37 research outputs found
Exacum laxiflorum Geethakumary, Deepu, Kissling & Pandurangan A. Habit 2022, comb. et stat. nov.
No full textExacum laxiflorum (Gamble) Geethakumary, Deepu, Kissling & Pandurangan, comb. et stat. nov. Exacum courtallense var. laxiflorum Gamble (1923: 873). Type:— INDIA. Travancore, 1873, Beddome s.n. (lectotype MH [barcode MH00002366], designated by Henry & Swaminathan (1983: 458); isolectotype K [barcode K000759944]). Exacum courtallense var. boneccordense M. Mohanan in M. Mohanan & A.N. Henry (1994: 305, as “ boneccordensis ”). Type:— INDIA. Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district, Bonacaud, s. d., M. Mohanan 63225 (holotype CAL n.v.; isotype MH n.v.). Herbs, 15–152 cm tall. Stems much branched, terete at the base, sharply 4-angular above, young branches 4-lineolate, internodes 10–95 mm. Leaves opposite, subsessile, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 15–88 × 5–20 mm, chartaceous, glabrous, green, base attenuate, petiolate, apex long acuminate, 3–veined (midvein with one secondary vein on each side), tips recurved, veins diverging from the base of the lamina reaching to the apex prominent. Inflorescence terminal or axillary dichasial lax cymes, rarely solitary from terminal axis; peduncles 15–55 mm long; pedicels 6–25 mm long, enlarging in fruit (10–30 mm), bent towards one side. Calyx 5-lobed; tube campanulate, 2–3 mm long; lobes 5–7 mm long acuminate at apex, winged; wings 2–3 mm broad, wings narrowing at the apex, abruptly narrowing to base, accrescent in fruit, with prominent veins. Corolla tube 3-4 mm long, green; lobes 5, broadly obovate-oblong, 8–11 × 5–12 mm, subacute at apex, long persistent in fruit with prominent nerves but eventually deciduous, blue towards purplish. Stamens 5, 6.5–9.5 mm long; filaments ca. 4 mm long, attached at distal portion of the corolla tube; anthers bottle-shaped with long narrow neck, 5–5.5 mm long, slightly curved with the convex back face, base cordate, opening by apical pores that later widen to slits to the base, without papilla. Ovary ellipsoid, ca. 4mm long; style 9–10 mm long, curved, persistent; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, 6–9 × 3–4 mm, dehiscing septicidally, 2-valved; style persistent. Seeds many, irregularly rhomboid, angular, with shallowly sunken sides (Fig. 2). Note:—We searched for the type specimens of Exacum courtallense var. boneccordense in both CAL and MH, and we were unable to locate them. However, for this study, specimens collected from the type locality matching the drawing in the protologue were used for logical conclusions. Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting were observed from July to December. Chromosome number:—2n=68 (Mallikarjuna et al. 1987) Distribution and Habitat:—Occurs in the evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This species has a wider distribution than E. courtallense and is recorded from many districts in Kerala. Conservation status: —Based on the information from field surveys and herbarium data, the species is known from 13 subpopulations. Some of these subpopulations are under stress due to a decline in the quality of habitat. The species is annual, and it is observed to have undergone a reduction of over 50% over a period of 10 years due to a decline in area of occupancy (AOO) and quality of habitat, as evident by the fact that some subpopulations seen in the past are currently not present. Some subpopulations occur along the trek paths and wall cuttings along the roads, which are subjected to annual clearing, posing a threat to these subpopulations. Based on the available population information, the AOO of the species is not expected to be greater than 500 km 2. Given the species has a low AOO, suffered population decline over the past, and the continuing threat due to the decline in habitat quality, the species is assessed as Endangered [EN A2ac; B2b(ii, iv, v)]. Specimens examined:— INDIA. Kerala, Ernakulam District, Bhoothathankettu, 22September2012, Geethakumary 70936 (TBGT). Idukki District, Kulamavu, 7 July 1984, C.N. Mohanan 82012 (MH); Thiruvananthapuram District, Travancore hills, 26 December 1821, R. H. Beddome s.n. (MH); Travancore, 1873, R. H. Beddome s.n. (MH); Neyyar Dam, K. Rajappan, s.n. (UCT); Forest near Bonaccord, 500 m, 1 October 1973, J. Joseph 44484 (MH); Bonaccord, 600 m, 22 March 1978, M. Mohanan 54736 (MH); ibid., + 575 m, 3 August 1978, M. Mohanan 58523 (MH); ibid., 700 m, 18 May 1991, N. Mohanan 10818 (TBGT); ibid., 30 October 1992, E S Santhoshkumar & M. A. Jabbar 14727 (TBGT); ibid., ± 600 m, Geethakumary 53681 (TBGT); ibid., 11 December 2014, Geethakumary 80885 (TBGT); ibid., + 700m, 11 December 2014, Geethakumary 80885 (TBGT); ibid., 12 August 2011, Geethakumary 67929 (TBGT); ibid., 16 November 2011, Geethakumary 69883 (TBGT); Athirumala, 11 December 2014, Geethakumary 80887 (TBGT); ibid., 1100 m, 12 October 1988, N. Mohanan 4215 (CALI, TBGT); Meenmutty, 500 m, 6 November 1990, N. Mohanan 10147 (TBGT); Chemunji, 900 m, 5 February 1991, N. Mohanan 10325 (TBGT); Karamanayar, 700 m, 30 July 1991, N. Mohanan 10704 (TBGT); Near Karamana River, 660 m, 26 September 1995, C.S. K. & S. A. K. 24359 (TBGT); near Karamanayar, s.d., Geethakumary 63693 (TBGT); Agasthiyamala MPCA, 27 April 1994, N. Mohanan & T. Shaju 2055 (TBGT); Cement cana, 800 m, 14 August 2001, NWFP team 46630 (TBGT); Way to Koviltherimala, 16 November 2011, Geethakumary 69884 (TBGT); ibid., Geethakumary 69886 (TBGT); Chemunji, 16 November 2011, Geethakumary 69888 (TBGT). TAMILNADU: Kanyakumari District, Way to Muthukuzhivayal, ± 1000 m, 31 August 1976, A.N. Henry 48174 (MH); Thovazha hill, s.d., Narayana Iyer s.n. (TBGT); Tirunelveli District, Mahendragiri, 18 September 1916, s.coll. 13249 (MH).Published as part of Geethakumary, M. P., Deepu, S., Kissling, J. & Pandurangan, A. G., 2022, Revisiting the taxonomy of Exacum courtallense (Gentianaceae) and recognizing E. courtallense var. laxiflorum at the species rank, pp. 185-192 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on page 190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/702160
Natural image matting with non-negative matrix factorization
No full textThis report summaries the work done by the author on his Final Year Project at
Nanyang Technological University (NTU) under Associate Professor Deepu Rajan.
