122,657 research outputs found
Choeras taftanensis Moghaddam & Rakhshani & Achterberg & Mokhtari 2018, sp. n.
No full text<i>Choeras taftanensis</i> Ghafouri Moghaddam & van Achterberg sp. n. <p>[Figs 4–6]</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype:</b> ♀ (DPPZ). Southeastern IRAN: Sistan-o Baluchestan, Khash, Darreh’gol, hillside of Taftan Mt. (28°36’10.205”N, 061°04′48.789”E, 2533m), 05.vi.2016, Swept on <i>Mentha pulegium</i>, leg.: M. Ghafouri Moghaddam.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> 7 ♀ and 9 ♂ (DPPZ): Southeastern: 1 ♂, same data as holotype; 1 ♀, same locality, 28.vi.2015, Malaise trap no. 16; 7 ♂, Kerman, Jiroft (28°40'30.4"N, 57°44'13.77"E, 688m), 27.iii.2014, swept in citrus orchards, leg.: N. Amirinasab; 1 ♀, Kerman, Jiroft, Karimabad (28°40’N, 57°44′E, 687m), 10.iv.2014, swept from <i>Mentha pulegium</i>, leg.: N. Amirinasab; 1 ♀, Kerman, Bardsir, Negar (29°51′57.9″N, 56°47′55.5″E, 2095m), 06.vii.2014, swept from weeds, leg.: F. Abdolalizadeh; 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, Kerman, Sirch (30°11′58.5″N, 57°33′50.7″E, 1702m), 11.viii.2014, swept from weeds in orchards, leg.: S. Kazemi; 1 ♀, Kerman, Jiroft (28°40'30.4"N, 57°44'13.77"E, 688m), 31.iii.2015, swept in citrus orchards, leg.: N. Amirinasab. Western: 1 ♀, Kermanshah, Sonqor (34°47’N, 47°36′E, 1681m), 18.viii.2013, swept from <i>Mentha pulegium</i>, leg.: M. Sharifi Ghorveh; 1 ♀, Kermanshah, Harsin (34°16’18.89”N, 47°36′16.63”E, 1568m), 05.vi.2016, Malaise traps in orchards, leg.: M. Zardouei Heidari.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Penultimate and apical flagellomeres (15th and 16th) slender, 1.1 and 2.1 × as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 4B). Mesoscutum finely, densely punctate, scutoscutellar sulcus with 11 or 12 carinae and/or pits (Fig. 5A). Propodeum shiny, medially with an irregular medio-longitudinal carina, with transverse carina presented by rugae, slightly rugose postero-laterally (Fig. 5B). Tarsal claws less slender and with two teeth, metacoxa 2.6 × as long as wide (Figs. 4A, 5E). Vein r of fore wing 0.9 × as vein 2 RS and curved, vein r-m 1.9 × 3RSa, subbasal cell about 0.6 × of vein 1M and more setose than around of vein 1M (Figs 5F–5G). T1 length 1.7 × its width posteriorly, anterior and posterior half of T1 parallel-sided (anterior width 1.1 × posterior width), anterior half of T1 rather convex, coarsely punctate. T2 laterally long and weakly sloping, apically not straight and short, its posterior width 5.2 × its medial length. T3 with a shape of inverse triangle anteriorly, without sandglass-shaped (Figs 5C–5D).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Holotype, female, length of body 2.8–3.1 mm, length of antenna 2.4–2.7 mm, length of fore wing 2.9–3.2 mm.</p> <p> <i>Colour.</i> Antenna: scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown except apex of scape brownish yellow (Fig. 4B). Clypeus darkened and medially dark brown (Fig. 4D). Head, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, propodeum, propleuron mesopleuron, metapleuron and T1–T2 entirely dark and anterior margin T3 dark to dark brown (Figs 4D–4G, 5A–5D). Mediotergites, laterotergites, sternites 4–8 yellow and with a brown spot medially (Figs 5D–5F), hypopygium completely whitish yellow (Fig. 5F). Coxae (pro-, meso-, meta): yellowish orange, the latter two dorsally dark brown and brown ventrally (Figs 4A, 4G, 5E). Femora (pro-, meso-, meta): all yellowish orange except metafemur more or less dark brown apically. Tibiae (pro-, meso-, meta): yellow, but of metacoxa only anterior two-fifths yellow, followed by one-third brown and with apical fifth dark brown (Figs 4A, 5E).</p> <p> <i>Head.</i> Antenna about 0.8 × body length, penultimate flagellomeres slender, subapical antennal flagellomeres somewhat moniliform but longer than wide, flagellomeres finely setose and somewhat woolly, 14th flagellomere 0.8 × as long as 13th flagellomere, first flagellomere 0.9 × as long as second flagellomere, penultimate and apical flagellomeres (15th and 16th) 1.1 and 2.1 × as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 4B). Head and face densely punctate (Figs 4D, 4F). Temple and clypeus rather finely punctate (Fig. 4D–4E). Face with medio-longitudinal ridge and/or prominence (Fig. 4D).