285 research outputs found
Ghasemzadeh MR. Comparative hypnotic effect of rosa damascena fractions and diazepam in mice
No full textAbstract Rosa damascena has been found to act on central nervous system including the brain. Several studies confirm that R. damascena inhibits the activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary systems in rat and can suppress the central nervous system. In traditional medicine hypnotic effect of Rose is also suggested. In this study, the hypnotic effect of the ethanol crude extract of R. damascena and its fractions was investigated in mice. Hypnotic method was based on prolongation pentobarbital induced sleeping time by the extract and fractions (with water, ethyl acetate and n-butanol). Two doses of extract and fractions (250 and 500 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneal in comparison with diazepam (3 mg/kg) as the positive control and saline (10 ml/ kg) as the negative control. Thirty minutes after injection of extract and fractions, pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) was injected and the increase in the sleeping time due to the extract and fractions was recorded. The results showed that the ethanol extract and fractions of R. damascena at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses prolonged the pentobarbital induced sleeping time in mice (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Among all fractions, aqueous fraction has the least, and the ethyl acetate fraction at 500 mg/kg dosage has the best hypnotic effect. In conclusion, the results of this study showed hypnotic effect of R. damascena which was more potent in ethyl acetate fraction
Corrigendum:Social smart city research: interconnections between participatory governance, data privacy, artificial intelligence and ethical sustainable development
No full textIn the published article, the second author's name was incorrectly written as “Behnaz Bababei Morad.” The correct spelling is “Behnaz Babaeimorad.” In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3. This was incorrectly written as “Department of Urban Planning, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.” It should be “Department of Urban Planning, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.” In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations for the third author, Behnam Ghasemzadeh. As well as having affiliations 2, 4, and 5, they should also have “1Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.” The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p
Preconceptional and in-utero exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture disrupts key markers of energy metabolism in male offspring
No full textOver recent decades, an extensive array of anthropogenic chemicals have entered the environment and have been implicated in the increased incidence of an array of diseases, including metabolic syndrome. The ubiquitous presence of these environmental chemicals (ECs) necessitates the use of real-life exposure models to the assess cumulative risk burden to metabolic health. Sheep that graze on biosolids-treated pastures are exposed to a real-life mixture of ECs such as phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and metabolites thereof, and this EC exposure can result in metabolic disorders in their offspring. Using this model, we evaluated the effects of gestational exposure to a complex EC mixture on plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and metabolic and epigenetic regulatory genes in tissues key to energy regulation and storage, including the hypothalamus, liver, and adipose depots of 11-month-old male offspring. Our results demonstrated a binary effect of EC exposure on gene expression particularly in the hypothalamus. Principal component analysis revealed two subsets (B-S1 [n = 6] and B-S2 [n = 4]) within the biosolids group (B, n = 10), relative to the controls (C, n = 11). Changes in body weight, TG levels, and in gene expression in the hypothalamus, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were apparent between biosolid and control and the two subgroups of biosolids animals. These findings demonstrate that gestational exposure to an EC mixture results in differential regulation of metabolic processes in adult male offspring. Binary effects on hypothalamic gene expression and altered expression of lipid metabolism genes in visceral and subcutaneous fat, coupled with phenotypic outcomes, point to differences in individual susceptibility to EC exposure that could predispose vulnerable individuals to later metabolic dysfunction
In-utero exposure to real-life environmental chemicals disrupts gene expression within the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of prepubertal and adult rams
No full textEnvironmental chemicals (ECs) have been associated with a broad range of disorders and diseases. Daily exposure to various ECs in the environment, or real-life exposure, has raised significant public health concerns. Utilizing the biosolids-treated pasture (BTP) sheep model, this study demonstrates that in-utero exposure to a real-life EC mixture disrupts hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis gene expression and reproductive traits in prepubertal (8-week-old, 8w) and adult (11-month-old) male sheep. Ewes were maintained on either BTP or pastures fertilized with inorganic fertilizer [control (C)] from approximately one month prior to insemination until around parturition. Thereafter, all animals were kept under control conditions. Effects on reproductive parameters including testosterone concentrations and the expression of key genes in the HPG axis were evaluated in eight-week-old and adult male offspring from both C and biosolids-exposed (B) groups. Results showed that, at 8w, relative to C (n = 11), B males (n = 11) had lower body weight, and altered testicular expression of HSD3B1, LHR and HSD17B3, BMP4, ABP, P27 kip and CELF1. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two 8w B subgroups, based on hypothalamic expression of GnRH, ESR1, and AR, and pituitary expression of KISSR. The two subgroups also exhibited different serum testosterone concentrations. The largest biosolids effects were observed in the hypothalamus of adult rams with NKB, ESR1, KISS1, AR, DLK1 and GNRH1 mRNA expression differing between B (n = 10) and C (n = 11) rams. Testicular steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 mRNA expression also differed between exposure groups. PCA identified two adult B subgroups, with BS1 (n = 6) displaying hypothalamic effects and BS2 (n = 4) both hypothalamic and testicular effects. The subgroups also differed in circulating testosterone concentrations. These findings demonstrate that exposure to a real-life EC mixture may predispose some males to infertility, by disrupting key functional HPG markers before puberty with consequent downstream effects on steroid hormones and spermatogenesis
