40,579 research outputs found
REALIZING EFFICIENT USE AND CONSERVATION OF LAND UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP: A REBUTMENT TO NOBEL ECONOMICS LAUREATE THEODORE W. SCHULTZ
No full textRebutting Theodore W. Schultz's assertions that small farmers are rational, low income countries saddled with traditional agriculture have not the problem of many farmers leaving agriculture for nonfarm jobs, part-time farming is efficient, and economies of scale have no logical basis and not stood the test of time, this paper presents that in (1) the low income countries still saddled with traditional agriculture, (2) the low income countries developing towards the high income economy, and (3) the high income countries, numerous able-bodied part-time and absent farmers earning higher off-farm income tend to under-utilize or idle small (and often fragmented) farms without selling or leasing them to full-time farmers to achieve economies of scale which do have logical basis and stood the test of empirical findings; and indicates that this is a global problem unresolved under private land ownership in both developing and developed countries. Thus small farmers in so doing are not so rational to the societal and their own fundamental interests. The paper also shows that in Central-Eastern Europe and Central Asia under private land ownership or possession many farmers voluntarily remain in collective land operation which perpetuates the low individual incentives. The paper further analyses the dilemmas the EU has been facing in resolving food overproduction, reducing trade-distorting agricultural subsidies and tariffs, keeping self-sufficiency, retaining small farmers in agriculture while strengthening large farmers, and efficient land use; and the crucial imperfections in the EU enlargement process. The paper thus proposes possible solutions on how to protect private land ownership, while transferring under-utilized land to full-time farmers; prevent the high costs of the traditional land consolidation, but still reaching its aims; keep part-time small farmers in agriculture, meanwhile bolstering full-time large farmers; avoid collective land operation, in the meantime benefiting from collective services; boosting EU enlargement but not adding burdens on the EU; retain non-cereal agriculture on ecologically sensitive land, at the same time improving the environment and precluding food overproduction; reduce trade-distorting agricultural subsidies and high tariffs, whereas making full-time farmers viable and competitive; and promote off-farm activities, for the meantime reinforcing agriculture.Land Economics/Use,
Bian mai ping mai zhang ju
No full textV.1-40. 初集 : 十二種 -- v.41-64. 二集 : 十四種 -- v.65-72. 三集 : 六種.V.1-40. Chu ji : shi er zhong -- v.41-64. Er ji : shi si zhong -- v.65-72. San ji : liu zhong.v.41-45. Mai yi jian mo : ba juan / Zhou Xuehai zhuan ji -- v.46-47. Mai jian bu yi : [er juan] / Zhou Xuehai zhu -- v.48. Zhen jia zhi jue : [er juan] / Zhou Xuehai -- Bian mai fa pian : [er juan] / Zhang Ji zhuan ; Zhou Xuehai zhang ju.[周學海校刻].綫裝.框16.8x12.1公分, 11行21字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 四周雙邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫葉次.分初集, 二集, 三集.題名據叢書書名頁.書名頁刻"周氏醫學叢書, 宣統三年[1911]季秋十月海昌朱兆華題端", 背頁刻"福慧雙修館藏版"《中國叢書綜錄》(p.711)著錄.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 16.8 x 12.1 gong fen, 11 hang 21 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, si zhou shuang bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan ye ci.Fen chu ji, er ji, san ji.Ti ming ju cong shu shu ming ye.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.[Zhou Xuehai jiao ke].Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
Zhou yi lüe li
No full text王弼, 韓康伯注 ; 孔穎達正義.綫裝, 1函.框19.7x13.1公分, 9行21字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 無魚尾, 四周單邊. 版心中鐫"易疏"及卷次, 下記刻工.分上,下經 ; 卷一至三為上經, 卷四至九為下經.出版項據《明代版本圖錄初編》推定.卷一至六由王弼注, 卷七至九由韓康伯注.With: 經典釋文 : 周易音義 / 陸德明撰 -- 周易略例 / 王弼撰.鈐有"呂氏樂房藏書", "得良館藏書記"印.Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 19.7 x 13.1 gong fen, 9 hang 21 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, wu yu wei, si zhou dan bian. Ban xin zhong juan "Yi shu" ji juan ci, xia ji ke gong.Fen shang, xia jing ; juan yi zhi san wei shang jing, juan si zhi jiu wei xia jing.Chu ban xiang ju "Ming dai ban ben tu lu chu bian" tui ding.Juan yi zhi liu you Wang Bi zhu, juan qi zhi jiu you Han Kangbo zhu.Wang Bi, Han Kangbo zhu ; Kong Yingda zheng yi.With: Jing dian shi wen : Zhou yi yin yi / Lu Deming zhuan -- Zhou yi lüe li / Wang Bi zhuan.Qian you "Lü shi Le fang cang shu", "De liang guan cang shu ji" yin
05) Brandenburg 53: Shen Zhou
No full textThe Brandenburg 300 Project Honors Shen Zhou, Master Painter from the Ming Dynasty (circa 1500).
For more information on Shen Zhou and his paintings please visit the China Online Museum.