</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma.</i> Mesosoma 1.15 × as long as wide (Figs 4G, 5A). Pronotum rather wide, densely punctate (Fig. 5A); propleuron sparsely punctate. Mesoscutum finely and densely punctate (Fig. 5A). Scutoscutellar sulcus with 11 or 12 carinae and/or pits, mesoscutellum shiny and punctate and lateral face carinate (Figs 5A–5B); lunula obtusely triangular. Mesopleuron densely punctate on anterior half, largely smooth and shiny posteriorly and glabrous (Fig. 4G). Propodeum shiny, medially with an irregular medio-longitudinal carina, with transverse carina represented by rugae, slightly rugose postero-laterally (Fig. 5B).</p> <p> <i>Legs.</i> Tarsal claws less slender than related species and with two teeth subbasally. Metacoxa punctate with upper surface smooth and shiny, surpassing anterior margin of T3 more or less up to middle of T3 (Fig. 4A, 5E). Metafemur punctate and 0.8 × as long as metatibia (Figs 4A, 5E).</p> <p> <i>Wings.</i> Fore wing 0.8 × as long as body, vein R1 approx. 1.3 × longer than pterostigma length. Border of pterostigma relatively convex. Vein r of fore wing 0.9 × as long as vein 2 RS and curved, stub of vein r-m of fore wing usually long and unpigmented, and resulting in a largely closed second submarginal cell, vein r-m twice 3RSa. Vein r about 0.6 shorter than width of pterostigma. Vein 2 RS straight. 1Cua 0.8 × 1CUb. Subbasal cell densely setose and about 0.7 × as long as vein 1M. Hind wing: vein cu-a slightly curved (Figs 5F–5G).</p> <p> <i>Metasoma.</i> Posterior half of T1 parallel-sided and at most slightly narrowed. Anterior half of T1 rather convex, coarsely punctate, and posterior half with strong rugae except smooth median prominence. T2 transversely narrowed, subtriangular, lateral sides long and weakly sloping, apically not straight and short. T2 with strong rugae laterally, smooth and shiny medially. T3 smooth and with a shape of inverse triangle anteriorly (without sandglass- shaped) (Figs 5C–5D). T4–T8 with brown medial spot, but T5 and T6 with a transverse whitish band (Fig. 5D). Hypopygium large and folded with medio-longitudinal creases. Ovipositor sheath slender basally and conspicuously broadening toward apex, smooth and with many long whitish setae especially apically, setose part 0.8 × as long as metatibia (Fig. 5E).</p> <p> <b>Hosts.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown. The specimens were collected in southeastern and western of Iran from April to August. Based on the collecting data it is most abundant in April–June. However, the collecting device (Malaise trap) was not emptied regularly and so the actual flight dates for the species cannot be considered as very precise.</p> <p> <b>Distribution (Fig. 11B):</b> Sistan-o Baluchestan, Kerman and Kermanshah provinces (Iran).</p> <p> <b>Similar species.</b> The most similar species is <i>C. semirugosus</i> Song & Chen, 2014, from China, females of this species have a narrowed T1, basally with a smooth shallow excavation, T2 small and about 4.3 × wider than long, with a long and concave slope, T3 with a large brown spot, fore wing without veins r-m and 3RSa (without areolet), width of subbasal cell about half of vein 1M and less setose, 14th and 15th flagellomeres slightly elongated, metafemur yellow and tarsal claws only setose.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (Fig. 6). Length of body 3.2–3.5 mm, length of antenna 3.8–4.1 mm, length of fore wing 3.5–3.8 mm. Similar to female but with darker antenna (Fig. 6A), longer fore wing and body (Fig. 6A), legs completely orange but about apical half of metatibia dark brown (Fig. 6A), darker than pterostigma (Fig. 6B), vein r straight (Fig. 6B), T4–T8 often with large brown band (Figs 6D, 6F).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This new species is named after Taftan Mt., which is a famous and important mountain in southeastern Iran. This is the first time that <i>Choeras</i> has been recorded from this province and mountain.