168,755 research outputs found
Arsenic removal from household drinking water by biochar and biochar composites: A focus on scale-up
No full textArsenic (As) is a metalloid present in environmental matrixes worldwide. Arsenic concentrations vary in natural waters and depend on local factors such as geology, hydrology, and geochemical characteristics of the aquifer (Akter et al., 2005). The WHO recommends a maximum arsenic concentration 10μg L 1 for drinking water or less, but natural groundwater concentrations of >10μg L 1 have been reported in over 120 countries, with the highest concentrations in Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Hungary, India, Mexico, Nepal, Romania, Taiwan, Vietnam, and USA. The occurrence, distribution, and origin of As in water have received a lot of attention in the last two decades, including comprehensive books and papers.Fil: Alchouron, Jacinta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Botánica General; ArgentinaFil: Bursztyn Fuentes, Amalia Lara. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica; ArgentinaFil: Musser, Abigail. Mississippi State University; Estados UnidosFil: Vega, Andrea Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Botánica General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mohan, Dinesh. Jawaharlal Nehru University; IndiaFil: Pittman, C. U.. Mississippi State University; Estados UnidosFil: Mlsna, T. E.. Mississippi State University; Estados UnidosFil: Navarathna, C.. Mississippi State University; Estados Unido
Responding to Indo-Pacific rivalry: Australia, India and middle power coalitions
No full textIn this Analysis, Lowy Institute International Security Program Director Rory Medcalf and Nonresident Fellow C. Raja Mohan argue that Chinese assertiveness and uncertainties about America’s role in Indo-Pacific Asia are causing middle powers to look for alternative approaches to regional security. The Analysis argues that enhanced security cooperation between Indo-Pacific middle powers should be extended to the creation of “middle-power coalitions” in the region.
Key findings
China’s assertiveness and uncertainties about America’s response are causing middle powers in Indo-Pacific Asia to looking beyond traditional approaches to security
Cooperation between Indo-Pacific middle power coalitions would build regional resilience against the vagaries of US-China relations
India and Australia are well placed to form the core of middle power coalition buildin
Scaphoideus malaisei Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textScaphoideus malaisei sp. nov. Figs 125–130. Coloration similar to that of sculptus but the transverse bands on pronotum not very distinctive. Face with a series of six transverse brown stripes on upper part. Head triangularly produced in front with bluntly angled apex. Vertex shorter than interocular width. Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal lobe rounded. Subgenital plate triangular, elongate, 4 times as long as broad at base, with four long setae near base, three forming an oblique line. Style with welldeveloped preapical lobe, broad at proximal region, apophysis long, distally narrowed, slightly curved laterally. Connective with stem longer than arms, with a dorsal keel, paraphyses running parallel to each other in proximal half then divergent, in lateral view curved caudodorsally, in distal 0.33, with serrated lateral margin subapically. Aedeagus broad at base, shaft narrowed distally with a pair of denticles at apex in dorsal margin, with ventral and lateral furrows, gonopore subapical, dorsal apodeme as long as shaft in lateral aspect. Measurements: Male 5.50 mm long, 1.37 mm wide across eyes. Material examined: MYANMAR: Holotype ɗ, N.E. BURMA: Kambaiti, 7000 ft,(2123 m), 18.v. 1935, R. Malaise, Brit. Mus., 1935 – 630 (BMNH). Remarks: S. malaisei externally resembles sculptus. It can be readily distinguished from sculptus and other species of Scaphoideus by the structure of the aedeagus.Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16910
Factorization of isometries of hyperbolic 4-space and a discreteness condition:
No full textGilman's NSDC condition is a sufficient condition for the discreteness of a two generator subgroup of PSL(2,C). We address the question of the extension of this condition to subgroups of isometries of hyperbolic 4-space. While making this new construction, namely the NSDS condition, we are led to ask whether every orientation preserving isometry of hyperbolic 4-space can be factored into the product of two half-turns. We use some techniques developed by Wilker to first, define a half-turn suitably in dimension 4 and then answer the former question. It turns out that defining a half-turn in this way in any dimension n enables us to generalize some of Gilman's theorems to dimension greater than or equal to 4. We also give an exposition on part of Wilker's work and give new proofs for some of his results.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53)by Karan Mohan Pur
A new India for a changing Europe : what to expect from India's foreign policy
No full textC. Raja Mohan ; issuing department: Division for International Cooperation, Department for Asia and the Pacifi