The author was involved in implementing an effective way to realize image matting
using Non – Negative Matrix Factorization.
The report provides an overview of the project. It aims to provide the reader an
insight into the author’s role in the development of the matting algorithm. The report
explains the salient features of matting, Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and how
the entire development process was done. The report summarizes the results found
and compares the obtained results with other known algorithms with the use of
images.
It also highlights the domain knowledge, skills gained to accomplish these tasks and
the challenges faced in the process and how they were overcome. The technical
knowledge gained at NTU, was utilized in various ways to fulfill the requirements of
the project.Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering
Distinguishing amateur and professional photographs
No full textPhotography is the art of capturing and handling images. There are many ways to define the aesthetics in photography. The act of quantifying these aesthetic properties directly to distinguish photographs taken by amateur and professional photographers is almost impossible. This is because there is no general consensus. As such, it is beneficial to develop an algorithm that can differentiate the photographs.
In today’s technological advanced society, there are several researches done by computer scientist and engineers specialised in the field of image processing to learn aesthetic properties of the photographs. The properties are changed into computable image features for classification of photographs.
The project requires the author to understand and implement one of the research papers. The author furthers his reach by deriving new features he discovered upon learning more about photography. This allowed him to improve on the classification accuracy.
In this report, the author explains the various aesthetic appeals of photographs that are used for photograph classifications. The concept of computer vision and image processing to use to extract these aesthetic properties in order to convert into computable data and the concept of machine learning to train a model which is used to differentiate photographs are studied in order to fulfil this project’s requirement.
To determine the feasibility of the improved design, an application is implemented on MATLAB platform. It automatically takes in thousands of already classified photographs taken by professional and amateur photographer as training datasets and another set of randomly chosen picture as testing datasets. The program, once executed, allows the author to differentiate the photographs. The main features, design methodology and test specification of the application are discussed in this report.
Performances analysis of the implemented application is noted. The author also identified further areas that can be enhanced.Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering
Studies on Evaluation of Suitability of Mango Varieties Sindura, Mallika and Totapuri for Processing into Canned Products and Development of Blended Ready to Serve Beverages
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
A reconfigurable wideband and multiband antenna using dual-patch elements for compact wireless devices
Full text linkThis is the post-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 IEEEA reconfigurable wideband and multiband C-Slot patch antenna with dual-patch elements is proposed and studied. It occupies a compact volume of 50 × 50 × 1.57 (3925 mm3), including the ground plane. The antenna can operate in two dual-band modes and a wideband mode from 5 to 7 GHz. Two parallel C-Slots on the patch elements are employed to perturb the surface current paths for excitation of the dual-band and the wideband modes. Two switches, implemented using PIN diodes, are placed on the connecting lines of a simple feed network to the patch elements. Dual-band modes are achieved by switching “ON” either one of the two patch elements, while the wideband mode with an impedance bandwidth of 33.52% is obtained by switching “ON” both patch elements. The frequencies in the dual-band modes can be independently controlled using positions and dimensions of the C-Slots without affecting the wideband mode. The advantage of the proposed antenna is that two dual-band operations and one wideband operation can be achieved using the same dimensions. This overcomes the need for increasing the surface area normally incurred when designing wideband patch antennas. Simulation results are validated experimentally through prototypes. The measured radiation patterns and peak gains show stable responses and are in good agreements. Coupling between the two patch elements plays a major role for achieving the wide bandwidth and the effects of mutual coupling between the patch elements are also studied
Dielectric response of high permittivity polymer ceramic composite with low loss tangent
No full textCompact Uniplanar Antenna for Multiband Applications
No full textA dual band RFID applications in 800 900
MHz and 2400 MHz band is presented. The
Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna
consists of inverted L shaped monopole with a
capacitive loading to provide necessary impedance
matching and current distribution. The antenna has
wide bandwidth from 790 MHz tol050 MHz and
from 2350 MHz to 2640 MHz coving the RFID UHF
and Microwave frequencies. The uniplanar antenna
having overall dimensions of 48 mm x 14 mm is
printed on one side of a substrate of dielectric
constant 4.4 and height 1.6 mm.Cochin
University of Science and TechnologyRecent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, 2008. MICROWAVE 2008. International Conference o
