6 research outputs found
Spectrum Sharing: Quantifying the Benefits of Different Enforcement Scenarios
No full textRecent studies have forecasted major growth in mobile broadband traffic. Due to the predicted high growth rate of mobile broadband traffic over the coming years (demand), there is a need for more wireless network capacity (supply). One of the major approaches to expand mobile wireless capacity is to add more spectrum to the market by enabling “spectrum sharing”. The FCC has issued many reports indicating that the US is dangerously close to running out of capacity for mobile data, which is why the FCC and the NTIA have been working continually to enable spectrum sharing.
The spectrum usage rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users/licensees come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively.
This dissertation is written on the premise that spectrum sharing will be a major factor in increasing the capacity supply in the near future. The focus of this dissertation is to examine and quantify the benefits of spectrum sharing through different enforcement scenarios.
Enabling spectrum sharing regimes on a non-opportunistic basis means that sharing agreements must be implemented. To have meaning, those agreements must be enforceable. This dissertation will examine the spectrum sharing between government and commercial users and try to generalize some finding, which can be implemented, in different spectrum sharing cases.
This analysis is valuable because it will help regulators/governments prepare for possible future scenarios in addressing the potential capacity crunch. In addition, it can give the incumbents more insight into expected future sharing as well as into how to optimize mitigation of possible harmful interference that may result. It is also of value to commercial users and operators in that they can use the results of this work to make more informed decisions about the economic benefits of different spectrum sharing market and opportunities
Enforcement and Spectrum Sharing: Case Studies of Federal-Commercial Sharing
No full textTo promote economic growth and unleash the potential of wireless broadband, there is a need to introduce more spectrally efficient technologies and spectrum management regimes. That led to an environment where commercial wireless broadband need to share spectrum with the federal and non-federal operations. Implementing sharing regimes on a non-opportunistic basis means that sharing agreements must be implemented. To have meaning, those agreements must be enforceable.\ud
\ud
With the significant exception of license-free wireless systems, commercial wireless services are based on exclusive use. With the policy change facilitating spectrum sharing, it becomes necessary to consider how sharing might take place in practice. Beyond the technical aspects of sharing, that must be resolved lie questions about how usage rights are appropriately determined and enforced. This paper is reasoning about enforcement in a particular spectrum bands (1695-1710 MHz and 3.5 GHz) that are currently being proposed for sharing between commercial services and incumbent spectrum users in the US. We examine three enforcement approaches, exclusion zones, protection zones and pure ex post and consider their implications in terms of cost elements, opportunity cost, and their adaptability
The Cost of Knowing: An Economic Evaluation of Context Acquisition in DSA Systems
No full textMuch of the research in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has focused on the details of the enabling technologies. While this has been quite useful in establishing the technical feasibility of DSA systems, it has missed an important aspect of the overall DSA problem space: in order for operators, regulators and users to be interested in deploying DSA based networks, the expected costs should be in proportion to what the users are realistically willing to pay for services. Consequently, it is important to conduct cost estimates for different DSA approaches in parallel with the technical research.\ud
\ud
In this paper, we will explore how the cost experienced by primary and secondary users can influence their incentives for participation in DSA. To do this, we compare the costs and cost structures of four context awareness approaches from each of them. The costs we will consider are incremental capital costs over a basic software radio using four different context acquisition approaches (sensing, databases, sensor networks, and cooperative sharing). Since DSA is still a relatively new research field, there is a lot of uncertainty associated with incremental cost analyses. As a result, the cost analysis is parameterized to allow for explicit reasoning about the bounds of cost components
Spatio-Temporal Spectrum Modelling: Taxonomy and economic evaluation of context acquisition
No full textMuch of the research in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has focused on opportunistic access in the temporal domain. While this has been quite useful in establishing the technical feasibility of DSA systems, it has missed large sections of the overall DSA problem space. This paper argues that the spatio-temporal operating context of specific environments matters to the selection of the appropriate technology for learning context information. It identifies twelve potential operating environments and compares four context awareness approaches (on-board sensing, databases, sensor network, and cooperative sharing) for these environments. In order for operators, regulators, and users to be interested in deploying DSA based networks, the expected costs should be in proportion to what the users are realistically willing to pay for services. Consequently, it is important to conduct cost analysis for different DSA approaches in parallel with the technical research. Regulators and major stakeholders should pay attention to the operating environment of DSA systems when determining which approaches to context learning to encourage.\ud
\ud
The incremental capital costs; over a basic software radio; have been compared for the four context awareness approaches after an estimation analysis for each cost component. Since DSA is still a relatively new research field, there is a lot of uncertainty associated with incremental cost analyses. As a result, the cost analysis is parameterized to allow for explicit reasoning about the bounds of cost component
Enforcement and Network Capacity in Spectrum Sharing: Quantifying the Benefits of Different Enforcement Scenarios
No full textRecent studies have forecasted major growth in mobile broadband traffic. Due to the predicted high growth rate of mobile broadband traffic over the coming years (demand), there is a need for more wireless network capacity (supply). One of the major approaches to expand mobile wireless capacity is to add more spectrum to the market by enabling “spectrum sharing”. The FCC has issued many reports indicating that the US is dangerously close to running out of capacity for mobile data, which is why the FCC and the NTIA have been working continually to enable spectrum sharing.\ud
\ud
Spectrum sharing has moved from being a radical notion to a principal policy focus in the past decade. Enabling spectrum sharing regimes means that sharing agreements must be implemented. To have meaning, those agreements must be enforceable. The focus of this paper is to determine the relationship between enforcement methodologies and benefits of spectrum sharing through sharing between government and commercial users. Sharing between the government incumbents (i.e. Federal or non-Federal agencies) and commercial wireless broadband operators/users is one of the key forms of spectrum sharing that is recommended by the NTIA, the FCC, and the PCAST report. To address this problem, we build a model to quantitatively examine the relationships between different enforcement scenarios and sharing benefits. We model two case studies, 1695-1710 MHz band and 3550-3650 MHz band
Enforcement in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems
No full textThe spectrum access rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively and dynamically. A key element of any framework for managing harmful interference is the mechanism for enforcement of those rights. Since the rights to use spectrum and to protection from harmful interference vary by band (licensed/unlicensed, legacy/newly reformed) and type of use/users (primary/secondary, overlay/underlay), it is reasonable to expect that the enforcement mechanisms may need to vary as well.\ud
\ud
In this paper, we present a taxonomy for evaluating alternative mechanisms for enforcing interference protection for spectrum usage rights, with special attention to the potential changes that may be expected from wider deployment of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems. Our exploration of how the design of the enforcement regime interacts with and influences the incentives of radio operators under different rights regimes and market scenarios is intended to assist in refining thinking about appropriate access rights regimes and how best to incentivize investment and growth in more efficient and valuable uses of the radio frequency spectrum