بررسی مقایسه ای سطح هموسیستئین و شرح حال میزان مصرف اپیوم در بیماران با جریان کرونر کند در مقایسه با افرادی که آنژیوگرافی نرمال دارند
No full textEin neuer Algorithmus für die quantifizierte Aussagenlogik, basierend auf Zero-suppressed BDDs und Memoization
No full textQuantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) play an important role in theoretical computer science. QBF extends propositional logic in such a way that many advanced forms of reasoning can be easily formulated and evaluated. In this dissertation we present our ZQSAT, which is an algorithm for evaluating quantified Boolean formulas. ZQSAT is based on ZBDD: Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagram , which is a variant of BDD, and an adopted version of the DPLL algorithm. It has been implemented in C using the CUDD: Colorado University Decision Diagram package. The capability of ZBDDs in storing sets of subsets efficiently enabled us to store the clauses of a QBF very compactly and let us to embed the notion of memoization to the DPLL algorithm. These points led us to implement the search algorithm in such a way that we could store and reuse the results of all previously solved subformulas with a little overheads. ZQSAT can solve some sets of standard QBF benchmark problems (known to be hard for DPLL based algorithms) faster than the best existing solvers. In addition to prenex-CNF, ZQSAT accepts prenex-NNF formulas. We show and prove how this capability can be exponentially beneficial.In der Dissertation stellen wir einen neuen Algorithmus vor, welcher Formeln der quantifizierten Aussagenlogik (engl. Quantified Boolean formula, kurz QBF) löst. QBFs sind eine Erweiterung der klassischen Aussagenlogik um die Quantifizierung über aussagenlogische Variablen. Die quantifizierte Aussagenlogik ist dabei eine konservative Erweiterung der Aussagenlogik, d.h. es können nicht mehr Theoreme nachgewiesen werden als in der gewöhnlichen Aussagenlogik. Der Vorteil der Verwendung von QBFs ergibt sich durch die Möglichkeit, Sachverhalte kompakter zu repräsentieren. SAT (die Frage nach der Erfüllbarkeit einer Formel der Aussagenlogik) und QSAT (die Frage nach der Erfüllbarkeit einer QBF) sind zentrale Probleme in der Informatik mit einer Fülle von Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel in der Graphentheorie, bei Planungsproblemen, nichtmonotonen Logiken oder bei der Verifikation. Insbesondere die Verifikation von Hard- und Software ist ein sehr aktuelles und wichtiges Forschungsgebiet in der Informatik. Unser Algorithmus zur Lösung von QBFs basiert auf sogenannten ZBDDs (engl. Zero-suppressed Binary decision Diagrams), welche eine Variante der BDDs (engl. Binary decision Diagrams) sind. BDDs sind eine kompakte Repräsentation von Formeln der Aussagenlogik. Der Algorithmus kombiniert nun bekannte Techniken zum Lösen von QBFs mit der ZBDD-Darstellung unter Verwendung geeigneter Heuristiken und Memoization. Memoization ermöglicht dabei das einfache Wiederverwenden bereits gelöster Teilprobleme. Der Algorithmus wurde unter Verwendung des CUDD-Paketes (Colorado University Decision Diagram) implementiert und unter dem Namen ZQSAT veröffentlicht. In Tests konnten wir nachweisen, dass ZQSAT konkurrenzfähig zu existierenden QBF-Beweisern ist, in einigen Fällen sogar bessere Resultate liefern kann
An Improved Algorithm for Network Reliability Evaluation
No full textBinary Decision Diagram (BDD) is a data structure proved to be compact in representation and efficient in manipulation of Boolean formulas. Using Binary decision diagram in network reliability analysis has already been investigated by some researchers. In this paper we show how an exact algorithm for network reliability can be improved and implemented efficiently by using CUDD - Colorado University Decision Diagram
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Automated Customization of ML inference on FPGAs
No full textThis thesis introduces novel frameworks for automated customization of two classes of machine learning algorithms, deep neural networks and causal Bayesian analysis. The high computational complexity often prohibits the deployment of ML models on resource-constrained embedded devices where memory and energy budgets are strictly limited. FPGAs offer a flexible substrate that can be configured to maximally exploit the parallel nature of computations in different ML algorithms to deliver high-throughput and power-efficient accelerators. To make FPGAs a ubiquitous platform for ML inference, automated frameworks that can customize ML models to the constraints of the underlying hardware and pertinent application requirements are necessary. My work proposes hardware-algorithm co-design approaches to customize ML inference on FPGA platforms and provides end-to-end automated frameworks to generate optimized hardware accelerators which can be used by a broad range of ML developers without requiring any hardware design knowledge. My key contributions include: (i) proposing an end-to-end framework to customize execution of deep neural networks on FPGAs using a reconfigurable encoding approach for the parameters of model which results in 9-fold reduction in memory footprint and 15-fold improvement in throughput without any loss in accuracy, (ii) proposing CausaLearn, the first automated framework that enables real-time and scalable approximation of probability density function in the context of causal Bayesian analysis which offers up to two orders-of-magnitude runtime and energy improvements compared to the best-known prior solution, (iii) proposing ReBNet, an end-to-end framework for training reconfigurable binary neural networks on software and developing efficient accelerators for execution on FPGA
Sexually dimorphic effects of in-utero exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture on markers of cardiovascular function in adult sheep
No full textCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major sexually dimorphic cause of mortality and morbidity. Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals (ECs) can program the adult onset of CVD. Using a real-life EC exposure sheep model, this study investigated structural and molecular underpinnings of the sex-specific effects of prenatal EC mixture exposure via mothers grazing on biosolids treated pasture (BTP) in left ventricular (LV) tissues. EC mixture exposure had no impact on plasma TG and TC levels, LV cardiomyocyte number or collagen scoring in both sexes. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in fibrosis was evident in interstitial, perivascular and replacement fibrosis in BTP males. A significant upregulation of inflammatory (MHC-DRB1, MHC-DYA), apoptosis (CASP3) markers, together with elevated IGF-1 and IGF1-R expression was restricted to EC exposed males only. These findings extend our earlier results on sex-specific differences in prenatal EC exposure programming of adult CV functioning, particularly in males
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