82 research outputs found
Choice of Performance Measures and Performance of Textile Sector in Bangladesh
No full textThis study seeks out to establish the influence of quality as well as performance-based manufacturing strategy, diverse in performance measures, firm’s size, their interrelationship, and joint effects with the subjective measures on textile firm’s performance. Financial, objective, subjective, and non-financial measures have been taken into consideration. Bangladesh needs competitive strategies and measures to meet the challenges & opportunities for creating a sustainable position in the global market. Performance measures have been taken by the textile industries of Bangladesh to improve the performance. The influence of those measures is not always improving the performance as found in the earlier study. Responses from mid-level managers of 30 textile industries in Bangladesh have been taken into consideration using survey method using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, regression and correlation analysis. The result shows extensive use of measures and only subjective measures do not increase the performance of the industry, but customer-oriented measures, sustainability measures, manufacturing quality strategy with firm size increase the performance of the textile sectors. The study will open the scope of further exploration in the performance of the textile sector of Bangladesh.
JEL Classification Code: G 2
Farmers’ Participatory Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Method Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emission and Improves Water Productivity and Paddy Yield in Bangladesh
No full textIn dry season paddy farming, the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has the potential to improve water productivity and paddy production and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG), such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), emissions when compared to continuous flooding (CF). Participatory on-farm trials were conducted from November 2017 to April 2018 in the Feni and Chattogram districts of Bangladesh. Total 62 farmers at Feni and 43 at Chattogram district, each location has 10 hectares of land involved in this study. We compared irrigation water and cost reductions, paddy yield, and CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields irrigated under AWD and CF irrigation methods. The mean results of randomly selected 30 farmers from each location showed that relative to the CF irrigation method, the AWD method reduced seasonal CH4 emissions by 47% per hectare and CH4 emission factor by 88% per hectare per day. Moreover, the AWD decreased the overall global warming potential and the intensity of GHG by 41%. At the same time, no noticeable difference in N2O emission between the two methods was observed. On the other hand, AWD method increased paddy productivity by 3% while reducing irrigation water consumption by 27% and associated costs by 24%. Ultimately it improved water productivity by 32% over the CF method
Farmers’ participatory evaluation of alternate wetting and drying irrigation method on the greenhouse gas emission, water productivity and paddy yield in Bangladesh
No full textIn dry season paddy farming, the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation improves water productivity, paddy production, and has the potential to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions when compared to continuous flooding (CF). However, there is a lack of research in Bangladesh on the effects of water management on CH4 and N2O emissions. During November 2017andndash;April 2018, participatory on-farm trials were conducted at Feni and Chattogram districts of Bangladesh. Total 105 farmers comprising 20-hectare of land (62 farmers at Feni and 43 farmers at Chattogram district, each location having 10 hectare of land). We compared irrigation water and cost reductions, paddy yield, and CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields irrigated using AWD and CF irrigation methods. The CH4 and N2O emissions were determined using the Cool Farm Beta-3 methodology, and the global warming potential (GWP) was estimated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-2014 standard approach. The mean results of randomly selected 30 farmers from two locations (15 of each) showed that AWD remarkably decreased irrigation water consumption by about 24% and increased water productivity by 224%. We estimated 23% savings for irrigation costs in AWD. By this time, AWD improved paddy production by 3% over CF. The AWD irrigation resulted in a 47% reduction in cumulative CH4 emissions having a lower CH4 emission factor (0.74 kg ha-1 day-1) than CF (1.39 kg ha-1 day-1). There was no obvious difference in N2O emission between AWD and CF. When compared to CF, AWD decreased the overall GWP by 27% and lowered the GHG intensity by 42%. The CH4 and N2O emissions did not differ substantially between Feni and Chattogram
Farmers' participatory alternate wetting and drying irrigation method reduces greenhouse gas emission and improves water productivity and paddy yield in Bangladesh
No full textIn dry season paddy farming, the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has the potential to improve water productivity and paddy production and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG), such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), emissions when compared to continuous flooding (CF). Participatory on-farm trials were conducted from November 2017 to April 2018 in the Feni and Chattogram districts of Bangladesh. Total 62 farmers at Feni and 43 at Chattogram district, each location has 10 hectares of land involved in this study. We compared irrigation water and cost reductions, paddy yield, and CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields irrigated under AWD and CF irrigation methods. The mean results of randomly selected 30 farmers from each location showed that relative to the CF irrigation method, the AWD method reduced seasonal CH4 emissions by 47% per hectare and CH4 emission factor by 88% per hectare per day. Moreover, the AWD decreased the overall global warming potential and the intensity of GHG by 41%. At the same time, no noticeable difference in N2O emission between the two methods was observed. On the other hand, AWD method increased paddy productivity by 3% while reducing irrigation water consumption by 27% and associated costs by 24%. Ultimately it improved water productivity by 32% over the CF method
Performance of Boro rice to weeding regimes and crop residues under strip tillage system
