9 research outputs found
Age-related disparities in modifiable risk factors for diabetes in adult populations
Get PDF© 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00214-2Published versio
The complex picture of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDF© 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100123Published versio
Association of environmental tobacco smoke with dementia and Alzheimer's disease among never smokers
No full textEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to be harmful; however, its association with dementia remains controversial and with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Using a standard interview method, the author carried out a multicenter cross-sectional study of dementia in China by examining 2692 never-smoking people aged ≥60 years. Relative risks (RRs) of AD and all dementia, as diagnosed by psychiatrists, in relation to ETS were calculated in a multivariate regression model. The adjusted RR for all dementia was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.68). The increased risk was mainly from exposure to ETS at home (1.87, 95% CI: 1.19-2.93), and it was associated with exposure duration. The adjusted RR for AD was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.82-2.84); the matched figure for ETS exposure at home, at work, and at other places was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.69-2.74), 2.04 (95% CI: 1.72-2.42), and 1.80 (95% CI: 0.96-3.38), respectively. The association of the increased risk with a total cumulative exposure dose was at borderline significance. The risk of dementia and AD increased with ETS exposure. Banning smoking in public areas may help reduce a dementia epidemic worldwide
Hourly and Daily Urban Water Demand Predictions Using a Long Short-Term Memory Based Model
No full textThis case study uses a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based model to predict short-term urban water demands for the Hefei City of China. The performance of the LSTM-based model is compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the support vector regression (SVR) model, and the random forests (RF) model based on data with time resolutions ranging from 15 min to 24 h. Additionally, this paper investigates the performance of the LSTM-based model in predicting multiple successive data points. Results show that the LSTM-based model can offer predictions with improved accuracy than the other models when dealing with data with high time resolutions, data points with abrupt changes, and data with a relatively high uncertainty level. It is also observed that the LSTM-based model exhibits the best performance in predicting multiple successive water demands with high time resolutions. In addition, the inclusion of external parameters (e.g., temperature) cannot enhance the performance of the LSTM-based model, but it can improve ARIMAX's prediction ability (ARIMAX is the ARIMA with variables). These observations provide additional and improved evaluations regarding the LSTM-based models used for short-term urban water demand forecasting, thereby enabling their wider adoption in practical applications. Accepted Author ManuscriptSanitary Engineerin
An analysis program for occupational cohort mortality and update cancer risk in copper miners
No full textAuthor has developed a computer analysis system to deal with data from occupational follow-up studies, including: (1) input and administration of data; (2) calculation of person-years at risk and follow-up rate; (3) standardised mortality ratios for all cause-of-death categories; (4) the differences and trends of the cancer risks among subcategories defined by variables such as year and age at death, year and age at start of exposure, duration of exposure and time since first exposure, and job titles; and (5) life expectancy analysis. It is explained and applied in an updated cohort of copper miners. The computed results showed that the SMR for all cancer was elevated to 129 (95% CI 117-142). The SMR increased with calendar periods and a higher risk of cancer deaths was found in the miners employed in the 1950s. The miners who were exposed at a younger age had more chance of developing cancer. The risk of cancer deaths increased with the time since first exposure and more strongly with the duration of exposure. The SMR of cancer in underground miners reached up to 137 significantly. All analysis suggests that the occupational exposure (possibly silica dust) could be considered as a risk factor of cancer among the copper miners. The analysis of life expectancy indicated that deaths from circulatory system disease shorten more life expectancy for the miners
Crowdsourcing Methods for Data Collection in Geophysics: State of the Art, Issues, and Future Directions
No full textData are essential in all areas of geophysics. They are used to better understand and manage systems, either directly or via models. Given the complexity and spatiotemporal variability of geophysical systems (e.g., precipitation), a lack of sufficient data is a perennial problem, which is exacerbated by various drivers, such as climate change and urbanization. In recent years, crowdsourcing has become increasingly prominent as a means of supplementing data obtained from more traditional sources, particularly due to its relatively low implementation cost and ability to increase the spatial and/or temporal resolution of data significantly. Given the proliferation of different crowdsourcing methods in geophysics and the promise they have shown, it is timely to assess the state of the art in this field, to identify potential issues and map out a way forward. In this paper, crowdsourcing-based data acquisition methods that have been used in seven domains of geophysics, including weather, precipitation, air pollution, geography, ecology, surface water, and natural hazard management, are discussed based on a review of 162 papers. In addition, a novel framework for categorizing these methods is introduced and applied to the methods used in the seven domains of geophysics considered in this review. This paper also features a review of 93 papers dealing with issues that are common to data acquisition methods in different domains of geophysics, including the management of crowdsourcing projects, data quality, data processing, and data privacy. In each of these areas, the current status is discussed and challenges and future directions are outlined.Water Resource
Predictors of diabetes in older people in urban China.
Get PDFChina has the largest number of people with diabetes in the world. Over the last 30 years China has experienced rapid economic growth and a growing income gap between rich and poor. The population is ageing, however diabetes in older people has not been well studied to date. In this study we determined incidence and predictors of diabetes in older Chinese people
Association of air pollution with the risk of initial outpatient visits for tuberculosis in Wuhan, China
Get PDFThis is an accepted manuscript of an article published by BMJ Publishing Group in Occupational and Environmental Medicine on 12//07/2019, available online: https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105532
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Objectives Previous studies suggested the association of air pollution with initial Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the disease development. However, few studies have been conducted on air pollution and initial tuberculosis (TB) consults using short-interval data. We investigated the weekly association between air pollution and initial TB outpatient visits. Methods We used a Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model to conduct a time-series study with weekly air pollution data and TB cases during 2014-2017 in Wuhan, China. Results A 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) was associated with 11.74% (95% CI: 0.70 to 23.98, lag 0-1 weeks), 21.45% (95% CI: 1.44 to 45.41, lag 0-2 weeks) and 12.8% (95% CI: 0.97 to 26.02, lag 0-1 weeks) increase in initial TB consults among all patients with TB, old patients (≥60 years old) and male ones, respectively. A 10 μg/m 3 increase in SO 2 (sulfur dioxide) was associated with -22.23% (95% CI: -39.23 to -0.49, lag 0-16 weeks), -28.65% (95% CI: -44.3 to -8.58, lag 0-16 weeks), -23.85 (95% CI: -41.79 to -0.37, lag 0-8 weeks) and -23.82% (95% CI: -41.31 to -1.11, lag 0-16 weeks) increase in initial TB consults among the total, young (aged 15-59 years old), old and male patients, respectively. In old patients, a 0.1 mg/m 3 increase in CO (carbon monoxide) and a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 (particulate matter) were separately associated with 42.32% (95% CI: 1.16 to 100.22, lag 0-16 weeks) and 17.38% (95% CI: 0.28 to 37.38, lag 0-16 weeks) increases in TB consults. Conclusion Our study first highlighted the importance of weekly association between air pollution and the risk of initial TB consults, which is helpful for the arrangements of TB screening and medical assistance.The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.Published versio
