4,751 research outputs found
Age-graded Spelling Changes in Facebook
No full textABSTRAK Age-graded spelling changes are chosen because language is developing through times. “Age-graded” is also an understanding of the social factors that motivate spelling changes. The aim of this study is to give the portrayal of how Facebook users update statuses regarding the use of the spelling changes, how orthographic context surrounds spelling changes, and why age factor can affect spelling changes. This study employed a correlation research design. The data of this study was collected from five Facebook accounts of the researcher’s classmates. The data were taken by screenshotting the status updates of their Facebook accounts from 2010 to 2014. All of the status updates were analyzed to find out the development of spelling changes of each account. The data were also analyzed by referring to orthographic contexts as outlined by David Crystal (2004): alphabets, capital letters, spelling, punctuations, and ways of expressing emphasis. Then, to analyze the correlation between age and spelling changes, the researcher carried out a semi-structured interview with the researcher’s classmates. The results of this study show that there are 45 words of spelling changes found on Facebook during 2010 to 2014. There are once to four times of spelling changes form used by the researcher’s classmates. The orthographic contexts surrounding the spelling changes were grouped into four categories; they include alphabet, capitalization, spelling, and punctuation. The spelling of orthographic contexts seemed to be in parallel with spelling changes. In addition, the using of spelling changes is gradually decrease in favor more standard forms of speech though it is not the perfect one. Based on these findings, for readers of this study it gives proper information on spelling changes which are used in a certain occasion on social media, and how to understand them. For future researchers, this study can be as a reference in conducting a study related to spelling changes
Coordinated Arrival and Departure Management
No full textAt many airports, the arrival and departure demand often outpaces the available airport capacity. Therefore, the flowof arriving and departing aircraft needs to be controlled to ensure safe and efficient operations. Many airports have been implementing systems that provide electronic assistance for air traffic control in planning and sequencing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft. Those systems are called the ArrivalManager and the DepartureManager. At the moment the two systems do not take each other’s traffic situation into account. Arriving and departing aircraft are accepted to enter the same airspace, even though no information exchange exists between the two. The lack in information exchange is not problematic for airports operating independent arrival and departure runways, arriving aircraft paths do not hinder departing aircraft paths. However, for dependent runways, when aircraft arrivals hinder departing aircraft, and vice versa, the lack of information exchange between the two systems, ATC will not be able to fit as many departures into the arrival stream as is planned by the Departure Manager. This can cause severe (surface-) congestion problems at airports that rely on dependent runways. This study focused on the interaction between arriving and departing aircraft for dependent arrival and departure runway combinations and the magnitude of the resulting arrival and departure capacity interference. With this knowledge, this research developed and assessed strategies for coordination between Arrival Management and Departure Management. First, the uncoordinated Arrival and Departure Manager (ADMAN) was developed in BlueSky Open Air Traffic Simulator to represent the current management of arrivals and departures; the AMAN and DMAN schedule inbound and outbound independently from one another. Second, the coordinated ADMAN was developed in BlueSky Open Air Traffic Simulator as well. The coordinated ADMAN includes three different coordination modules between the AMAN and DMAN that aims to increase the operational efficiency of dependent arrival and departure runway combinations. Each of the implemented coordination modules checks the number of departure slots that are available in the scheduled arrival stream and intervene if necessary, taking into account different assumptions. To obtain insight into the future magnitude of arrival and departure capacity interference and to demonstrate the for a coordination mechanism between the management of arrivals and departures, fast-time simulations were performed with the uncoordinated ADMAN. This experiment used an arrival and departure runway combination with amissed approach dependency to assess future arrival and departure capacity interference. To express the severeness of arrival and departure capacity interference, capacity was used as Key Performance Area (KPA). The results showed that if the arrival load would increase, due to RECAT and TBS, the arrival and departure capacity interference worsens. These results demonstrated the need for coordination mechanism between the management of arriving and departing aircraft. A second experiment was set-up to assess the performance of the different coordination modules implemented in the uncoordinated ADMAN. The three coordination modules were evaluated in terms of capacity, delay, coordination module interventions and ATCO workload by performing fast-time simulations. Like the first experiment, the second experiment used an arrival and departure runway combination with a missed approach dependency to test the modules for different levels of arrival load during morning and evening arrival peaks. The results showed that the departure capacity could be increased, and departure delay could be decreased, when the AMAN meters the arriving aircraft as a function of the departure ground situation. As this research set the start for coordinated arrival and departure management for dependent runway operations, other concepts could be developed tomitigate the effect of arrival and departure capacity interference. Furthermore, to improve the realism of both the uncoordinated ADMAN and coordinated ADMAN, it is recommended to upgrade the Air Traffic Control module.Aerospace Engineerin
Combining international student social and academic transition online
No full textThe social and academic acculturation of a large number of newly arrived international students challenges even the most prepared of UK higher education institutions. How best to facilitate students’ social need to form new friendships with that of formally preparing them for the often unfamiliar academic demands of a different educational system? This paper will present a pre-arrival online course delivered to over 2,000 international students each summer, which combines student-centred socialisation with institution-driven academic preparation. From the initial data, it will draw some tentative conclusions about how far this approach could help facilitate students’ transition in advance of their arrival
Direction of arrival estimation based on information geometry
