1,357,143 research outputs found
An Anytime Algorithm for Generalized Symmetry Detection in ROBDDs
No full textDetecting symmetries has many applications in logic synthesis that include, amongst other things, technology mapping, deciding equivalence of Boolean functions when the input correspondence is unknown and finding support-reducing bound sets. Mishchenko showed how to efficiently detect symmetries in ROBDDs without the need for checking equivalence of all co-factor pairs. This work resulted in practical algorithms for detecting classical and generalized symmetries. Both the classical and generalized symmetry detection algorithms are monolithic in the sense that they only return a meaningful answer when they are left to run to completion. In this paper we present anytime algorithms for detecting both classical and generalized symmetries, that output pairs of symmetric variables until a prescribed time bound is exceeded. These anytime algorithms are complete in that given sufficient time they are guaranteed to find all symmetric pairs. Anytime generality is not gained at the expense of efficiency since this approach requires only very modest data structure support and offers unique opportunities for optimization so the resulting algorithms are competitive with their monolithic counterparts
A Leibniz variety with almost polynomial growth
No full textLet F be a field of characteristic zero. In this paper we study the variety of Leibniz algebras
V defined by the identity y1(y2y3)(y4y5) ≡ 0. We give a complete description of the space of
multilinear identities in the language of Young diagrams through the representation theory of the
symmetric group. As an outcome we show that the variety V has almost polynomial growth, i.e.,
the sequence of codimensions of V cannot be bounded by any polynomial function but any proper
subvariety of V has polynomial growt
Conophyma darvazicum Mishchenko 1950
No full text<i>Conophyma darvazicum</i> Mishchenko, 1950 <p> <i>Conophyma darvazicum</i> Mishchenko, 1950b: 215.</p> <p>Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC:</p> <p>PARATYPE (J): ‘silver circular label // USSR, Tadzhikistan / Darvaz m. – range, / Sary-Zach-Bursi / A. Holhbek leg [hw] // Conophyma darvazicum / sp. n. Paratypus! [hw] / Mistshenko det. [p] // PARATYPUS [p, pink label] // PARATYPE / CONOPHYMA darvazicum / Mishchenko, 1950 / label attached by NMP [p, red label]’.</p> <p>PARATYPE (♀): ‘silver circular label // USSR, Tadzhikistan / Darvaz m. – range, / Sary-Zach-Bursi / 4. VIII. 1913 / A. Holbek leg. [hw] // Conophyma darvazicum, / sp. n. Paratypus! [hw] / Mistshenko det. [p] // PARATYPUS [p, pink label] // PARATYPE / CONOPHYMA darvazicum / Mishchenko, 1950 / label attached by NMP [p, red label]’.</p> <p> <b>Current status.</b> Valid species.</p>Published as part of <i>MACHÁýKOVÁ, Lenka & FIKÁýEK, Martin, 2014, Catalogue of the type specimens deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic *, pp. 399-450 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1)</i> on page 423, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5301457">10.5281/zenodo.5301457</a>
Varieties with at most cubic growth
No full textLet V be a variety of non necessarily associative algebras over a field of characteristic zero. The growth of V is determined by the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of codimensions c(n) (V),n = 1,2,..., and here we study varieties of polynomial growth. We classify all possible growth of varieties V of algebras satisfying the identity x(yz) equivalent to 0 such that c(n) (V) < C-n(alpha) with 1 <= alpha < 3, for some constant C. We prove that if 1 <= alpha < 2 then c(n) (V) <= C-1n, and if 2 <= alpha < 3, then c(n)(V) <= C(2)n(2), for some constants C-1, C-2
Varieties with at most quadratic growth
No full textLet V be a variety of non necessarily associative algebras over a
field of characteristic zero. The growth of V is determined by the asymptotic
behavior of the sequence of codimensions cn(V); n = 1; 2, ... and here we
study varieties of polynomial growth. Recently, for any real number a,
3 < a < 4, a variety V was constructed satisfying C1n^a < cn(V) < C2n^a;
for some constants C1;C2. Motivated by this result here we try to classify
all possible growth of varieties V such that cn(V) < Cn^a; with 0 < a <
2, for some constant C. We prove that if 0 < a < 1 then, for n large,
cn(V) ≤ 1, whereas if V is a commutative variety and 1 < a < 2, then
