392 research outputs found
Disformal transformation of cosmological perturbations
No full textAbstractWe investigate the gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations in the gravity and matter frames in the general scalar–tensor theory where two frames are related by the disformal transformation. The gravity and matter frames are the extensions of the Einstein and Jordan frames in the scalar–tensor theory where two frames are related by the conformal transformation, respectively. First, it is shown that the curvature perturbation in the comoving gauge to the scalar field is disformally invariant as well as conformally invariant, which gives the predictions from the cosmological model where the scalar field is responsible both for inflation and cosmological perturbations. Second, in case that the disformally coupled matter sector also contributes to curvature perturbations, we derive the evolution equations of the curvature perturbation in the uniform matter energy density gauge from the energy (non)conservation in the matter sector, which are independent of the choice of the gravity sector. While in the matter frame the curvature perturbation in the uniform matter energy density gauge is conserved on superhorizon scales for the vanishing nonadiabatic pressure, in the gravity frame it is not conserved even if the nonadiabatic pressure vanishes. The formula relating two frames gives the amplitude of the curvature perturbation in the matter frame, once it is evaluated in the gravity frame
Causal structure in the scalar–tensor theory with field derivative coupling to the Einstein tensor
No full textAbstractWe investigate the causal structure in the scalar–tensor theory with the field derivative coupling to the Einstein tensor, which is a class of the Horndeski theory in the four-dimensional spacetime. We show that in general the characteristic hypersurface is non-null, which admits the superluminal propagations. We also derive the conditions that the characteristic hypersurface becomes null and show that a Killing horizon can be the causal edge for all the propagating degrees of freedom, if the additional conditions for the scalar field are satisfied. Finally, we find the position of the characteristic hypersurface in the dynamical spacetime with the maximally symmetric space, and that the fastest propagation can be superluminal, especially if the coupling constant becomes positive. We also argue that the superluminality itself may not lead to the acausality of the theory
Cosmological Kaluza–Klein branes in black brane spacetimes
No full textAbstractWe discuss the cosmological evolution of a brane in the D(>6)-dimensional black brane spacetime in the context of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) braneworld scheme, i.e., to consider KK compactification on the brane. The bulk spacetime is composed of two copies of a patch of D-dimensional black three-brane solution. The near-horizon geometry is given by AdS5×S(D−5) while in the asymptotic infinity the spacetime approaches D-dimensional Minkowski. We consider the brane motion from the near-horizon region toward the spatial infinity, which induces cosmology on the brane. As is expected, in the early times, namely when the brane is located in the near-horizon region, the effective cosmology on the brane coincides with that in the second Randall–Sundrum (RS II) model. Then, the brane cosmology starts to deviate from the RS type one since the dynamics of KK compactified dimensions becomes significant. We find that the brane Universe cannot reach the asymptotic infinity, irrespectively of the components of matter on the brane
Classification of cosmology with arbitrary matter in the Hořava–Lifshitz model
No full textAbstractIn this work, we discuss the cosmological evolutions in the nonrelativistic and possibly renormalizable gravitational theory, called the Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) theory. We consider the original HL model (type I), and the modified version obtained by an analytic continuation of parameters (type II). We classify the possible cosmological evolutions with arbitrary matter. We will find a variety of cosmology
Self-accelerating solutions in the cascading DGP braneworld
No full textAbstractThe self-accelerating branch of the Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) five-dimensional braneworld has provided a compelling model for the current cosmic acceleration. Recent observations, however, have not favored it so much. We discuss the solutions which contain a de Sitter 3-brane in the cascading DGP braneworld model, which is a kind of higher-dimensional generalizations of the DGP model, where a p-dimensional brane is placed on a (p+1)-dimensional one and the p-brane action contains the (p+1)-dimensional induced scalar curvature term. In the simplest six-dimensional model, we derive the solutions. Our solutions can be classified into two branches, which reduce to the self-accelerating and normal solutions in the limit of the original five-dimensional DGP model. In the presence of the six-dimensional bulk gravity, the ‘normal’ branch provides a new self-accelerating solution. The expansion rate of this new branch is generically lower than that of the original one, which may alleviate the fine-tuning problem
SIX-DIMENSIONAL BRANEWORLD COSMOLOGY
No full text We derive the brane cosmological solutions in the six-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory, via dimensional reduction from the higher-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. Two extra dimensions are compactified by a magnetic flux and two codimension-two branes are located at the boundaries. All the cosmological solutions approach an attractor in the later times. The attractor represents a simple power-law inflationary Universe whose power is simply given by the dilatonic coupling in the theory. Then, we discuss the properties of our solutions and deduce the cosmological implications. </jats:p
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