10,535 research outputs found
Increasing Inequality and the Changing Spatial Distribution of Income in Tel-Aviv
No full textDespite its egalitarian past, in recent decades Israel followed the footsteps of the United States in terms of growing inequality levels and reduced welfare arrangements. It is assumed, therefore, to have followed similar trends of increasing residential segregation between income groups. This study focuses on the metropolitan area of Tel-Aviv, Israel’s financial and cultural centre and examines the change in the spatial distribution of income groups between the years 1995–2008. It identifies trends in segregation between top and bottom income earners, as well as those between other income groups, given corresponding trends in income inequality. In addition, it examines spatial patterns of affluence and poverty concentration and assesses the influence of concentrated disadvantage among specific income and religious groups on overall segregation trends.Urban Studie
Neighbourhood change and spatial polarization : the roles of increasing inequality and divergent urban development
No full textThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 702649; and from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC [Grant agreement No. 615159] (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects).Most studies of neighbourhood and urban change do not distinguish between different underlying processes. This study distinguishes between the effect of increasing inequality between neighbourhoods and the effect of exchanges in their relative positions which can be attributed to urban development processes. The paper identifies the relative roles of these processes in generating neighbourhood socioeconomic change in the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area in Israel, and analyses how they interacted in reshaping its socio-spatial structure. Tel-Aviv is an interesting case study because of a persistent north-south socioeconomic divide. During the research period (1995–2008) inequality in Israel has risen substantially following the integration in the global economy; at the same time, the metropolitan area went through extensive urban development and expansion to the rural fringe. To examine the contributions associated with increasing inequality and urban-development processes to neighbourhood income change we use a method that was originally presented in the context of individual income mobility and recently applied in the context of neighbourhood change. The results show that urban processes and inequality intensified the historical divide in different ways, and each factor can be associated with a typical spatial pattern. The interaction between the factors is diverse; in some places they reinforced each other, whereas in some they operated at opposite directions and offset each other.Peer reviewe
Inequality, Reordering and Divergent Growth: Processes of Neighbourhood Change in Dutch Cities
No full textThe socio-economic mosaic of urban neighbourhoods changes under the influence of three distinctive distributional processes: reordering of the socio-economic position of urban neighbourhoods; changing levels of inequality between neighbourhoods; and an overall growth or decline in income levels which affects all neighbourhoods of an urban area. With the common practices in analysing neighbourhood change, the roles of these underlying processes are unclear. This paper builds on a decomposition method to analyse the roles of the three components of change in four largest Dutch city-regions. The results points to substantial variations in components of change in the four city-regions
Reordering, inequality and divergent growth : processes of neighbourhood change in Dutch cities
No full textFunding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 702649; and from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC [Grant agreement No. 615159] (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects).Neighbourhood socioeconomic change is often related to structural processes that transform urban income compositions. In the Netherlands, restructuring of the welfare state and the housing market are examples. The paper examines the role of structural processes in neighbourhood income change in four Dutch cities (1999–2014) by decomposing total change into contributions of three factors: reordering of neighbourhood hierarchies; increasing inequality; and income growth. Results show regional variation in change components. Amsterdam and Utrecht stand out in contributions of growth; Amsterdam and the Hague in contributions of inequality. All cities’ core neighbourhoods are upgraded through reordering, a pattern often masked by increasing inequality.Peer reviewe
Imsejhin ghall-qadi tal-komunita` Nisranija permezz tal-ministeru sacerdotali
No full textThe article focuses upon the call to service through the exercise of the priestly ministry. The point of departure of the study is the Johannine pericope which describes the washing of the disciples' feet by Jesus (Jn 13:1-20). The article describes how the celebration of the liturgy is a fount of vocations to the ordained ministry. The author then studies three documents of the Second Vatican Council -- Optatam Totius, Presbyterorum Ordinis and Christus Dominus -- in order to depict the centrality of service to priestly ministry. A number of evocative texts are referred to, as well as formation documents from the local Church of Malta. Furthermore, the respective contributions of Bishop Tonino Bello, Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis are also given pride of place, as more light is thrown on the theme of the article.peer-reviewe