</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> We observed considerable size differences (up to 10%) in males from Kerman and Sistan-o Baluchestan. It may be due to the size of the host larva, a lack of nutrients, or is possibly connected to a slightly later emergence.</p>Published as part of <i>Moghaddam, Mostafa Ghafouri, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Achterberg, Cornelis Van & Mokhtari, Azizollah, 2018, A study of the Iranian species of Choeras Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with the description of a new species, pp. 455-476 in Zootaxa 4446 (4)</i> on pages 462-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1444404">http://zenodo.org/record/1444404</a>
Solving the generalized regularized long wave equation on the basis of a reproducing kernel space
No full textAbstractOn the basis of a reproducing kernel space, an iterative algorithm for solving the generalized regularized long wave equation is presented. The analytical solution in the reproducing kernel space is shown in a series form and the approximate solution un is constructed by truncating the series to n terms. The convergence of un to the analytical solution is also proved. Results obtained by the proposed method imply that it can be considered as a simple and accurate method for solving such evolution equations
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Dasydorylas zardouei Motamedinia & Kehlmaier & Mokhtari & Rakhshani & Gilasian 2017, sp. nov.
No full textDasydorylas zardouei Motamedinia & Kehlmaier sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9BA2A47-D425-4FD6-8F6C-074EAAC7219B Figs 4–5 Differential diagnosis Dasydorylas zardouei sp. nov. is closely related to the western Palaearctic D. holosericeus (Becker, 1897) and D. roseri (Becker, 1897), both redescribed by Kehlmaier (2005a), to the Afrotropical D. evanidus (Hardy, 1949), redescribed by Földvári (2013), to the Oriental D. orientalis (Koizumi, 1959), redescribed by Kapoor et al. (1987), and, judging from the original figures, also to D. antennalis (Kapoor et al., 1987) comb. nov. from southern India. Being morphologically hardly distinguishable from each other, the D. holosericeus species group is a good example of how challenging pipunculid taxonomy can be. The males of D. zardouei sp. nov. differ from those of the other species by a different sclerotization pattern of the gonopods and by the length of the phallus. The females can be separated by the shorter length of tergite 9 (piercer of ovipositor). Etymology The species is named in honour of Maryam Zardouei who collected the type series material. The surname is to be used as a noun in apposition. Material examined Holotype IRAN: ♂, Kermanshah Province, Gheshlagh, 34°56′31′′ N, 46°27′54′′ E, 1533 m a.s.l., 17 Aug. 2015, Malaise trap, M. Zardouei leg. (HMIM). Paratypes IRAN: 1♂, same collection data as for holotype (HMIM); 1♂, Kermanshah Province, Dodan, 35°00′44′′ N, 46°12′27′′ E, 954 m a.s.l., 15 Jun. 2015, Malaise trap, M. Zardouei leg. (HMIM); 1 ♂, Kermanshah Province, Sarpolezahab, 34°28′10′′ N, 45°49′31′′ E, 546 m a.s.l., 1 Jun. 2015, Malaise trap, M. Zardouei leg. (SMTD; DNA voucher CK885, LT671746); 1 ♀, same collection data as preceding (SMTD; DNA voucher CK886, LT671747); 1 ♀, same collection data as preceding (HMIM). Description Male BODY LENGTH. 3.1–3.5 mm (excluding antennae). HEAD. Face dark, silver-gray pollinose. Scape dark, pedicel brown with three short upper bristles and one short lower bristle; flagellum brown, short tapering and gray pollinose (LF:WF = 2.1–2.2); arista dark, with thickened base. Eyes meeting for twelve facets (Fig. 4B). Frons dark, silver-gray pollinose; vertex dark, lacking pollinosity, shining black; occiput dark, gray pollinose. THORAX. Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum dark, but prescutum light yellow at lateral margin. Pleura gray pollinose. Postpronotal lobe pale, gray pollinose and with 2–3 postpronotal setae along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum gray pollinose, with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows of setae and patches of supra-alar setae. Scutellum gray pollinose, with a fringe of up to six dark setae (up to 0.1 mm). Subscutellum gray pollinose, only in dorsocentral area with some brown pollinosity. WING. Length: 3.2–3.4 mm. LW:MWW=3.1–3.3. