1,721,117 research outputs found
Toxicological evaluation of sobatum
No full textSobatum, the partially purified component of the plant Solanum trilobatum was obtained from the petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (75:25) extractable portion. It was identified as P-sitosterol by comparison with an authentic sample and proved to be an anticancer agent by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the acute/subacute toxicity of sobatum and its effect on antioxidant enzymes. In the acute toxicity test, there was a single exposure of sobatum in mice in order to evaluate toxicity symptoms. In the subacute toxicity study, the exposure was usually daily so as to evaluate the target organs affected by the compound and the major toxic effects and enzymatic and histopathological changes. The results of the study suggested that sobatum did not induce any toxic symptoms or death immediately after injection or at the end of the experimental period. It was also shown that there was no change in blood parameters or antioxidant enzymes in sobatum-treated animals. Regarding histopathological evaluation, there was no development of gross abnormalities or pathological lesions observed in any of the tissues in sobatum-treated and control groups. Hence, the present study concluded that the anticancer agent, sobatum, did not produce any acute/subacute toxicities or anomalies in the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
Microtox system, a new approach to the safety evaluation of medical devices
No full textMedical devices of both intra- and extra-corporeal applications may contain leachable toxicants that warrant routine testing using internationally recognized/practiced protocols. An in vitro Microtox system comprising a selected bioluminescence strain of bacteria-Photobacterium phosphorium which emits light as an end product of its respiration, is used to screen out toxicants from biomaterials/devices. A Microtox system was standardized and validated in our laboratory conditions. Our experiences with extract of pyrogenic cardiotomy reservoir, blood filter and systemically toxic (in mice) Barium methacrylate (monomer), and CIBA epoxy polymer materials established a positive correlation with Microtox system. Hence, the Microtox system gives adequate evidence as an alternative in vitro method to evaluate the toxicity of biomaterials and medical devices
Chemoprotective effect of Sobatum against cyclophosphamide toxicity in mice
No full textThe partially purified component of Solanum trilobatum named as Sobatum was found to be cytotoxic in Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascites (EA) and tissue cultured cells. It significantly inhibited the peritoneal and solid tumours induced by DLA and EA tomour cells along with the chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. Sobatum did not produce any chromosomal anomalies in the bone marrow cells of Swiss mice. In the present study, we have evaluated the chemoprotective effect of Sobatum on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in mice. The results showed that the co-administration of Sobatum increase the total leucocyte count, haemoglobin level, average life span of animals; we, concluded that Sobatum has chemoprotective action on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity
Mandatory biological testing of Spictra Cardiotomy Reservoir.
No full textDisposable rigid Spictra Cardiotomy Reservoir is one of the units used in the extracorporeal techniques during open-heart surgery. It was designed, developed, and tested by different groups of our Institute as an indigenous product to offset the prohibitive cost of the imported one. The finished device was subjected to mandatory biological tests, such as pyrogen (in vivo rabbits and in vitro Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test) and sterility tests. It can be concluded from the case study that the device deemed to have passed the test for apyrogenicity and sterility
Effect of Sobatum on tumour development and chemically induced carcinogenesis
No full textThe partially purified component of Solanum trilobatum named Sobatum was obtained from the petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (75:25) extractable portion. It was found to be cytotoxic in Dalton's Lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascites (EA) cell lines and tissue culture cells (L929 and Vero). Sobatum significantly inhibited peritoneal rumours induced by DLA and EA tumour cells. Sobatum was also found to reduce solid tumour growth in mice, when given either simultaneously or prophylactically, and is more active in simultaneous administration (EA). It was found that Sobatum was more active against EA cells-induced solid tumour than DLA-induced solid rumours. On exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), about 85.67% animals had induced skin carcinogenesis, which was significantly inhibited to 44.4% by the application of Sobatum. It can be concluded that the Sobatum has the ability to retard the development of solid rumours and DMBA-induced carcinogenesis. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
Effect of bone wax extract on the frequency of bone marrow erythrocyte micronuclei in mice
No full textThe present study evaluated the induction of micronuclear potency of indigenously developed bone wax saline extract. The experiment was designed with 2 batches, each consisting of 8 groups with 3 male Swiss albino mice each. In each batch, the first 3 groups received Chitra's bone wax saline extract and the second 3 groups received Johnson & Johnson bone wax saline extract at 12.5, 25.0 or 50.0 ml/kg body weight ip for 2 d. The remaining 2 groups were vehicle (saline) and positive (cyclophosphamide) controls. Animals were sacrificed 24 and 36 h after the second dosing and bone marrow smears were prepared and evaluated for micronuclei. The Chitra's and Johnson & Johnson's bone wax extracts failed to induce micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice
Cytogenetic Evaluation of the Physiological Saline Extract of a Newly Developed Dental Material "ORMO-48".