Scaphoideus spiculatus Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Scaphoideus spiculatus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 186–192.</p> <p> Coloration similar to that in <i>sculptus</i>. Head narrower than pronotum, triangularly produced obtusely rounded in front. Vertex shorter than inter­ocular width.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>: Pygophore longer than high, caudal lobe rounded distally, ventral margin convex. Subgenital plate triangular, four times as long as width at base, with three long setae at base in an oblique row. Style broad at base, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis narrowed towards apex, laterally strongly curved. Connective with stem longer than arms, with a dorsal keel, paraphyses arising from broad base, divergent caudally, apically narrowed with inner margin serrated near apex. Aedeagus L­shaped, shaft spatulate, ventrally grooved along midline, dorsal apodeme well­developed, platelike, distally bilobed, gonopore subapical.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i>: Male 5.20–5.40 mm long, 1.25–1.27 mm wide across eyes.</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Burma: Mishmi Hills, Dingliang, 2450 ft (743m), 13.iii.1935, M Steel, Brit. Mus. 1935­312 (BMNH). Paratype: 1ɗ, MYAN­ MAR: Upper Burma: Nam Tama Valley, 26.viii.1938, R. Kaulback, B.M. 1938­741, Alt. 3000ft (910m), lat. N 27o 42’, Long. 97o 54’ (BMNH).</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>: Externally <i>spiculatus</i> resembles <i>ornatus</i> but is closer to <i>S. maai</i> Kitbamroong and Freytag from which it differs in having a spatulate aedeagal shaft and a broad platelike dorsal apodeme.</p>Published as part of <i>Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578</i> on pages 39-40, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/169102">10.5281/zenodo.169102</a>
Scaphoideus varna Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textScaphoideus varna sp. nov. Figs 206–212. Vertex yellow with brown angular submarginal band, a median “flying falcon” shaped spot with a median yellow marking. Face chocolatebrown, frontoclypeus laterally yellow. Pronotum, scutellum, basal 0.33 of front wings chocolate brown with dispersed hyaline or white markings (similar to bicoloratus, Fig. 20), posterior margin of this patch of front wing forming a transverse line. One spot behind eye on pronotum, two pairs of lateral marginal spots to scutellum and apex white. Oblique veins on costa of front wing, veins of apical cells, 0.75 of median and inner cell transparent dark fuscous. Pleura chocolate brown except for white spot on meso and metapleura. Head wider than pronotum, conically produced in front. Vertex as long medially as wide between eyes, a median faint ridge separating lateral depressed compartments. Male genitalia: Caudal 0.25 of pygophore dark brown, caudally rounded, ventral margin convex. Subgenital plate slender, elongate, 3.6 times longer than greatest width near base, five stout setae in an oblique row near basal 0.25. Style with welldeveloped preapical lobe, apophysis short with bifid apex. Connective with short arms and long stem; paraphyses slender, longer than connective, apically acuminate. Aedeagus boatshaped, connected to connective by membranous structure, shaft strongly compressed, bladelike, apex attenuated, strongly ventrally curved, dorsal apodeme welldeveloped, gonopore at 0.66 length on ventral margin. Measurements: Male 3.90–4.40 mm long, 1.05–1.12 mm wide across eyes. Material examined: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Bhamo, Birmania, Fea, ix. 1885, 169 (the number on a separate blue coloured label) (MCSG). Paratype: 1 ɗ, data as holotype but without the number label and collected vi. 1885; 1 specimen (sex? abdomen missing) same data but collected on vi. 1986 (MCSG). Remarks: Both S. varna and S. bicolorata sp. nov. resemble each other externally and have very distinctive coloration. They also share the compressed aedeagus and the slender elongate needlelike paraphyses. S. varna does not bear any process on the aedeagal shaft whereas bicolorata has a pair of slender, elongate, apical processes.Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16910
Scaphoideus lamellaris Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Scaphoideus lamellaris</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 118–124.</p> <p> Coloration similar to <i>S. sculptus</i> sp. nov. but anterior submarginal chocolate brown band widened medially.</p> <p>Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex slightly shorter than inter­ocular width.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>; Pygophore longer than high; caudal lobe rounded, ventral margin slightly convex. Subgenital plate triangular, 3.5 times as long as width at base, with apical extension; four elongate setae near base, of which three form an oblique row. Style broad at base, preapical lobe slightly curved, distally narrowed. Connective with stem longer than arms, paraphyses bladelike, of uniform width for most of length, in distal 0.33 narrowed, apices slightly overlapping each other, in lateral aspect curved and strongly narrowed distally especially beyond midlength. Aedeagus compressed laterally, in lateral aspect widest at midlength, pointed distally, with two ventrally directed lamellae, gonopore subapical.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i>: Male 5.10 (approximately) mm long, 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Upper Burma: Nam Tama Valley, 26.viii.1938, R. Kaulback, B.M. 1939–741, 3000 ft (910 m), Lat. N 27o 42’, Long. E 97o 54’ (BMNH).</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>: <i>S. lamellaris</i> externally resembles <i>sculptus,</i> from which it can be readily distinguished by the absence of basal aedeagal processes and by the presence of ventrally directed lamellate aedeagal processes.</p>Published as part of <i>Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578</i> on pages 29-30, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/169102">10.5281/zenodo.169102</a>