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Only small basal cells of wings, e.g., bc, br, bm, basal of cup cell with somewhat reduced microtrichia. Pterostigma brown and complete (LS:LTC =1.0, LTC:LFC =1.1). M 1 straight. HALTER. Length: 0.5 mm. Base dark, stem narrowly white and knob yellow. Base and stem somewhat gray pollinose. LEGS. Coxae dark, gray pollinose. Front and mid coxae with two dark anterior bristles. Trochanters dark, partly gray pollinose. Femora dark, distinctly yellow at apex, gray pollinose. All femora bearing two rows of dark, smaller, peg-like anteroventral spines on apical one third. Tibiae dark, with basal third and sometimes also apices pale, gray pollinose, with three rows of setae on anterior and posterior side, without apical spines. Hind tibia with some weak wrinkles midanteriorly, bearing one or two stronger bristles. Tarsi brown and paler than tibiae, gray pollinose, with some brown setae dorsally. Distitarsi dark. Pulvilli longer than distitarsi. ABDOMEN. Ground colour dark. Tergite 1 with four to five strong lateral bristles, arranged in one row. Tergites1–5 with brown setae.Tergites1–2 gray pollinose laterally and dorsally, tergites 3–5gray pollinose laterally, extending onto dorsal surface along posterior margin. Tergite 5 symmetrical. LT35:WT5=1.5, WT5:LT5 =1.3 and T5R:T5L=1.0. Syntergosternite 8 dark, brown pollinose, without dorsal depression on side of right surstylus. LT35:WS8=2.5. Viewed laterally, as long as high (LS8:HS8 =1.0). Viewed caudally, membranous area vertically directed, broader in upper half, occupying about a third of the width of syntergosternite 8. GENITALIA. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium dark, brown pollinose and wider than long (MLE:MWE =0.8). Surstyli brown, narrowly pale at apices, brown pollinose and rather symmetrical. Both surstyli with a blocky base and a broad finger-like projection at its apical inner corner, bent outward distally by 90°; base of right surstylus slightly wider than left surstylus (Fig. 5G). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods minute and symmetrical, with elongated regions of distinctly stronger sclerotization (Fig. 5A); phallus trifid, straight and short (almost reaches apex of surstyli), with a membranous nose at base (Fig. 5B); phallic guide narrow and straight, with two dorsolateral spines at the end of basal half on either side (Fig. 5C). Genital capsule in lateral view: epandrium without projecting lobe on either side. Both surstyli in basal half broad, in apical half narrowed to form a finger-like process which is bent towards the sternites by 90° (Fig. 5 F–G). Phallic guide bow-like bent towards surstyli (Fig. 5C). Ejaculatory apodeme funnel-shaped (Fig. 5D). Female (Figs 4 C–D, 5H–I) BODY LENGTH. 3.2 mm (excluding antennae). HEAD. Scape dark, with two upper bristles. Pedicel with three to four short upper bristles and a pair of short lower bristles. Flagellum paler than pedicel and long, tapering. LF:WF =3.1. Eyes separated (Fig. 4D). Front facets enlarged (0.05 mm). Frons dark, lower half silver-gray pollinose, otherwise shining. Frons with a weak median keel, ending in a tubercle shortly before antenna. Occiput gray pollinose. THORAX. Postpronotal lobe light yellow, gray pollinose with some light brown bristles. Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum dark, gray pollinose. WING. Length: 3.1 mm. LW:MWW=3.3. Pterostigma brown and complete (LS:LTC=1.0, LTC:LFC= 0.8). LEGS. Hind coxa paler and larger than fore and mid coxae, with 4–6 black or brownish bristles. Mid femur with two small ventral rows of dark peg-like spines on apical half. Tibiae light brown, distinctly darkened on apical half, without apical spines. Pulvilli longer than distitarsi. ABDOMEN. Tergites 1–5 gray pollinose laterally, extending onto dorsal surface along posterior margin. Tergites 2–5 with dark scattered bristles. OVIPOSITOR. Base of ovipositor dark, dorsally with some gray pollinosity. Viewed dorsally (Fig. 5H), base rather rectangular, without a median longitudinal furrow, longer than wide. Anal opening ovate. Suture between tergite 7 and 8 hardly visible. Piercer yellowish-brown. Proximal part of piercer narrow and triangular. Viewed laterally (Fig. 5I), base of piercer slightly curved, piercer straight and as long as base. LP:LB= 1.0. LDP:LPP=1.9. Distribution Iran.Published as part of Motamedinia, Behnam, Kehlmaier, Christian, Mokhtari, Azizollah, Rakhshani, Ehsan & Gilasian, Ebrahim, 2017, The genus Dasydorylas Skevington in Iran, with the description of two new species (Diptera: Pipunculidae), pp. 1-13 in European Journal of Taxonomy 362 on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.362, http://zenodo.org/record/383654
