98 research outputs found
3. Guru Granth Sahib
No full textFor day to day guidance, Sikhs turn to the Guru Granth Sahib. Does the guidance provided by the Guru Granth Sahib have the same relationship to Guru Nanak and his successors as a guidebook has to its author, or is the Granth a guide in some other, non-comparable way? Sikhs believe that the Guru Granth Sahib is the last of the Gurus in the line from Guru Nanak. ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ looks at how the sacred volume is venerated by Sikhs as uniquely authoritative and how it is seen as central to their lives. What is the message of the Guru Granth Sahib? How were the scriptures compiled? What do Sikhs read from the scriptures?</p
Remmal Khoja. Chronicle «Tarikh-i Sahib Geray Khan» («History about Sahib Geray Khan»). Part 4.
No full textTo the attention of the readers is offered the translation into Russian of the fragments from the chronicle «Tarikh-i Sahib Geray Khan» (XVI c.). The beginning and continuation of the work were published in the previous issues [№ 1(10) and № 2(11) for 2018, № 1(12) for 2019] of the journal «Crimean Historical Review». The chronicle’s author was a prominent scholar, a court astrologer at the court of Sahib Geray Khan, Kaysuni-zade Mehmed Nidai, well known under the pen-name Remmal Khoja.
Along with the factual component of the chronicle, the artistic specifics are also important. In comparison with the other works of historiography orientation, this work most clearly demonstrates the power of an artistic word, its aesthetic potential. The work is written in panegyric form, the author praises the heroic deeds during the Khanate of Sahib Geray. In the chronicle are also revealed the traditions of Ottoman historiography.
The translation was made from the Turkish edition of «Tarih-i Sahib Geray Han (“Histoire de Sahib Giray, Khan de Crimee de 1532 a 1551”, Ankara, 1973) ». The author of the translation tries to correlate the content of the translation with the content of the original, to convey the artistic embodiment of historical events, to preserve the style of the work, to preserve the realities of the language of the Khan’s era if possible. The text will be useful for specialist in history and literature of the Crimean Khanate
Remmal Khoja. Chronicle «Tarikh-i Sahib Geray Khan» («History about Sahib Geray Khan»). Part 5. The end
No full textTo the attention of the readers is offered the translation into Russian of the final fragments from the chronicle «Tarikh-i Sahib Geray Khan» (XVI c.). The chronicle’s author was a prominent scholar, a court astrologer at the court of Sahib Geray Khan, Kaysuni-zade Mehmed Nidai, known under the pen-name Remmal Hoja.
Along with the factual component of the chronicle, the artistic specifics are also important. In comparison with the other works of historiography orientation, this work most clearly demonstrates the power of an artistic word, its aesthetic potential. The work is written in panegyric form, the author praises the heroic deeds during the Khanate of Sahib Geray. The traditions of Ottoman historiography are also revealed in the chronicle.
The translation was made from the Turkish edition of «Tarih-i Sahib Geray Han (“Histoire de Sahib Giray, Khan de Crimee de 1532 a 1551”, Ankara, 1973) ». The author of the translation tries to correlate the content of the translation with the content of the original, to convey the artistic embodiment of historical events, to preserve the style of the work, to preserve the realities of Khan’s era language, if possible. The text will be useful for specialist in the history and the literature of the Crimean Khanate
Solubilization of beclomethasone dipropionate in sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles (SSMs): physicochemical and in vitro evaluations
No full textMohanad Naji Sahib, Shaymaa Abdalwahed Abdulameer, Yusrida Darwis, Kok Khiang Peh, Yvonne Tze Fung TanSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaBackground: The local treatment of lung disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via pulmonary drug delivery offers many advantages over oral or intravenous routes of administration. This is because direct deposition of a drug at the diseased site increases local drug concentrations, which improves the pulmonary receptor occupancy and reduces the overall dose required, therefore reducing the side effects that result from high drug doses. From a clinical point of view, although jet nebulizers have been used for aerosol delivery of water-soluble compounds and micronized suspensions, their use with hydrophobic drugs has been inadequate.Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles (SSMs) loaded with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as a carrier for pulmonary delivery.Methods: 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 5000) polymeric micelles containing BDP (BDP-SSMs) were prepared by the coprecipitation and reconstitution method, and the physicochemical and in vitro characteristics of BDP-SSMs were investigated.Results: BDP-SSMs were successfully prepared with a content uniformity and reproducibility suitable for pulmonary administration. The maximum solubility of BDP in SSMs was approximately 1300 times its actual solubility. The particle size and zeta potential of BDP-SSMs were 19.89 &plusmn; 0.67 nm and -28.03 &plusmn; 2.05 mV, respectively. The SSMs system slowed down the release of BDP and all of the aerodynamic values of the aerosolized rehydrated BDP-SSMs were not only acceptable but indicated a significant level of deposition in the lungs.Conclusion: The SSM system might be an effective way of improving the therapeutic index of nebulized, poorly soluble corticosteroids.Keywords: beclomethasone, PEGylated polymer, aerodynamic, in vitro dissolutio
