2,191 research outputs found
Niet lineaire excitaties (solitonen) in magnetische keten systemen en hun invloed op de magnetisatie
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Carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
No full textThe use of carbon nanoparticles is shown for the detection and identification of different Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli virulence factors (vt1, vt2, eae and ehxA) and a 16S control (specific for E. coli) based on the use of lateral flow strips (nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay, NALFIA). Prior to the detection with NALFIA, a rapid amplification method with tagged primers was applied. In the evaluation of the optimised NALFIA strips, no cross-reactivity was found for any of the antibodies used. The limit of detection was higher than for quantitative PCR (q-PCR), in most cases between 10 4 and 10 5 colony forming units/mL or 0.1-0.9 ng/¿L DNA. NALFIA strips were applied to 48 isolates from cattle faeces, and results were compared to those achieved by q-PCR. E. coli virulence factors identified by NALFIA were in very good agreement with those observed in q-PCR, showing in most cases sensitivity and specificity values of 1.0 and an almost perfect agreement between both methods (kappa coefficient larger than 0.9). The results demonstrate that the screening method developed is reliable, cost-effective and user-friendly, and that the procedure is fast as the total time required is <1 h, which includes amplification. © 2010 The Author(s).This work was partially supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (BEST/2009/026), the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (PAID-00-09-2837), and by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (KennisBasis 6 programme). The authors would like to thank Dr. Eva Moller Nielsen at the Danish Veterinary Institute (Copenhagen, Denmark) for providing E. coli control strains and Dr. Lutz Geue (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Wusterhausen, Germany) and Dr. Dorte Dopfer (School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA) for field isolates.Noguera Murray, PS.; Posthuma-Trumpie, G.; Van Tuil, M.; Van Der Wal, F.; De Boer, A.; Moers, A.; Van Amerongen, A. (2011). Carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. 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Thinking about Free Will
No full textPeter van Inwagen, author of the classic book An Essay on Free Will (1983), has established himself over the last forty years as a leading figure in the philosophical debate about the problem of free will. This volume presents eleven influential essays from throughout his career, as well as two new and previously unpublished essays, &apos;The Problem of Fr** W*ll&apos; and &apos;Ability&apos;. The essays include discussions of determinism, moral responsibility, &apos;Frankfurt counterexamples&apos;, the meaning of &apos;the ability to do otherwise&apos;, and the very definition of free will, as well as critiques of writings on the topic by Daniel Dennett and David Lewis. An introduction by the author discusses the history of his thinking about free will. The volume will be a valuable resource for those looking to engage with van Inwagen&apos;s significant contributions to this perennially important topic.</jats:p
FENIX ll: A bridge between the past, present and future
No full textThe building consists of 3 programs mentioned above and each program works as a bridge. The goal of the marketplace is to be a cultural bridge by providing interaction between people including locals and immigrants. To achieve this, a routing system of Katendrecht street was introduced that connects the inside and outside of the building, draws people with diverse background deep into the building, links them to the history of the building and expands their understanding of the multi-cultural world. To make the Fenix ensemble legible as a historic entity again and include street connecting Wilhelmina pier into routing system. Despite the recent changes to the Fenix 1 building, the market place will be extended to lower part of Fenix 1 and become huge cultural area with Deliplein. In addition, the lost part on quay-side will be restored to restore weakened connection between water. Above the marketplace, there is an education center for immigrants and both spaces are interconnected. By doing so, locals and immigrants can communicate in many ways and this space will be social bridge. The migration museum links above two programs as a historic symbol of the building. It also links past and present, users to history and shows the root of the building.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Heritage & Architectur
A 3D panel method code for the analysis of swept wind turbine blade geometries
No full textA 3D panel method code, named AWSM3D, is developed as an extension to the AeroModule aerodynamic software suite of TNO which includes a Blade Element Momentum theory (BEM) and a Lifting Line (LL) code. The underlying panel code method is presented along with a gradual process of simulation validation culminating in validating the code against the New MEXICO experimental dataset and an established panel code. In view of exploring the avenue of sweeping wind turbine blades as a way of increasing wind turbine efficiency, the capabilities of the three proposed aerodynamic models in solving flows about swept geometries are studied. The unmodified BEM model is incapable of adequately modeling flows over swept geometries. The limits of the cross-flow theory which the LL simulation hinges on for the simulation of swept flows are put to the test. Both a fixed wing and a conventional Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine case show that the LL solution in proximity to body extremities where the cross-flow component is prominent fails to capture smaller-scale local effects caused by said cross-flow. Despite this, the larger-scale effect is reproduced well. Although AWSM3D requires no airfoil polars and produces an accurate inviscid flow solution for more complex body geometries, it currently excludes viscosity and has a much higher computation time in comparison to an LL. A number of further AWSM3D development and research into the effects of sweep suggestions are formulated.Aerospace Engineerin
The performance of Earth System Models in simulating droughts
No full textThis research evaluated the performance of Land Surface Models (LSMs) in simulating droughts, examining Land-Hist offline simulations from the Land, Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP). It is well known that LSMs possess uncertainties and biases due to oversimplifications or the absence of certain physical processes (e.g., groundwater interactions and lateral connectivity). Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various LSMs and how this relates to the performances in simulating soil moisture droughts. To address this objective, eight LSMs were evaluated: CESM2, CMCC-ESM2, E3SM-1-1, EC-Earth3-Veg, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, and UKESM1-0-LL. Two reference evaporation data sets (DOLCE V3 and an ensemble of FLUXCOM-RS, BESS and PML) and a reference soil moisture data set (SoMo.ml) were utilized for the evaluation. After a global analysis on the LSM evaporation characteristics, six climate diverse study areas were selected for further investigation. A long-term analysis was performed by examining the water balance and implementing the LSMs into the Budyko Framework. Subsequently, soil moisture deficits were calculated for the driest periods in time, and the resulting accumulated deficits were compared with the reference evaporation data. The timing and progression of the deficits were evaluated utilizing the reference soil moisture data. Finally, the sensitivity of the model was evaluated by examining the response of evaporation anomalies to precipitation anomalies and comparing this with the reference evaporation data. The results showed that there was a large spread in output and performance among the LSMs across all parts of the evaluation. The greatest contrasts among the LSMs were found in the dry to wet transition zones within the tropics. In this latitudinal range, the worst performing LSMs overestimated the accumulation of soil moisture deficits and the severity of droughts, while the opposite was found for the extratropical regions. Additionally, the models showed, in general, to be overly sensitive to precipitation anomalies. When ranking the implemented model bases in the LSMs based on their performance during droughts, the findings showed that the Community Land Model (implemented in CMCC-ESM2, E3SM-1-1 and CESM2) was predominantly the best performing, followed by ORCHIDEE (IPSL-CM6A-LR) and HTESSEL (EC-Earth3-Veg). MATSIRO (MIROC6) and JULES (HadGEM3-GC31-LL and UKESM1-0-LL) were the least performing model bases. From a hydrological perspective, the findings of this research could be linked to some known limitations of LSMs. Oversimplified soil and vegetation dynamics could contribute to the LSMs being overly sensitive to precipitation anomalies while the contrasts between the tropical and extratropical regions could be attributed to the representation of the soil moisture-evaporation coupling, which plays a greater role in the tropical study areas. Ultimately, this research could contribute to LS3MIP and the Land Surface Modeling community, as the results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the LSMs in simulating soil moisture droughts. From there, this research could contribute to improving LSMs, understanding drought mechanisms, and addressing climate change impacts, especially in drought-prone regions.Water Managemen
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