No full textThe ORMO-48 is a new indigenous material for dental applications, developed by the Dental Products Laboratory of our Institute. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of an indigenously developed dental material in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic effect was evaluated by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. Two grams of dental material was extracted in 10.0 ml of physiological saline at 70�C for 24 h. The extract was cooled to room temperature and was used for the experiment. The experimental designed had three groups each (six mice in each group) for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The first, second, and third groups were given a single exposure of physiological saline alone (control), dental material's extract (test), and cyclophosphamide (positive control) respectively for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The result of the study indicated that, the percentage of micronucleated PCE (polychromatic erythrocytes) and NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes) induced by the dental material (extract) treated group was well comparable with control group, whereas the positive control induced significantly high (P < 0.001) micronucleated PCE when compared to control. The PCE and NCE ratio of the dental material extract treated group was similar to that of control group. The chromosomal anomalies such as chromatid/chromosomal breaks, centric rings, exchanges, dicentric, and acentric fragments were evaluated. The result showed that the anomalies of the dental material extract treated group were similar to control group, however, significant anomalies were observed in the cyclophosphamide treated group. Hence, the present study concluded that the indigenously developed biocompatible dental material, ORMO-48 is non genotoxic at our laboratory conditions
THE TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL OF BONE WAX EXTRACT IN RATS
No full textThis study evaluated the teratogenic defects of rat brain, eye, heart, urogenital and skeletal systems after po administration of bone wax saline extract on days 9-13 of gestation. The experiment involved 5 groups of 6 pregnant wistar rats each. The vehicle control group received only 50.0 ml distilled water/kg; 3 test groups received 12.5, 25.0 or 50.0 ml of bone wax saline extract/kg; and the last group received 100 mg caffeine/kg as positive control. On the 21st day of gestation all the animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and fetuses were collected for routine teratological evaluations. There was no significant change in maternal body weight or food consumption and no external, visceral, skeletal and histological abnormalities in the vehicle control and bone wax dosed groups. Abnormalities were observed in the positive control group
Inflammatory response to pyrogens determined by a novel ELISA method using human whole blood
No full textPresence of pyrogens on implants, medical devices, drugs and biological materials compromise on the biosafety and poses a major health hazard in therapeutics. Detection of pyrogenic contamination has so far been done with either in vivo rabbit pyrogen assay or Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) methods, each of which having their distinct advantages and disadvantages. An indigenously developed ELISA method quantifying the pro-inflammatory response triggered by pyrogens on human whole blood is demonstrated for its versatility to detect the pyrogenic response to gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, chemical and biological pyrogens. The method was used to test and quantitate the pyrogen levels in polymeric biomaterials. Unlike the existing pyrogen test procedures, this assay is adapted to detect all pyrogens, besides yielding faster, sensitive and quantifiable data, thereby reduce/replace animal experimentation. The method also provided insight into the possible correlation between variable blood profile among individuals and their role in determining inflammatory response to different pyrogenic stimuli. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SKIN SENSITIZATION STUDY OF A NEW BIS-GMA BASED DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIAL
No full textOne of the criteria for the Dental Restorative Material is to not to evoke sensitization reaction when used clinically. The newly synthesized BIS-GMA based Chitra's Dental Material intended for such application was tested for skin sensitization as per the international protocol of test i.e. skin Maximization test in G.Pig. Result of this test showed conclusively that the material is devoid of sensitization potential and fit for clinical application
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