Psychometric properties and assessment of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale among the general Arabic population
No full textMohanad Naji Sahib Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq Background: Any educational program should be implemented with a good understanding of the population’s beliefs. Therefore, the aims of this study were to validate the Arabic version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-A) and assess the osteoprotective attitude among the Iraqi population. Methods: A cross-sectional design, with a random cluster sampling method from the community, was used. The forward–backward–forward translation method was used to translate the questionnaire from English to Arabic. In addition, the Arabic version of Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT-A) and the Arabic version of Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES-A) were used to assess the osteoprotective behaviors. Results: The results showed good face validity and reliability. The construct validity analysis showed seven factors that explain 72.82% of the variance. In addition, the results revealed a low health belief score (149.95±35.936) with only 36.67% of the study population found to have a high OHBS-A level. The results showed significant differences among employment status, marital status, and osteoporosis (OP) awareness groups in relation to total OHBS-A scores. In addition, there were significant associations between age groups and OP awareness with health belief levels. Moreover, both exercise and calcium intake subscales of the Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT) positively correlated with all OHBS-A subscales. Exercise and calcium intake subscales of Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES) positively correlated with the perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers toward exercise and calcium intake. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that OKT levels, OSES levels, and age were predictors of OHBS-A levels. Conclusion: Besides cultural obstacles, an educational program for both genders and all age groups is important and should be tailored according to culture needs. Keywords: health belief, osteoporosis, osteoprotective behavio
Rehydrated sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for nebulization: physicochemical characterization and in vitro, in vivo evaluations
No full textMohanad Naji Sahib, Yusrida Darwis, Kok Khiang Peh, Shaymaa Abdalwahed Abdulameer, Yvonne Tze Fung TanSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaBackground: Inhaled corticosteroids provide unique systems for local treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the use of poorly soluble drugs for nebulization has been inadequate, and many patients rely on large doses to achieve optimal control of their disease. Theoretically, nanotechnology with a sustained-release formulation may provide a favorable therapeutic index. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for pulmonary delivery via nebulization.Methods: PEG5000-DSPE polymeric micelles containing budesonide (BUD-SSMs) were prepared by the coprecipitation and reconstitution method, and the physicochemical and pharmacodynamic characteristics of BUD-SSMs were investigated.Results: The optimal concentration of solubilized budesonide at 5 mM PEG5000-DSPE was 605.71 &plusmn; 6.38 &micro;g/mL, with a single-sized peak population determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and a particle size distribution of 21.51 &plusmn; 1.5 nm. The zeta potential of BUD-SSMs was -28.43 &plusmn; 1.98 mV. The percent entrapment efficiency, percent yield, and percent drug loading of the lyophilized formulations were 100.13% &plusmn; 1.09%, 97.98% &plusmn; 1.95%, and 2.01% &plusmn; 0.02%, respectively. Budesonide was found to be amorphous by differential scanning calorimetry, and had no chemical interaction with PEGylated polymer according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopic images of BUD-SSMs revealed spherical nanoparticles. BUD-SSMs exhibited prolonged dissolution behavior compared with Pulmicort Respules&reg; (P , 0.05). Aerodynamic characteristics indicated significantly higher deposition in the lungs compared with Pulmicort Respules&reg;. The mass median aerodynamic, geometric standard deviation, percent emitted dose, and the fine particle fraction were 2.83 &plusmn; 0.08 &micro;m, 2.33 &plusmn; 0.04 &micro;m, 59.13% &plusmn; 0.19%, and 52.31% &plusmn; 0.25%, respectively. Intratracheal administration of BUD-SSMs 23 hours before challenge (1 mg/kg) in an asthmatic/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rat model led to a significant reduction in inflammatory cell counts (76.94 &plusmn; 5.11) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with administration of Pulmicort Respules&reg; (25.06 &plusmn; 6.91).Conclusion: The BUD-SSMs system might be advantageous for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other inflammatory airway diseases.Keywords: micelles, PEGylated polymer, aerodynamics, pharmacodynamic
SCIENTIFIC VISION IN SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB & INTERFAITH DIALOGUE
No full textReligion and Science represent two great systems of human thought. Both of these seek objective perceptions in their attempts to comprehend existence and reality. The fundamental distinction lies in
the direction in which they look in pursuit of their aims. In both cases, a subtle interplay between theory and observation is involved. Both approaches are intellectual as well as empirical. Professor Hardev Singh Virk’s book titled ‘Scientific Vision in Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Interfaith Dialogue’ offers an exciting bridge between religious studies and natural sciences. He has made a splendid in-depth study of Sikhism and its relationship with science.