Tal förbättring metoder i handsfree-kommunikation med tonvikt på Optimal SNIR strålformaren
No full textA basic speech enhancement can be achieved by the suppression of background noise and reverberation from the clean speech. The point to be noted is to achieve it with a low computational complexity. The aim is to estimate signal arriving optimally from the desired direction in the presence of reverberant-noisy speech signal. Recent studies show that this can be achieved by designing various kinds of robust fixed and adaptive beamformers. A beamformer does spatial filtering in the sense that it separates two signals with overlapping frequency content originating from distinctive directions. In this contribution, robust beamformers namely Elkos beamformer, Wiener beamforming and optimal signal to noise interference ratio (SNIR) beamformer are designed and analyzed collaboratively in a group under the consideration of hearing aid constraints such as the microphone distance and different real world room dimensions. A fractionally delayed (FD) all pass Thiran filters are designed to get a maximally flat group delay. A virtual room image model is designed to achieve different dimensions of the room and their reverberant speech signals. The objective of this thesis is to design and implement an optimal SNIR beamformer in anechoic and reverberant environments with different noises, i.e. wind, white, factory and interference. It is implemented and simulated offline in MATLAB. The performance of the optimal SNIR Beamformer is evaluated by considering the objective measures such as SNRI, SD, ND, RR and PESQI under different noisy environments in anechoic and reverberated environments. These parameters are measured by assuming input SNR levels at 0dB, 5dB, 10 dB, 15 dB, 20 dB and 25 dB. In addition to this a new parameter RR is also evaluated in reverberated environment. This parameter is measured by varying the number of microphones. The reverberation power suppression is analyzed by using RR. Speech quality is analyzed based on signal to noise ratio Improvement and speech intelligibility is measured using PESQ for different noisy environments. Results show that optimal SNIR beamformer performs best compared to all other beamformers due to its inherent properties.En grundläggande tal förbättring kan uppnås genom undertryckande av bakgrundsbrus och efterklang från den rena tal. Den punkt som skall noteras är att uppnå den med en låg beräkningskomplexitet. Syftet är att uppskatta signal som anländer optimalt från den önskade riktningen i närvaro av reverberenta-brusig talsignal. Nyligen genomförda studier visar att detta kan uppnås genom att konstruera olika typer av robusta fasta och adaptiv lobformare. En lobformare inte rymdfiltrering i den meningen att den separerar två signaler med överlappande frekvenser som härrör från distinkta riktningar. I detta bidrag Elkos robusta lobformare nämligen strålbildaren, Wiener lobformning och optimal signal-brus interferens förhållande (SNIR) strålbildaren utformas och analyseras samarbeta i en grupp under övervägande av hörapparat begränsningar, till exempel mikrofonen avståndet och olika verkliga dimensioner rum. En bråkdel försenade (FD) alla pass Thiran filter är utformade för att få en maximalt flat grupplöptid. Ett virtuellt rum bilden är utformad för att uppnå olika dimensioner i rummet och deras ekande signaler tal. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforma och genomföra en optimal SNIR strålbildaren i ekofria och reverberenta miljöer med olika ljud, dvs vind, vit, fabriker och störningar. Den genomförs och simulerade offline i MATLAB. Utförandet av den optimala SNIR strålbildaren utvärderas genom att beakta de objektiva åtgärder som SNRI, SD, ND, RR och PESQI under olika bullriga miljöer i ekofria och ekade miljöer. Dessa parametrar mäts genom ett antagande in SNR nivåer 0dB, 5 dB, 10 dB, 15 dB, 20 dB och 25 dB. Utöver detta en ny parameter RR, utvärderas även återreflekteras miljö. Denna parameter mäts genom att variera antalet mikrofoner. Efterklangstiden effektdämparstavar analyseras med hjälp av RR. Tal kvalitet analyseras utifrån signal-brus-förhållande Förbättring och taluppfattbarhet mäts med PESQ för olika bullriga miljöer. Resultaten visar att optimal SNIR strålbildaren bästa utför jämfört med alla andra lobformare på grund av dess inneboende egenskaper.M.Thyagaraju, H.no 5/72, Bhairavanager, Behind JNTU college, ANANTAPUR, Andhra Pradesh, India-515002. EmailID:[email protected] Contact PH: 0046760310134, 00919440508157
Structural and Exchange Components in Processes of Neighbourhood Change: A Social Mobility Approach
