54 research outputs found
Syntheses of cyclic imides
No full textIn this research three sets of reactions were explored. First, it was shown that an imide ring can be formed under mild conditions using amidoesters as precursors. Second, a method for the construction of model amidoesters was devised using malonic esters and trimethylsilyl bromoacetate. Third, some active methylene compounds were examined as starting materials with alpha sulfoxide esters appearing to be a good substitute for malonic esters
Право как инструмент урегулирования конфликтов в экономической конкурентной среде
No full textОснова любой рыночной экономики — это конкуренция, что представляет из себя
честное соревнование хозяйствующих субъектов на различных рынках за наиболее полное удовлетворение потребностей общества и его членов. В данной статье рассматривается проблема права в сфере регулирования конфликтов, возникающих в экономической конкурентной среде. Обосновывается необходимость выработки правильной стратегии развития права в сфере рыночных отношений. Раскрываются функции работы, как антимонопольного законодательства, которое регулирует предпринимательскую сферу деятельности,
так и функции работы самой федеральной антимонопольной службы. Приводятся доводы,
подтверждающие важность правого регулирования рынка государством. Конкуренция рассматривается как конфликт интересов, а конфликты, связанные с межличностными отношениями проявляются всегда, ведь цели и интересы у каждого субъекта свои и они обязательно будут пересекаться приводя к столкновению противоположных мнений. Раскрываются
основные понятия о недобросовестной конкуренции и монополии, описывается благодаря
каким обстоятельствам они появляются, проводится анализ того, как они негативно влияют
на развитие свободных рыночных отношений. Основной целью данной статьи, является
выявление эффективности права в урегулировании конфликтов между хозяйствующими
субъектами, какие инструменты давления использует и какие обязательства предписывает государство для удержания конкуренции в рамках права и недопущения распространения монополии. И возможна ли конкуренция без конфликта. Резюмируется, что динамика
правого регулирования лишь отражает объективную необходимость его постоянной модернизации, поясняется, что антиконкурентные практики сводят на нет работу естественный
рыночных регуляторов и влекут за собой негативные последствия для экономики и потребителей. Делается вывод о том, что становление рыночной экономики в мире объективно
невозможно без проведения государственных мер антимонопольного регулирования, которые направлены на защиту рыночной экономики и интересов добросовестных участников
рыночных отношений.The Development of modern Economics in the Russian Federation depends on a competition,
which is the Foundation of market self-regulation and provides ongoing development of
the economy as a whole, because the basis of any market economy is competition, what is fair
competition of business entities in different markets for the most complete satisfaction of needs
of the society and its members. This article deals with the problem of law in the sphere of regulation
of conflicts arising in the economic competitive environment. The article substantiates the
need to develop a correct strategy for the development of law in the field of market relations.
The article reveals the functions of the Antimonopoly legislation that regulates the business
sphere, as well as the functions of the Federal Antimonopoly service itself. Arguments are given
confirming the importance of legal regulation of the market by the state. Competition is seen as
a conflict of interests, and conflicts related to interpersonal relationships are always manifested,
because the goals and interests of each subject are different and they will necessarily intersect
leading to a clash of opposing opinions. The main concepts of unfair competition and monopolies
are revealed, the author describes how they appear, and analyzes how they negatively affect
the development of free market relations. The main purpose of this article is to identify
the effectiveness of law in resolving conflicts between economic entities, which instruments
of pressure are used and which obligations are prescribed by the state to maintain competition
within the law and prevent the spread of monopoly. And whether competition is possible without
conflict. It is summarized that the dynamics of legal regulation only reflects the objective need
for its constant modernization, it is explained that anti-competitive practices negate the work of
traditional market regulators and entail negative consequences for the economy and consumers.
It is concluded that the formation of a market economy in the world is objectively impossible
without state measures of Antimonopoly regulation, which are aimed at protecting the market
economy and the interests of bona fide market participants
The internal market and the environment
No full textOn April 22nd 2022, N de Sadeleer held a webinar for the students of the University of Belgrade on his book EU Environmental Law and the Internal Market. The author challenges current thought and re-assesses the rules of economic integration within an environmental framework. The speaker was presented by Dr. Mirjana Drenovak Ivanovic, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade
ChemInform Abstract: Hofmann Rearrangement of Carboxamides Mediated by N‐Bromoacetamide.