The book contains 12 Chapters. In the Prologue, the author traces a brief history of the kindling of his interest in Cosmology. Then he articulates the purpose of the book to show glimpses of Scientific Vision in Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) by interpreting its text in the light of scientific theories.
Prof. Virk stresses that Interfaith dialogue is the need of the hour for the promotion of world peace. He points out that the twenty-first century will be a witness to two types of dialogues for the promotion
of world peace and harmony: (i) ScienceReligion dialogue, and (ii) inter-faith dialogue. The author has a strong faith and conviction that SGGS has the potential to play a leading role in both these dialogues
CONTENT VARIATIONS OF CARBAMAZEPINE TABLETS IN IRAQI COMMUNITY PHARMACIES: APPLICATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAY METHOD
No full text Objective: There is paucity in the literature and documentation regarding the post-marketing product quality in Iraq and Middle East countries in general. Therefore, a simple reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of carbamazepine (CMZ) content in post-marketed tablet dosage form.Methods: The RP-HPLC analysis was run at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with a mixture of methanol: water (70:30) mobile phase using a Thermo Synchronise C18 column at a UV detection wavelength of 230 nm. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), solution stability, and robustness.Results: The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 1–20 μg/ml (r2=0.9999) with LOD and LOQ of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/ml, respectively. The intraday and interday precision and accuracy were between 0.04–1.67% and 0.04–0.78%, respectively. The results of analysis of the four brands of CMZ tablets were passed the European Pharmacopoeia specification but with a high standard deviation of mean drug content of some brands.Conclusion: This study shows that the quality of post-marketed drugs and/or the storage conditions in developing countries must be carefully assessed for a better therapeutic response.</jats:p
Natural Symbolism in Sri Guru Granth Sahib
No full textSymbolism, as a literary device, is widely employed in the scriptures of almost all religions. Understanding the use of symbolism in a scripture enables us to comprehend and appreciate the intended message of the scripture’s author in a better way. The poetic compositions of Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) are notable for their richness, and various images and symbols used to tell its authors’ mystical and spiritual experiences. These compositions aptly use natural symbolism to describe humanity’s diverse physical and spiritual needs and suggest innovative ways to tackle these issues. As SGGS’s message is addressed to the ordinary person, the symbolism used to depict various facets and aspirations of human life has been taken from nature and Indian culture. This article reports on the usage of natural symbolism in SGGS
TANBIH AS-SAHIB ALA AHKAM AL-MAKASIB AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
No full textIslam views life as complete package, economic aspect being an important part of it. The most sensible area of economic system in Islam is rule of earning and expenditure. It was reported by Abu-Hurairah (R.A) that the prophet (SAW) said: “A time will come when people would not bother for their earning; it is Halal or Haram” (Bukhari: vol. 2, No .2056). The book titled Tanbih as-Sahib ala Ahkam al-Makasib (Alerting the Brother for the rules of Earning) by late Sultan Muhammad Bello through much light on the Islamic rules of earning and expenditure. The present paper analyzed the relevance of this important book to the areas of earning, expenditure and economic development, from the Islamic perspective. The author’s historical and educational background, as noted under the brief history of the author, points to the author’s ability to address economic issues in general earning and expenditure in particular.
Islam memandang hidup sebagai paket yang lengkap, aspek ekonomi menjadi bagian penting darinya. Bidang sistem ekonomi yang paling masuk akal dalam Islam adalah aturan pendapatan dan pengeluaran yang makalah ini menyoroti dari Tanbih As-Sahib Ala Ahkam Al-Makasib. Karya ini mencoba menyoroti ajaran dasar Tanbih as-Sahib ala Ahkam al-Makasib (Memperingatkan Saudara tentang Aturan Penghasilan) oleh mendiang Sultan Muhammad Bello melalui banyak penjelasan tentang aturan Islam tentang penghasilan dan pengeluaran. Makalah ini menganalisis relevansi buku penting ini dengan bidang pendapatan, pengeluaran dan pembangunan ekonomi, dari perspektif Islam. Makalah ini juga menjelaskan kehidupan dan waktu penulis, dengan demikian menunjukkan kemampuan penulis untuk mengatasi masalah ekonomi dalam pendapatan dan pengeluaran umum pada khususnya dan relevansinya dengan Nigeria modern. Untuk mendapatkan data untuk makalah ini, desk review diadopsi sebagai metodologi pengumpulan data untuk penelitian ini
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