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Dasydorylas derafshani Motamedinia & Kehlmaier & Mokhtari & Rakhshani & Gilasian 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Dasydorylas derafshani</i> Motamedinia & Kehlmaier sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCFE0068-C682-4C17-A45B-587D2F 220575</p> <p>Figs 2–3</p> Differential diagnosis <p> <i>Dasydorylas derafshani</i> sp. nov. is closely related to <i>D. setosus</i> (Becker, 1908), redescribed by Kehlmaier (2005a) and known from the Canary Islands, Morocco and Spain, and to <i>D. gradus</i> Kehlmaier, 2005, described from Israel by Kehlmaier (2005b). The males of all three species have long spines at the apex of the phallic guide that differ in number and direction between species, with <i>D. derafshani</i> sp. nov. having eight downward directed spines on either side. Additional diagnostic characters are the differently shaped surstyli and, compared to <i>D. setosus</i>, the shorter and more pilose scutellar hair fringe.</p> Etymology <p>This species is named in honour of Hossein Ali Derafshan, who collected the type series material. The surname is to be used as a noun in genitive case.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p>IRAN: ♂, Sistan-o Baluchestan Province, Zabol County, Zabol, 31°55′10′′ N, 61°31′17′′ E, 485 m a.s.l., 14 May 2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Derafshan leg. (HMIM).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b></p> <p> IRAN: 1 ♂, Sistan-o Beluchestan Province, Zabol County, Zabol, 31°05′04′′ N, 61°26′04′′ E, 482 m a.s.l., 22 Apr. 2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Derafshan leg. (SMTD; DNA voucher CK863, LT626249); 1 ♂, Sistan-o Beluchestan Province, Zabol County, Zabol, 31°09′23′′ N, 61°23′57′′ E, 450 m a.s.l., 20 Apr. 2016, swept from <i>Tamarix aphylla</i>, H.A. Derafshan leg. (HMIM).</p> Description <p> <b>Male</b></p> <p>BODY LENGTH. 3.3–3.7 mm (excluding antennae).</p> <p>HEAD. Face dark, silver-gray pollinose. Scape dark, pedicel brown with a pair of short upper bristles and one short lower bristle; flagellum yellow, short tapering and gray pollinose (LF:WF=2–2.2); arista dark, flattened, with thickened base. Eyes converging but not meeting and separated by less than diameter of frontal facets (Fig. 2B). Frons dark, silver-gray pollinose; vertex dark, lacking pollinosity; occiput dark, gray pollinose.</p> <p>THORAX. Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum dark but prescutum light yellow at lateral margin. Pleura gray pollinose. Postpronotal lobe pale, gray pollinose and with 3–5 postpronotal setae along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum gray pollinose, with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows of conspicuous setae and supra-alar setae. Scutellum gray pollinose, with an apical fringe of up to ten pale setae (up to 0.1 mm). Subscutellum gray pollinose.</p> <p> WING. Length: 3.3–3.5 mm. LW:MWW=3–3.2. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia. Only small basal cells of wings, e.g., bc, basal of cell c, br, cell bm, basal of cup with somewhat reduced microtrichia. Pterostigma brown and complete (LS:LTC =1.0, LTC:LFC =1.1). M 1 gently undulating.</p> <p>HALTER. Length: 0.4 mm. Base dark, stem narrowly white and knob paler than base, somewhat gray pollinose.