvieron menor consumo de alimento, menor ganancia de peso, mayor conversión alimentaria (4.7) y menor rendimiento de carcasa que los animales que recibieron los otros dos tratamientos (T2 y T3). Sin embargo, tuvieron carcasas con el mayor contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3 en particular el ácido α-linolénico y menor contenido de ácidos grasos omega-6, resultando en una menor relación de ácidos grasos n-6/n-3 y con el menor contenido de grasa. En conclusión, este estudio muestra que Medicago sativa es una fuente de ácidos grasos n-3 particularmente de ácido α-linolénico que puede mejorar significativamente el contenido ácidos grasos n-3 de la carcasaThe objective of this study was to determine the performance and carcass fatty acid profile of guinea pigs raised under three feeding systems. For this, 18 21-day-old male guinea pigs were used individually housed randomly in galvanized cages. Each guinea pig was an experimental unit. Six guinea pigs received one of the following treatments: T1, only green alfalfa; T2, Mixed feeding (concentrate feed "Cuy Mixto La Molina" + green alfalfa (10% BW)); and T3, Integral feeding (only concentrate feed "Cuy Integral La Molina"). The experiment lasted 28 days. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. At the end of the evaluation period all animals were killed to assess carcass yield. Carcass was then processed to extract the total fat and determine the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. The recorded data were subjected to analysis of variance under the Completely Random Design. The productive performance and fatty acid profile of the carcass of experimental animals were significantly influenced (p <0.05) by the dietary treatments. That is, guinea pigs fed the T1 had lower feed intake, lower weight gain, higher feed conversion and lower carcass yield than the animals that received the other two treatments (T2 and T3). However, they had carcasses with the highest content of omega-3 in particular α-linolenic fatty acid and lower content of omega-6, resulting in a lower n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and the lowest carcass fat content. In conclusion, this study shows that Medicago sativa is a source of n-3 fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid which can improve significantly fatty acids n-3 content of the carcasses.Tesi
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