Scaphoideus zhangi Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textScaphoideus zhangi sp. nov. Figs 218–227. Coloration like that of S. coloratus and similar to that found in S. hirsutus. Head slightly wider than pronotum, as long as interocular width. Front wing venation as in Fig. 226. Male genitalia: Pygophore rather rectangular, with a small anterior apodeme, caudal margin truncate, produced into spinelike process ventrally, dorsal margin with a long spine like pigmented process at the point of articulation with tenth segment, a few stout, long setae in caudal 0.33 and marginal shorter setae. Subgenital plate triangular, with a lateral submarginal row of long setae and marginal hairlike setae, especially those at caudal end long. Style, pigmented, with a slender long, apophysis with transverse rugae, preapical lobe welldeveloped. Connective Yshaped, pigmented, stem longer than arm. Paraphyses convergent, in ventral view, twisted at apical 0.25, articulated proximally with both aedeagus and connective. Aedeagus tubular, dorsal apodeme welldeveloped, shaft slightly narrowed distally and apex curved anteriorly, gonopore apical. Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum broadly produced medially with a median notch. Measurements: Male 4.5–4.6 mm long, 1.1–1.2 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes. Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Meghalaya: Lunglei, 21.xi. 1981, C.S. Wesley (UAS). Paratype: INDIA: 1 ɗ, Meghalaya, 762 m, 4.xi. 1981, S. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, data as in ɗ but collected by C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, West Bengal: Teesta, 214 m, 28.x. 1981, C.A. Viraktamath (BMNH, UAS). Remarks: Externally S. zhangi resembles S. sabourensis but differs from it in having a longer dorsal spine on the pygophore at the point of articulation with the tenth segment, caudal margin truncate and produced ventrally into a spinelike process, and paraphyses strongly twisted. The new species is named after Dr Zang Yalin, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, in recognition of his good work on Chinese leafhoppers.Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on pages 45-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16910
Scaphoideus sculptus Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textScaphoideus sculptus sp. nov. Figs 176–185. Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura, Melichar 1903: 195, Figs 8 a–c; Distant 1908 b: 372 –373, Fig. 235 [misidentification]. Coloration resembling that of S. coloratus. Head ochraceous, disc of vertex with a marginal arched piceous line and a transverse reddish brown band between anterior angles of eyes; posterior margin of vertex near eyes piceous, four transverse parallel piceous lines on the upper part of face. Pronotum with anterior and submarginal reddish brown transverse bands, lateral areas of anterior band darker. Basal angles of scutellum brown, area between them reddish brown, a transverse band behind impressed line ivory, area posterior to it dark brown. Mesopleura and metapleura with short oblique fuscous line. Head narrower than pronotum, vertex bluntly rounded in front, 1.7 times longer than interocular width. Claval veins approximated at midlength but not fused. Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal end obliquely curved and with tuft of long setae. Subgenital plate triangular with acute apex, an oblique row of four long setae near basal 0.33 length. Connective with stem slender, slightly longer than arms, paraphyses at base inwardly curved with pointed apex, entire surface of paraphyses pustulated. Aedeagus with welldeveloped dorsal apodeme, shaft cylindrical, directed caudally, with a recurved process on either side of base and slightly longer than shaft, gonopore apical. Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum produced medially. Measurements: Male 4.50 mm long and 1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.70 mm long and 1.19 mm wide across eyes. Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Karnataka: Mudigere, 7.iv. 1975, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 1 ɗ, 5 Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v. 1976 and 2 Ψ, on 26.iii. 1977; 2 Ψ, 2.vi. 1978; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v. 1976 by B. Mallik; 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, data as in holotype but collected on 24.vi. 1989 by V.V.Belavadi; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Nagarhole, 17.i. 1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, Kemmangundi, 10.iv. 1975, C.A. Viraktamth; 1 Ψ, Jog Falls, 524 m, at light, 16.xi. 1976, B. Mallik; 1 Ψ, same data collected by C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, Kogur (36 Km W Jog Falls), 18.xi. 1976, B. Mallik. Kerala: 1 ɗ, 6 Ψ, Thekkadi, 26–27.iii. 1977, C.A. Viraktamath (3 Ψ), S. Viraktamath (2 Ψ) and B. Mallik (1 ɗ, 1 Ψ). Tamil Nadu: 1 Ψ, Kodaikanal, v. 1914, T.V.Campbell; 1 Ψ, Valparai, 14.iv. 1981, A.R.V. Kumar (BMNH, NPC, UAS, USNM). SRI LANKA: 1 ɗ, Rakwana, 6.ii. 1953, J.W.S. Pringle, B.M. 1953 175, by sweeping; 1 Ψ, Uva P. Madulsima, 23.v. 1908, T.B.F.; 1 ɗ, 4 Ψ, Peradenyia, collected on different dates during 1904–1914; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on i.05 “ festivus Mats ” (Distant’s handwriting, probably used for description and illustration by Distant, 1908 misidentification of the species); 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 1.x. 1913, by A, Rutherford and misidentified as Scaphoideus festivus Mats. (BMNH). Remarks: S. sculptellus externally resembles sculptus. It also very closely agrees with the female description and illustrations provided by Distant (1908 b) and Melichar (1903) of festivus, suggesting that what these authors had in front of them while describing S. festivus (Matsumura) was either sculptus or sculptellus rather than the species of Matsumura (1902), which is not known to us from the Indian subcontinent.Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16910
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