1,721,014 research outputs found
An application of ARIPAR methodology to manage the risk and the environment impact in the industrial area of Gela
No full textThis paper is focused on safety and environmental issues and analyses the problems connected
with chemical processes and the transport of hazardous goods.
During recent years incidents in chemical plants have shown that there are serious problems regarding their
reliability, safety and environmental impact. Great attention is now paid to the serious risks associated with
industrial processes, the transport of hazardous substances and the storage of fuels and chemicals.
The aim of this work is to study the safety and environmental problems associated with the industrial activity
in the area of Gela. In order to evaluate the risk connected by sea and land transportation of hazardous materials
and to chemical processes in the industrial area of Gela the methodology of Quantified Area Risk Analysis
has been applied.
A complete inventory of dangerous substances, was the basis of a complete risk analysis, whose results, obtained
by means of the ARIPAR-GIS code, have been analysed and discussed.
The results data shows that the major contribution to the risk is due to the sea and land transport of ammonia.
The impact of ammonia dispersion can involve highly populated areas of the city of Gela and this paper aims
to find suggestions to manage the risk connected with ammonia transport
The use of geoevents in the risk management of Wastewater Treatments
No full textVolcanic eruptions can endanger human health and threat structures, critical infrastructures and lifelines (such as wastewater treatments, electricity networks, etc.), even relatively moderate events often can cause severe damages and economic losses. Among different volcanic phenomena, this paper focuses on the study of the damage triggered by explosive volcanic eruptions (i.e. those causing volcanic ash emissions), due to the large impact area of the particles dispersion. In particular the focus is on the implementation of a procedure for the management of wastewater treatment equipment by using a GIS (Geographic Information System). To achieve this aim, the volcanic ash dispersion in the atmosphere has been considered a geoevent because of the possible description of its evolution by means of its geographical coordinates. The evolution representation for the cloud allows the management of the potential impacts on wastewater treatments. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group
Frequencies assessment of loss containments including the effects of measures of riskprevention and mitigation.
No full textAnalysis of incidental scenarios in the transport of dangerous goods including terrorist attacks
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Risk analysis of the transportations of hazardous materials in urban areas
No full textThe study of the problems associated with the transportation of dangerous goods must be considered to be as important as that connected with the risks associated with chemical plants.
Accidents in the transportation system may occur in environments which are not sufficiently well controlled or protected such as areas of high population density or of natural and historical beauty.
Sicily with a very high concentration of chemical plants is an area with a great risk of accidents. The peculiarity of chemical and refining industry is the presence of very large chemical plants located in the eastern side of the region (Priolo, Augusta Gela and Milazzo) accompanied by the almost total absence of small and medium enterprise operating in the chemical area. About the 90% of chemicals produced in Sicily are transported to the chemical industry located in the North of Italy. As a consequence, in this region, there are urban areas subject to an intense traffic of hazardous materials.
In this paper the risk analysis of land transport of hazardous materials in the area of the straits of Messina is outlined.
The area which is the object of this study is the city of Messina, which has a population of approximately 280,000 inhabitants; its geographic position confers it the role of ‘door of Sicily’ for all the connections with the Italian peninsula which go through it. Since the downtown has developed around the harbour, the road network between the highway exits and the ferry terminals cross densely populated areas and zones of intense commercial activity. Fig. 6 shows schematically the situation.
There are four highway slip roads for entering the city (Boccetta, Centro, Gazzi and Tremestieri) and two ferry terminals, one operated by the National Railway Service and one operated by private companies; the principal highway sliproad, Boccetta, reaches the sea between these two terminals. The use of the other sliproads, Centro and Gazzi, is sporadic because they have a larger travelling time due to high commercial traffic. About 22,500 trucks per year of dangerous goods are directed to the Italian Peninsula; in addition approximately 800,000 other heavy lorries and 2,500,000 cars cross yearly the Straits of Messina. In addition Messina is an earthquake zone.
For a careful evaluation of both individual and societal risk a detailed analysis of a census data is necessary, in order to define, among others, the hazardous materials traffic flows, the population distribution, and the meteorological conditions.
