4 research outputs found
Drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy: A review
No full textDrug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy is a challenge in epilepsy surgery because it is the second most common epilepsy type after temporal lobe epilepsy. Additionally, the frontal lobe is the largest brain lobe, making the localization of epileptic foci difficult, thereby preventing necessary surgery and improving seizure control. This review discusses the epidemiology and aetiology of drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy, demonstrating that cortical developmental manifestations constitute the most common aetiology of epileptic focus. Additionally, we reviewed the anatomy and symptoms of frontal lobe seizures. The review discusses advances in the neurophysiological study, including magnetoencephalography and neuroimaging modalities, such as quantitative PET scans and 7T MRI, for lesion detection and outcome improvement in frontal lobe epilepsy surgery. Although 7T MRI is unavailable in many epilepsy centres, the imaging modality can increase the rate of lesion detection, particularly when its findings are confirmed using depth electrode implantation, along with the utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning in interpreting the morphometric analysis of MRI and nuclear imaging
COVID-19-induced encephalitis: a case report of a rare presentation with a prolonged electroencephalogram
No full textEncephalitis is one of the rare complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be missed and confused with other causes of encephalitis. There was a 36-year-old male known to have glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, who was brought to the emergency department with fever and confusion of one-week duration. Altered mental status work-up, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, was done and turned out to be nondiagnostic. Multiple prolonged video-electroencephalographic recordings were done and showed different abnormalities suggestive of encephalitis. The diagnosis of COVID-19-induced encephalitis was made by exclusion of other encephalitis-related etiologies in the presence of a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and treatment was initiated accordingly. Over a period of three weeks, the patient showed progressive improvement and was discharged home with regular follow-up in the neurology clinic. Upon follow-up in the clinic, the patient was fully independent but with multiple abnormal electroencephalographic recordings showing generalized encephalopathy with no epileptic discharges
COVID-19-induced encephalitis: a case report of a rare presentation with a prolonged electroencephalogram
No full textEncephalitis is one of the rare complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be missed and confused with other causes of encephalitis. There was a 36-year-old male known to have glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, who was brought to the emergency department with fever and confusion of one-week duration. Altered mental status work-up, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, was done and turned out to be nondiagnostic. Multiple prolonged video-electroencephalographic recordings were done and showed different abnormalities suggestive of encephalitis. The diagnosis of COVID-19-induced encephalitis was made by exclusion of other encephalitis-related etiologies in the presence of a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and treatment was initiated accordingly. Over a period of three weeks, the patient showed progressive improvement and was discharged home with regular follow-up in the neurology clinic. Upon follow-up in the clinic, the patient was fully independent but with multiple abnormal electroencephalographic recordings showing generalized encephalopathy with no epileptic discharges
Successful treatment of belly dancer’s dyskinesia with levetiracetam
Get PDFBelly Dancer’s Dyskinesia is an extremely rare hyperkinetic movement disorder. It is a form of axial myoclonus which affects the diaphragm and abdominal muscle, causing pain and discomfort. It is characterized by brief, repetitive contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, which can be suppressed with deep respiration. Diagnosis is mainly made by clinical examination, but can be challenging, and treatment can be difficult. Here we report a case of Belly Dancer’s Dyskinesia which was successfully treated with Levetiracetam