No full textOne disadvantage of conservation tillage is increase in weed pressure (Hossain et al, 2014). Weed control in conservation tillage is dependent on the use of herbicides, but other cultural options may help in reducing weed infestations. There is limited knowledge about effective weed control under conservation tillage in intensive rice based cropping systems in Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of herbicides and hand weeding with or without residues on weed control in ric
TEAR AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF 100% COTTON WOVEN FABRICS’ BASIC STRUCTURES: REGRESSION MODELLING
No full textThis research paper aims to estimate the tear and tensile strength of woven fabrics while considering a number of construction factors. Construction variables include ends per cm (EPCm), picks per cm (PPCm), an overall configuration of yarn, and fabric’s areal density or grams per square meter (GSM). While the statistical relationship in deciding the fabric strength is very complicated considering all variables, the correlation-regression model is used to explain the influence of structural parameters on the tear and tensile strength of various fundamental fabrics’ designs. With different thread densities varying reed counts, and heald count using 100 percent cotton yarn having 36.9 tex, eight different designs of plain, twill, and sateen are prepared for the study. Four regression models, built to predict the tear and tensile strength of the sample woven fabrics, are vital components of this research. It is noticed that the setting of yarn affects the tensile strength of the fabrics, and the fabric pattern determines the tear strength of the fabrics. For higher tear strength, matt weave, and tensile strength, a twill structure is desired within this scope of the fabric structures
Tribological performance of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C: H) DLC coating when lubricated with biodegradable vegetal canola oil
No full textIncreasing environmental awareness and demands for lowering energy consumptions are strong driving forces behind the development of the vehicles of tomorrow. Without the advances of lubricant chemistry and adequate lubricant formulation, expansion of modern engines would not have been possible. Considering environmental awareness factors as compared to mineral oils, vegetal oil based biolubricants are renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and have a least amount of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, improvement in engine performance and transmission components, which were impossible to achieve by applying only lubricants design, is now possible through diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings. DLC coatings exhibit brilliant tribological properties, such as good wear resistance and low friction. In this regard, tribological performance of a-C: H DLC coating when lubricated with Canola vegetal oil has been investigated by the help of a ball-on-flat geometry. Experimental results demonstrated that the a-C: H DLC coating exhibited better performance with Canola oil in terms of friction and wear as compared to the uncoated materials. Large amount of polar components in the Canola oil significantly improved the tribological properties of the a-C:H coating. Thus, usage of a-C: H DLC coating with Canola oil in the long run may have a positive impact on engine life
Cold-Tolerant and Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Sustainable Food Security of the Flash Flood-Prone Haor Wetlands of Bangladesh
No full textRice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country’s food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million. To escape flash floods, it is recommended to sow Boro rice earlier, between the last week of October and the first week of November, instead of around 15 November so rice may be harvested by the last week of March before the onset of flash floods. However, early sowing has a possibility of causing grain sterility due to cold spells when the booting and heading stages of rice inevitably coincide with the cold period between 15 January and 7 February. The minimum temperature in the Haor regions ranges from 11 to 15 °C during this time. Rice is especially susceptible to low average temperatures (<20 °C) during the reproductive stage, leading to pollen abortion and the malformation of immature microspores. Low temperatures mainly impact rice cultivation in Haor regions during the reproductive phase, resulting in the degeneration of the spikelets, partial panicle exertion, and increased spikelet sterility, leading to a decrease in grain yield. Over two million hectares of Boro rice have been damaged by extreme cold spells in recent years, resulting in partial or total yield loss. To overcome the threats of flash floods and cold injury, breeding short-duration and cold-tolerant rice varieties is crucial. We assume that an economic benefit of USD 230 million per year could be achieved through the development and adoption of short-duration and cold-tolerant high-yielding rice varieties in the Haor regions of the country. In this review article, the authors summarized the problems and outline a way forward to overcome the flash flood and cold injury of Boro rice cultivation in the Haor districts of the country. Furthermore, the authors discussed the various forms and scenarios of cold damage and the global existence of cold-tolerant rice cultivars. Based on the available data from earlier research, a potential way of mitigating flash floods and cold devastation was suggested
Yield potentials and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by unpadded transplanting and crop residue retention
No full textThe study was conducted to evaluate the performance of unpadded rice cultivation with crop residue retention. The rice var. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted by two tillage practices viz., puddled conventional tillage (CT) and non-puddled strip tillage (ST) and two levels of crop residues- no residue (R0) and 50% residue (R50). The experiment was devised in a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were no significant yield differences between two tillage practices and two levels of residue in 2013-14. But in the following year, ST yielded higher grains (5.72 t ha-1), which was about 9.36 % higher than CT, leading to 22.23% higher BCR. On the other hand, retention of 50% residue increased yield by 3.15% compared to no-residue, contributing to 10.58%
higher BCR. The ST combine with 50% residue retention yielded the highest grain yield (5.81 t ha-1), consequently credited to
obtain the highest BCR (1.06).. It was concluded that un-puddled rice transplanting with the retention of crop residues may be an excellent alternative to existing conventional tillage operation and farmers are likely to benefit by adopting this practice
Distribution pattern of weed seedbank in strip and bed planted sandy clay loam soil after five years of cropping in Bangladesh
No full textReduced tillage increase perennial weed
- …