No full textStructural requirements for ligands of the delta-opioid receptor
No full textThe delta-opioid receptor is sensitive to ligand geometry. In order to assist the synthesis of new delta-selective opioid ligands, the structure elements of delta-selective opioid ligands necessary for their effective binding were investigated. The automated docking procedure with a flexible ligand was used to simulate the binding of 17 delta-selective ligands to the delta-receptor. It was found that voluminous N-alkyl groups reduce the binding potency of naltrindole derivatives by preventing the ligands from adopting the preferred conformation in the receptor. This was confirmed by enantiospecific binding of chiral compounds where only one enantiomer adopts the naltrindole-like preferred conformation in the binding pocket. Voluminous groups replacing the hydroxyl group in the 3-hydroxybenzyl fragment of naltrindole analogs reduce the binding potency due to unfavorable steric interactions with the receptor. The two diastereoisomers of the potent delta-opioid ligand SNC80 confirmed the preferred binding conformation and the major receptor-ligand interactions
Il pensiero patristico bizantino dei secoli IV-VIII e l'ambiente
No full textThe article situates itself within the debate on ecological issues by emphasizing the importance of philosophical and theological approach to the questions at stake, and focusing on the contributions of Byzantine thought, which has been rather neglected in this context. With this in mind, the article offers a panoramic view of several Byzantine authors’ ideas on the environment and the relationship between human beings and the rest of the creation. By examining the thought of Maximus the Confessor, Dionysius the Areopagite, John Damascene, and John Chrysostom the author highlights their views on deification, unity of creation, and environmental/animal ethics in order to conclude that the mainstream Byzantine vision of nature was not its exploitation, but affirmation of the created world and crucial responsibility of human beings in it
A computer program TRACK_P for studying proton tracks in PADC detectors
No full textAbstractA computer program for studying proton tracks in solid state nuclear track detectors was developed and described in this paper. The program was written in Fortran 90, with an additional tool for visualizing the track appearance as seen under the optical microscope in the transmission mode, which was written in the Python programming language. Measurable track parameters were determined and displayed in the application window and written in a data file. Three-dimensional representation of tracks was enabled. Examples of calculated tracks were also given in the present paper
Modelovanje konformacija µ- i δ-opioidnih receptora specifičnih za pojedine ligande
No full textAn automated docking procedure was applied to study the binding of a series of mu- and delta-selective ligands to ligand-specific mu- and delta-opioid receptor models. Short-time molecular dynamic simulations were used to obtain ligand-specific mu- and delta-opioid receptors from arbitrarily chosen models of the active form of these receptors. The quality of receptor model depended on the molecular volume of the ligand in the receptor-ligand complex used in the molecular dynamic simulations. Within a series of ligands of similar size (volume), the results of ligand docking to the obtained ligand-specific receptor conformation were in agreement with point mutation studies. The correlation of the calculated and the experimentally determined binding energies was improved in relation to the initial receptor conformation.Računska metoda automatizovanog dokiranja primenjena je na vezivanje serije liganada, specifičnih za µ- i δ-receptore, za modele ovih receptora. Kratkotrajna molekulsko dinamička simulacija je korišćena za dobijanje konformacija ovih receptora koje su specifične za pojedine ligande, polazeći od slučajno izabranog modela aktiviranog receptora. Kvalitet ovako dobijenog modela receptora zavisi od molekulske zapremine liganda u ligand-receptor kompleksu korišćenog u molekulsko-dinamičkoj simulaciji. Za seriju liganda slične zapremine rezultati dokiranja su u skladu sa eksperimentalnim rezltatima mutacija aminokiselina u receptoru. Korelacija izračunatih i merenih energija vezivanja je poboljšana u odnosu na rezultate dobijene sa polaznom konformacijom receptora
Location of the hydrophobic pocket in the binding site of fentanyl analogs in the m-opioid receptor
No full textFentanyl is a highly potent and clinically widely used narcotic analgesic. The synthesis of its analogs remains a challenge in an attempt to develop highly selective m-opioid receptor agonists with specific pharmacological properties. In this paper, the use of flexible molecular docking of several specific fentanyl analogs to the m-opioid receptor model, in order to test the hypothesis that the hydrophobic pocket accommodates alkyl groups at position 3 of the fentanyl skeleton, is described. The stereoisomers of the following compounds were studied: cis- and trans-3-methylfentanyl, 3,3-dimethylfentanyl, cis- and trans-3-ethylfentanyl, cis- and trans-3-propylfentanyl, cis-3-isopropylfentanyl and cis-3-benzylfentanyl. The optimal position and orientation of these fentanyl analogs in the binding pocket of the m-receptor, explaining their enantiospecific potency, were determined. It was found that the 3-alkyl group of cis-3R,4S and trans-3S,4S stereoisomers of all the active compounds occupies the hydrophobic pocket between TM5, TM6 and TM7, made up of the amino acids Trp318 (TM7), Ile322 (TM7), Ile301 (TM6) and Phe237 (TM5). However, the fact that this hydrophobic pocket can also accommodate the bulky 3-alkyl substituents of the two inactive compounds: cis-3-isopropylfentanyl, and cis-3-benzylfentanyl, indicates that this hydrophobic pocket in the employed receptor model is probably too large
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