An innovative procedure for risk estimation is applied to Messina. Both individual and societal risk relevant to transport of hazardous materials have been estimated.
A careful analysis of the annual rail and road transport of hazardous materials coupled with a determination of the population density of the urban areas traversed has been made.
Some scenarios have been identified and the analysis of the consequences was carried out using the TRAT code developed by the University of Bologna.
The results obtained permits the evaluation of the global risk relevant to the transport of chemical products.
An appropriate transport risk analysis makes it possible to propose a code of practice and law in order to minimise the frequency of incidents based on the diversification of the transportation system, the use of alternate routes and suitable procedures for the loading and discharging hazardous materials
A quantitative methodology for risk assessment of explosive atmospheres according to ATEXDirective.
No full textThe Directive 99/92/EC (ATEX 137) deals with the safety and health protection of workers potentially exposed at explosive atmospheres. The application of the ATEX Directive requires the assessment of specific risks due to the presence of potentially explosive atmospheres. The potential development of explosive atmospheres is generally typical of industries classified at major hazard, but it is also possible in other industries where flammable materials are handling. Since the assess of the risk due to the formation of explosive atmospheres is required in both the cases and it is fundamental for the safety in the workplaces, a quantitative approach has been proposed. The objective of the paper is to describe the main aspects of a quantitative methodology based on a probabilistic risk assessment starting from a detailed knowledge of the analyzed system
Post Investigation of an Incident due to the Self-Polymerisation of a Commercial Monomer
No full textIn the last decade, the importance of risk analysis in the transport of dangerous goods has been evidenced by several studies showing that in some cases the risk associated with the transport of hazardous substances can be compared to those in chemical plants (processing units and storage).
In this work the analysis of an accident in transport of dangerous goods is described. The objective of this study is to contribute to the determination of the causes that brought about the self-polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene (DVB 63%) contained in an isothermal-container, in order to prevent future occurrence of this type of accidents.
Residence time and conditions during transport and storage of monomers, in particular the storage temperature, are very important factors that affect their self-polymerization aptitude. Concerning the cause of accidents it has been supposed that the quantity of oxygen in the tanker probably was insufficient to activate properly the inhibition mechanism to prevent the self-polymerization. According to this consideration the self-polymerization of DVB and the inhibition mechanism of 4-tert-Butylcatechol (TBC) have been studied as a function of temperature and monomer exposure to air with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Adiabatic Calorimetry
Semi-automatic geo-processing procedure for the vulnerability mapping of industrial facilities in areas with the potential volcanic ash fallout
No full textFollowing recent severe natural events, attention has been focused on industrial installations located in areas prone to natural hazards. This work concerns the study of volcanic Na-Tech events (i.e. technological risks triggered by natural causes) and aims at defining a procedure for the representation of the vulnerability of industrial facilities in areas with the potential volcanic ash fallout by means a Geographical Information System (GIS). Here, we focused on the construction of a semi-automatic procedure for the vulnerability mapping for cases where input data is very limited; it is based on the use of a specific tool named Model Builder of the ArcGIS software
Risk evaluation of Terrorist Attacks against Chemical Facilities and Transport Systems in Urban Areas
Full text linkTerrorist actions have increased in recent years. In the past,
terrorist attacks or sabotage have been considered as a security problem
but their frequency means they must also be considered from the
safety point of view. A complete risk analysis must include scenarios
caused by terrorist attack or sabotage. As well as chemical plants and
storage facilities, characterized by the presence of large quantities of
dangerous substances, also road/rail tankers used for their transport
constitute potential targets. The hazard associated with transportation
depends on the vulnerability of the territory. This paper focuses attention
on the description of a methodology for the analysis of incidental
scenarios caused by terrorist attacks in urban areas and the identification
of some aspects where improvements can be made. Finally,
an application of this method is illustrated. Furthermore, in order to
obtain a complete risk analysis, it is necessary to take into account
that, beyond substances transported, the consequences depend on the
mode of attack and the characteristics of the infrastructure an
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