1,507 research outputs found
Digitally fabricated low cost housing: material, joint and prototype
No full textMotivated by the global housing deficit and limited natural resources, this study aims to utilize
digital fabrication technologies coupled with local sustainable materials in the quest for
alternative, adequate low-cost housing solutions for the less fortunate population, mainly in
developing countries.
The thesis is structured into two main parts: a theoretical and an empirical study. The theoretical
part identifies the research problem and lays the foundation of knowledge, as well as defines the
motivating questions, aim, objectives, scope, methodology and tools used throughout the thesis.
An overview of fundamental concepts of mechanisation, standardisation, prefabrication, mass
housing, and mass customisation is provided. Different types of prefabricated housing are
presented followed by a discussion of select architect-led and industry-led early precedents in
prefabrication. The theoretical part also includes an analysis of state-of-the-art built projects or
prototypes of digitally fabricated houses. Through this analysis, how these prototypes respond to
housing problems is addressed and an observation is made of how these built projects can be
categorised into main streams or different trends. After defining the potentials and limitations of
these precedents, a number of design criteria or design guidelines are proposed forming the basis
for the proposition of a housing system that addresses these drawbacks under the name “Housing
System 01”.
The second part of the thesis is a Design-Build-Evaluate empirical study in which the proposed
housing system combining concepts of complete off-site prefabrication with modular parametric
localised digital fabrication is outlined. Given the necessity of cost reductions, an integral joining
system (snap-fit) using an agricultural residue panel material is tested as the principal method for
the construction of wall assemblies. The study proves that by using integral joints, it is possible to
involve the end-user of the housing unit in the construction activities promoting the concept of
“Self-Build”, as the simplicity of the system allows for the participation of end-users with no
previous construction expertise thereby decreasing cost.
A set of mechanical tests are performed to characterise wheat straw panels and then snap-fit
joints are dimensioned within the elastic limits of this specific material. Three partial wall
assembly prototypes are built. One axial compression test is performed on one of the prototypes.
The tests show that the material and the joint system promise to provide a viable construction
system as an alternative low-cost housing solution. Further optimisation and more physical
structural testing are needed to address more complex forces and loading scenarios
Multi-Scale Seismic Hazard Assessment for Egypt
No full textEgypt is a country with mainly moderate seismicity; it has witnessed strong earthquake impacts along its long history from far-field sources and earthquake impacts from the local. The occurrence of these destructive earthquakes ensures the importance of carrying out a reliable and comprehensive characterization of expected seismic ground shaking, which is essential in order to develop effective seismic mitigation strategies and increase earthquake preparedness for Egypt. So, reliable seismic hazard maps that computed based on correct data and methodology should be prepared for building codes applications; also these maps should be updated when needed.
In the first chapter of this thesis, a review of the existing seismic hazard for Egypt is performed. For the understanding and studying the development of seismic hazard studies for Egypt, we had collected and tested the existing SHA maps, computed at different scales, against the available observations and physical assumptions, data quality, and methodology. Then, we propose some suggestions that could be considered before new seismic hazard maps can be produced and then adopted, for the real benefit of society.
In Chapter 2, an update of seismogenic zones and nodes has been performed, which is needed to perform an updated seismic hazard study for Egyptian territory. We think that the incorporation of seismogenic nodes information side by side with the updated seismogenic zones in the seismic hazard computation may improve performance and usefulness of the resulting maps for the studied region, especially for the sites that have been silent in during the earthquake catalog window show no seismic activity in the catalog so far.
Chapter 3 provides an update for the seismic hazard maps available for Egypt that incorporates recent studies, such as reviewed historical earthquake catalogs, morphostructural zonation data (MZ), revised fault plane solutions and laterally non-varying crustal structure using the neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment (NDSHA) procedure. Also, a sensitivity analysis of different ground motion maps computed adopting different (a) models for the earthquake source process, (b) crustal structure models of the crust and (c) mapmaker’s preconceptions (e.g., different seismotectonic models), is provided.
In Chapter 4, detailed ground motion modeling for the proper characterization of the amplification patterns (site-effects) along three 2D profiles have been accomplished. The expected amplification patterns range between 2 and 5 and occur at a frequency range 1-7Hz based on the location of the site along the profiles, subsurface geometry and the thickness of the sedimentary layer.
In Chapter 5, we provided the seismic input (response spectra and time histories) that can be applied for the proper evaluation of the dynamic performance of the minaret of the Madrasa the Princess Tatar al-Higaziya, which by role will help in proposing a seismic conservation strategy for this valuable structure. A detailed numerical model for the minaret was established, accompanied with installing ambient sensors for calibrating the numerical model.
The careful assessment of the seismic excitation on the historic minaret through conducting the proposed C-MCSI response spectrum and time history analyses predicts severe damage to the minaret: significant lateral displacements at the minaret top and excessive tensile stress concentration, particularly at the geometric transition zone between the squared base and the hexagon shaft, have been developed. Since the minaret is expected to suffer severe damage against the anticipated scenario of earthquake shaking, a vital protection plan is recommended for the minaret to avoid any future damage or collapse
VisionArtech - 5th Honorary Mention
No full textA new building skin has been proposed that addresses the challenge of reducing cooling load and daylight needs of buildings in hot climatic areas. It represents a multi-disciplinary research-based design that links between architecture, biomimicry, and computational design.
Ideas from nature serve as inspiration in designing a porous, folded double façade for an existing building in Cairo, aiming at increasing heat lost by convection in the cavity as well as reducing heat gained by radiation. The folded surface provides self-shading while a network of small perforations provides airflow, allowing the cavity to breathe and remove heated air.
The cooling load and daylight performances of an existing room with a single façade were compared to a flat double façade and to our proposal.
Results show a strong reduction of cooling loads by up to 12%, an increase in daylighting by 24% and a reduction of over-lit space by 53%.
Our proposal improves wellbeing of building occupants, which increases productivity, introduces more advanced construction technologies into the building sector, establishes a sense of belonging to a global community that cares for the Environment and enhances local aesthetic urban quality
sj-png-5-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-5-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
sj-png-2-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-2-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
sj-png-7-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-7-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
sj-png-6-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-6-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
sj-png-4-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-4-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
sj-png-8-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 – Supplemental material for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-8-ppj-10.1177_17504589231186491 for A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia by Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Abdalla Mohamed Osman, Hamza Hosean Balola, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Sitelgeel Hamouda Babiker, Nagwa Ibrahim Ghoneim, Raga Abdelfatah Ebrahim, Maha Abdalla Ali, Amani Abdelgader Mohammed, Ghada Siddig Eshag, Sara Elsadig Mohamed, Farida Rahamtalla Shaaeldein and Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi in Journal of Perioperative Practice</p
Drought and famine relationships in Sudan: policy implications
No full textSudan is one of the few countries where famine still persists. Why? What are the determinants of famine in Sudan? What is the role of drought, especially in the context of economic policy failure and war? Who is affected by famine? What needs to be done to mitigate and prevent famine? These are some of the questions addressed in Drought and Famine Relationships in Sudan: Policy Implications, Research Report 88, by Tesfaye Teklu, Joachim von Braun, and Elsayed Zaki. The research is particularly concerned with quantitatively tracing the drought-production-consumption-nutrition linkages under famine conditions at the household level in order to identify effective means of alleviating and preventing famine.... while famine is often strongly linked to drought, this research finds that even under the severe economic constraints of Sudan, suitable government planning and action can forestall that linkage.Famines Sudan., Droughts Sudan., Food relief Government policy Sudan., Drought relief Government policy Sudan.,
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