Get PDFIn this paper, a new direction of arrival (DOA) estimation approach is devised using concepts from information geometry (IG). The proposed method uses geodesic distances in the statistical manifold of probability distributions parametrized by their covariance matrix to estimate the direction of arrival of several sources. In order to obtain a practical method, the DOA estimation is treated as a single-variable optimization problem, for which the DOA solutions are found by means of a line search. The relation between the proposed method and MVDR beamformer is elucidated. An evaluation of its performance is carried out by means of Monte Carlo simulations and it is shown that the proposed method provides improved resolution capabilities at low SNR with respect to MUSIC and MVDR.Accepted Author ManuscriptSignal Processing System
Effect of Real-Time Truck Arrival Information on the Resilience of Slot Management Systems
No full textTraffic congestion is uncertain and undesirable in logistics and leads to arrival uncertainty at downstream locations engendering disruptions. This paper considers a loading facility that uses Truck Appointment System (TAS) for slot management and faces incoming truck arrival uncertainty due to traffic congestion. Due to the recent advancements in cyber-physical systems, we propose an adaptive system that uses the real-time truck Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) data to make informed decisions. We develop an integer mathematical model to represent the adaptive behavior that determines the optimal reschedules by minimizing the average truck waiting time. We developed a simulation model of the adaptive system and reported the estimated benefits from our initial experiments.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and LogisticsTransport and Plannin
From Arrival City to Beijing: Co-transformation of Arrival City and Urban in an Open System
No full textThe graduation project is about exploring an alternative development strategy for Beijing. The project reflects on the grand blueprint of Beijing planning and the original way for urban renewal. It discusses the death of the arrival cities in this planning context and a series of social problems caused thereby.Taking the mitigation of such Beijing planning problems as the goal of the project, this project builds a new development framework for Beijing’s urban renewal based on the theory of the Open Cities: taking the arrival city as an effective open system, and using the arrival city’s renewal as a means of opening the urban space in Beijing. This project reverses Beijing's planning logic and looks forward to finding new development value in the weak space in Beijing's current planning, giving formal planning models a suggestion from informal development forces.<br/
Points of Arrival
No full textA written thesis on how to use the principle of pointillism as a method of using colour in the exterior of architecture & An architectural design that uses pointillism as one among other aspects to create a sequential process of arrival in order to provide a versatile experience of architecture.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Project
Arrival Management Support in the Presence of Prediction Uncertainty
No full textFuture concepts for Air Traffic Management (ATM) foresee—and even mandate—an increase in the distance from the destination airport at which the ATM system should start planning the arrival sequence and arrival time of inbound flights. By increasing the horizon beyond one hour before arrival, it becomes possible to timely adjust the flight path of the inbound aircraft to meet the planned time. These timely adjustments tend to result in a more efficient flight profile, reducing fuel burn and emissions....Control & Simulatio
Effect of Popup Flights on the Extended Arrival Manager
No full textTo assess the effect of flights departing within the horizon of the extended arrival manager (so-called popup flights), fast-time simulations are performed using an arrival manager research model. This model is tailored for operations at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport and integrated in BlueSky, which is an open-source air traffic management simulator. Simulation results show a significantly negative impact of popup flights on extended arrival management in terms of flight crew and air traffic control task load, sequence stability, and delay (cost). This impact can be mitigated by preplanning popup flights before departure and using their takeoff time estimates. This will, however, only be beneficial when these estimates are sufficiently accurate (better than two minutes). With currently achievable accuracies, it is better to discard these estimates in the context of extended arrival management.Control & Simulatio
Veal calf health on the day of arrival at growers in Ohio
No full textVeal calves are at high risk for disease and mortality in early life. Calves face a number of stressors before arriving at the grower, including long transport times, which may contribute to poor health. Our objectives were to 1) estimate the prevalence of poor health outcomes in veal calves on arrival at growers in Ohio; 2) determine risk factors for health outcomes on arrival, including BW and auction site (spread across 5 states in the Northeastern United States); and 3) determine if health outcomes on arrival predict early mortality. A physical examination was conducted on approximately 30 calves (mean of 45.9 kg [SD 3.0]) from 12 cohorts (n = 383 calves). Exams included a blood sample to determine packed cell volume (an estimate of dehydration using a cutoff > 46%) and total protein (an estimate failure of passive transfer using a cutoff < 5.5 g/dL and 6.0 g/dL to account for dehydration). Diarrhea, respiratory disease, depression, navel inflammation, and a skin tent test (a second indicator of dehydration) were also recorded. Mortality within 4 wk of age was collected from farm records. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence of calves with poor health outcomes on arrival. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify risk factors for poor health on arrival and assess if poor health increased the incidence risk of mortality. Upon arrival, 6% (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 7.6%) of calves had failure of passive transfer using a cut-off of 5.5 g/ dL, and 22.5% (18.1 to 26.8%) had failure of passive transfer using a cut-off of 5.5 g/dL, and 22.5% (18.1 to 26.8%) had failure of passive transfer using a cut-off of 6.0%; 14% (9.1 to 18.8%) had diarrhea, 0.5% (0 to 1.3%) had respiratory disease, 14% (8.5 to 19.3%) were depressed, and 27% (22.7 to 30.7%) had inflamed navels. In addition, 35.1% (23.5 to 46.6%) of calves were dehydrated using a skin tent test, but only 1.3% (0.0 to 2.9%) were dehydrated based on the packed cell volume threshold. Auction site was associated with depression on arrival (P = 0.008) and tended to be associated with skin tent on arrival (P = 0.08). None of the health variables were predictors of early mortality; however, mortality was generally low for all cohorts (4.3%; range 1.7 to 6.8%). These results estimate the prevalence of dehydration, diarrhea, navel inflammation, and depression in veal calves on arrival at growers and demonstrate that some health outcomes are dependent on auction site. We conclude that there are many opportunities to intervene to improve their health and welfare before the calves arrive at the grower. © 2017 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved
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