lim logn cn(V) = 1 or cn(V) ≤ 1 for n large enough
Correspondence between some metabelian varieties and left nilpotent varieties
No full textIn the class of left nilpotent algebras of index two it was proved that there are no varieties of fractional polynomial growth ≈nα with 1<2 and 2<3 instead it was established the existence of a variety of fractional polynomial growth with [Formula presented]. In this paper we investigate similar problems for varieties of commutative or anticommutative metabelian algebras. We construct a correspondence between left nilpotent algebras of index two and commutative metabelian algebras or anticommutative metabelian algebras and we prove that the codimensions sequences of the corresponding algebras coincide up to a constant. This allows us to transfer the above results concerning varieties of left nilpotent algebras of index two to varieties of commutative or anticommutative metabelian algebras
Polynomial growth of the codimensions: a characterization
No full textLet be a non necessarily associative algebra over a field of characteristic zero. Here we characterize the T-ideal of in case the corresponding sequence of codimensions is polynomially bounded
An almost nilpotent variety of exponent 2
No full textWe construct a non-associative algebra A over a field of characteristic zero with the following properties: if V is the variety generated by A, then V has exponential growth but any proper subvariety of V is nilpotent.
Moreover, by studying the asymptotics of the sequence of codimensions of A we deduce that exp(V) = 2
Immunogenic cell death induced by PDT : a new approach for cancer therapy
No full textImmunotherapy has become an important part in cancer treatment during the last decade. One of the major factors for induction of immune response during therapy is immunogenic cell death (ICD) (1). The immunogenicity of dying cancer cells is mediated by their adjuvanticity and antigenicity. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules located inside the cells and in normal conditions contribute to different physiological processes while they are released (or exposed on the outer surface of the plasma membrane) when a cell is damaged or dying. Once released, DAMPs acquire immunostimulatory properties and increase the adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Of course, DAMPs are not the only factors released during cell death that are involved in their adjuvanticity. Antigenicity of dying cancer cells is another major determinant of ICD which is required for an efficiently targeted induction of anti-tumor immunity. ICD can be induced by different stimuli and anticancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapy with anthracyclines and oxaliplatin, radiotherapy, UVC irradiation, oncolytic viruses, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) (2). The ICD induced by various stimuli can differ in the DAMPs’ profile and has also been linked to different cell death modalities such as apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis (3). Thus, in this lecture, we first discuss the role of PDT in the induction of ICD (4) and then assess the advantages and disadvantages of PDT in the induction of ICD. Finally, we will discuss a possible synergistic action between PDT and ferroptotic cell death (5), a novel, iron-dependent form of regulated cell death6. PDT can act as a source of reactive oxygen species for the Fenton reaction, which may reinforce ferroptosis induction and increase PDT efficacy in anticancer therapy.
References
1) Galluzzi, Vitale, et al. Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death. J Immunother Cancer. 2020.
2) Alzeibak, Mishchenko et al. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer. 2021.
3) Efimova, Catanzaro et al. Vaccination with early ferroptotic cancer cells induces efficient antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer. 2020.
4) Turubanova, Balalaeva et al. Immunogenic cell death induced by a new photodynamic therapy based on photosens and photodithazine. J Immunother Cancer 2019.
5) Mishchenko, Balalaeva et al. Ferroptosis and Photodynamic Therapy Synergism: Enhancing Anticancer Treatment. Trends Cancer. 2021.
6) Friedmann Angeli, Krysko et al. Ferroptosis at the crossroads of cancer-acquired drug resistance and immune evasion. Nat Rev Cancer. 2019
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