No full textNeighbourhood socioeconomic change is a complex phenomenon which is driven by multiple macro- and micro-level processes. Most theoretical and empirical work has focused on the role of urban-level processes, such as filtering, life-cycle, and social dynamics. For individual neighbourhoods, these processes generate flows of different socioeconomic groups, which consequently leads to an exchange of relative positions in the metropolitan hierarchy ('exchange' effect) where some neighbourhoods move up and others move down. Neighbourhoods are also affected by structural processes that operate beyond the urban level. They can generate upward or downward shifts of absolute income across a whole array of neighbourhoods ('growth/decline' effect), or change the inequality among neighbourhoods, where the top and bottom of the neighbourhood hierarchy move away from each other ('inequality' effect). A common practice in neighbourhood change studies is to represent neighbourhood status as relative to the respective metropolitan area; this neutralizes the 'growth/decline' effect and ignores an important source of change and divergence between neighbourhoods in different regions. Some specific relative measures of change do capture the inequality effect but confound the 'exchange' and 'inequality' effects. This paper introduces a methodological approach that decomposes total neighbourhood socioeconomic change, measured in absolute terms, into components of 'exchange', 'growth/decline' and 'inequality'. It applies a decomposition method presented by Van Kerm (2004), developed for understanding income mobility of individuals. The approach (1) acknowledges the role of structural processes in neighbourhood change, and (2) makes a distinction between different processes that generate neighbourhood change which is essential for comparative research
The Roles of Increasing Inequality and Divergent Urban Development in Understanding Spatial Polarization in Tel-Aviv
No full textMany studies of urban and neighbourhood change investigate changes in the relative positions of neighbourhoods within an urban region, without looking at the underlying processes. Often, changes in socio-spatial structures reflect intensifying socio-spatial divisions caused by both increasing inequality and urban development processes. This paper will examine the roles of increasing inequality and urban-development processes in reshaping the socio-spatial structure of the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area in Israel. Tel-Aviv is an interesting case study because of the persistent north-south socioeconomic divide. During the research period (1995–2008) inequality in Israel has risen substantially following the integration in the global economy; at the same time, the metropolitan area went through extensive urban development and expansion to the rural fringe. To examine the contributions associated with increasing inequality and urban-development processes to income changes among metropolitan neighbourhoods, we use a method that was originally presented in the context of individual income mobility and recently applied in the context of neighbourhood change. The results show that urban processes and inequality intensified the historical divide in different ways, and each factor can be associated with a typical spatial pattern. The interaction between the factors is diverse; in some places they reinforced each other, whereas in some they operated at opposite directions and offset each other
Grajjiet is-Santwarju tal-Madonna tal-Grazzji
No full textContents: Xewqa mitmuma - Mit-tempji pagani ghas-Santwarju tal-lum - Santwarju li jfakkar fil-grajja tal-ordni u ta' missirijietna - Strangieri devoti tal-Madonna - Mir-registru tal-offertiThe Sanctuary of Our Lady of Divine Grace is without doubt the most prominent building in Zabbar. The author gives a detailed description of the history of the Zabbar Sanctuary and illustrates important facts on the history of Zabbar.
Is-Santwarju tal-Madonna tal Grazzji huwa bla dubju l-aktar bini prominenti fiż-Żabbar. L-awtur jagħti deskrizzjoni dettaljata tal-istorja tas-Santwarju u jaghti fatti importanti dwar l-istorja ta’ Zabbar.
Contents: Xewqa mitmuma - Mit-tempji pagani ghas-Santwarju tal-lum - Santwarju li jfakkar fil-grajja tal-ordni u ta' missirijietna - Strangieri devoti tal-Madonna - Mir-registru tal-offertipeer-reviewe
On-Demand Generation of Searchable Ephemeral Web Addresses via Agentic Browser Actuation
No full textTraditional web crawlers may face challenges indexing certain types of dynamic, ephemeral web content, such as customized product comparisons or filtered lists, as this content can be generated on-the-fly and may not have a persistent, static uniform resource locator (URL). This situation can lead to search results that do not include certain types of user-customized information. A disclosed system can be configured to capture user intent from a query and deploy an agentic technology, for instance, a browser actuation agent. The agent can programmatically simulate user navigation on a target website to dynamically generate an ad-hoc URL corresponding to content that addresses the user\u27s request. This generated URL can then be surfaced within search results. This process may facilitate the discovery of on-demand content that might otherwise not be indexed, potentially improving the scope and specificity of search engine results
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