</p> <p>LEGS. Coxae dark but yellow on apical margin, gray pollinose. Mid coxa with three brown anterior bristles. Trochanters light brown, partly gray pollinose. Femora dark, distinctly light brown at apex, gray pollinose. All femora bearing two rows of dark, smaller, peg-like anteroventral spines on apical one third. Tibiae light brown, distinctly dark on apical half, gray pollinose with three rows of brown setae on anterior and posterior sides, without apical spines. Hind tibia with a wrinkled indentation midanteriorly. Tarsi light brown and paler than apical half of tibiae, brown pollinose, with some black setae dorsally. Distitarsi brown. Pulvilli shorter than distitarsi.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Ground colour dark. Tergite 1 with four to five brown lateral bristles. Tergites 1–5 with brown setae. Tergites 1–2 gray pollinose laterally and dorsally, and tergites 3–5 gray pollinose laterally extending onto dorsal surface along posterior margin. Tergite 5 asymmetrical. LT35:WT5= 1.4, WT5:LT5 =2.1 and T5R:T5L=1.1. Syntergosternite 8 dark, gray pollinose, without dorsal depression on side of left surstylus. LT35:WS8 =2.2. Viewed laterally, syntergosternite 8 higher than long (LS8:HS8= 0.6). Viewed caudally, membranous area about one third of the width of syntergosternite 8, vertically directed, broader in upper half.</p> <p>GENITALIA. Genital capsule in dorsal view: epandrium dark but brownish near surstyli and tergite 5, gray pollinose and longer than wide (MLE:MWE= 1.5). Surstyli paler than epandrium, gray pollinose and symmetrical (Fig. 3E). Both with a broad and rectangular base and a pair of finger-like projections at apices which are bent towards each other by 45° (Fig. 3E). Genital capsule in ventral view: gonopods rather large and almost symmetrical (Fig. 3A); phallus trifid, narrow, with long and straight ejaculatory ducts (Fig. 3B); phallic guide of medium length, rather broad, on either side with eight downwards directed long spines at its apex (Fig. 3A). Genital capsule in lateral view: epandrium without projecting lobe on either side. Both surstyli distinctly convex and broad in basal two thirds, distally narrowed to form a pair of finger-like processes which are bent towards each other (Fig. 3 F–G). Phallic guide broad, gently bent towards surstyli (Fig. 3C). Ejaculatory apodeme funnel-shaped (Fig. 3D).</p> <p> <b>Female</b></p> <p>Unknown.</p> Distribution <p>Iran.</p>Published as part of <i>Motamedinia, Behnam, Kehlmaier, Christian, Mokhtari, Azizollah, Rakhshani, Ehsan & Gilasian, Ebrahim, 2017, The genus Dasydorylas Skevington in Iran, with the description of two new species (Diptera: Pipunculidae), pp. 1-13 in European Journal of Taxonomy 362</i> on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.362, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3836546">http://zenodo.org/record/3836546</a>
Passive Strategies for Building Retrofitting: Performances Analysis and Incentive Policies for the Iranian Scenario
No full textA large amount of the Iranian energy demand is related to the building sector, mainly due to its obsolescence. In this paper, a second-skin system has been implemented as a retrofit action for an office building, evaluating the effect of a tensile material as second-skin in terms of primary energy saving, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and simple payback period. The analysis was carried out through numerical simulations across a whole year and for four Iranian cities (Tabriz, Teheran, Yazd, and Bandar Abbas) in four different climates (cold, temperate, hot-dry, and hot-wet), and with the building aligned at either north-south or east-west. Moreover, an economic analysis was carried out suggesting different incentive policies to promote building energy refurbishment. The simulation results highlighted a favorable orientation for buildings in Iran, suggesting a guideline for new constructions. Indeed, the best results were achieved for an east-west orientation of the building (up to a primary energy saving of 13.6% and reduction of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of 45.5 MgCO2,eq, in Yazd), with a decrease of the annual specific total (cooling and thermal) energy demand of 37.9 kWh/m2 /year. The simple payback period values were also lower in the east-west orientation than the north-south one
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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