Shen Zhou - Ming Dynast
[[alternative]]Clarification of the Position of Zhou Ru-deng in the Yang-ming School and Examination of Some Relevent Problems of Ming-ju hsueh-an
No full text[[abstract]]In Ming-ju hsueh-an, Huang Tsung-hsi took Zhou Ru-deng as the disciple of Lo Ju-fang and put the former into T'ai-chou hsueh-an. Almost all the researchers at home and abroad always take Huang's formulation for granted and do not probe this question. Based on many original historical documents, this study will inspect and testify it was a pseudomorph to clarify Zhou Ru-deng into T'ai-chou School and point out that Zhou Ru-deng should be regarded as the disciple of Wang Chi and clarified into Che-chung School, whatever the elements of region, intellectual continuity and self-identification were taken into consideration. Furthermore, this study will analysis why Huang Tsung-hsi deviated from the truth of the intellectual history. According to this study, As Huang Tsung-hsi compiled Ming-ju hsueh-an, the criticism that the teaching of Wang Yang-ming was or combined with Chan Buddhism was prevailing everywhere. Huang put Zhou into the T'ai-chou School just in order to make a distinction between the teaching of Wang Yang-ming and Chan Buddhism. As a result, the construction of Huang not only distorted the School belonging of Zhou Ru-deng, but also cut off the intellectual genealogy in Zhejiang Province from Wang Yang-ming via Wang Chi to Zhou Ru-deng. Because Ming-ju hsueh-an was taken as a basic original document of Confucian intellectual history of the Ming, and the School clarification of it has been used as the ground of now academic research, it is necessary to reflect and probe the problem of it so as to give a right starting point for our further study.[[fileno]]JA01_2001_p33
Shennong ben cao jing
No full textV.1-40. 初集 : 十二種 -- v.41-64. 二集 : 十四種 -- v.65-72. 三集 : 六種.V.1-40. Chu ji : shi er zhong -- v.41-64. Er ji : shi si zhong -- v.65-72. San ji : liu zhong.[周學海校刻].綫裝.框16.8x12.1公分, 11行21字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 四周雙邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫葉次.分初集, 二集, 三集.題名據叢書書名頁.書名頁刻"周氏醫學叢書, 宣統三年[1911]季秋十月海昌朱兆華題端", 背頁刻"福慧雙修館藏版"《中國叢書綜錄》(p.711)著錄.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 16.8 x 12.1 gong fen, 11 hang 21 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, si zhou shuang bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan ye ci.Fen chu ji, er ji, san ji.Ti ming ju cong shu shu ming ye.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.[Zhou Xuehai jiao ke].Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
Ba sheng ming xian gei zhan dou: San mu qing xing yue ju.
No full text周旭江編劇 ; 李中和作曲.書名據封面.本書原名 : 大兵小傳.Zhou Xujiang bian ju ; Li Zhonghe zuo qu.Shu ming ju feng mian.Ben shu yuan ming : da bing xiao zhuan
"Ming" and the Construction of Holy World View in Western Zhou Dynasty
No full text[[abstract]]在西周前期的觀念中，「命」字所傳達的非但是一種神聖的存有性，更是神聖性的代表及象徵符號，並非僅是後世所常用的命令或生命的形式義。不僅我們所熟悉的「周文傳統」絕大部份是築基在「命」的觀念上，周人神聖世界觀的三大領域－政治、信仰、宗法，也是以「命」為中心所建立起來。「命」本身所蘊含的象徵力量，也在實際的文化建構過程中被周人發揮的淋漓盡致。而這樣的原始意蘊也就是「命」在後來中國哲學的言說語境中，作為一個重要觀念及思考焦點的遠因。
In Western Zhou Dynasty, the character Ming conveys not only a holy existence but holy symbols. Ming does not merely represent the orders or lives used by later generations. Our knowledge of the tradition of Zhou Wen is mostly based on Ming. Furthermore, politics, religion and patriarchy, the three dimensions of the holy world view of people in the Zhou Dynasty, were centered in Ming as well. Ming was fully practiced by people in the Zhou Dynasty through the construction of culture. Therefore, the original meaning of Ming is the reason why it is an important concept and focus of later speech in Chinese philosophy
PROPOSALS FOR THE EU ON THE 'MID-TERM REVIEW OF CAP OF AGENDA 2000' WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
No full textHow agricultural policies affect the environment is within ecological economics. The EU Commission `Mid-Term Review of CAP of Agenda 2000' of July 2002 proposed to separate production from direct payments, so that farmers would fully compete in the market, without gearing production to the trade-distorting subsidies. The decoupled direct payment to each farm will be conditional upon cross-compliance with the environmental, food safety, animal health and welfare, and occupational safety standards. MTR maintains extra set-aside payment for normal land to avoid overproduction, but no longer for marginal land. This paper suggests not to set aside normal land, because overproduction would be prevented by decoupling; normal land is less environmentally sensitive, and the direct payment would be enough for farmers to keep it in a good agricultural condition; setting-aside normal land would cost money, and make it unavailable for full-time farmers to achieve economies of scale. It recommends to set aside marginal land which is more environmentally sensitive, and the direct payment may not be enough for farmers to keep it in a good agricultural condition. It advises to gradually convert marginal land back to the nature forever, give a conversion payment to its owners to keep it in a good environmental condition, and pursue non-cereal agriculture and off-farm activities. It advocates a tax on those farmers who refuse to keep a good agricultural or environmental condition on the set aside or converted marginal land for maximally two years, and forced land sale afterwards, which would be less harsh than expropriation.Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,
Zhou Libo’s fiction and The Hurricane
No full textThis article is part of a recent history of modern Chinese literature edited by Gu Ming-dong and published by Routledge. The essay analyzes a milestone of Chinese Maoist Literature, The Hurricane (Bao feng zhou yu) by Zhou Libo, a recipient of the Stalin Literary Prize in 1950, with an intent to elucidate the functioning of "socialist realism" as a literary mode of representation in the PRC literary system. Paradigmatically depicting in both a realistic and exemplary way the historical events of the land reform at the dawn of the Communist takeover, the novel constitutes a model about how to turn CCP history into a revolutionary myth and a fictional narrative into an educational tool for the masses
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