371 research outputs found
An exploration of the outsider's role in selected works by Joseph Conrad, Malcolm Lowry, V.S. Naipaul.
No full textPhDThis thesis explores ways in which the outsider questions rather than confirms
dominant cultural values whilst avoiding the crudity of overt politicisation. I argue
that the outsider's preference for an observer's stance is not so much an act which
denies responsibility to the world of his day, but rather a means of reassessing its
priorities.
In Section One, I discuss Conrad's role as an outsider in the age of Empires. I
demonstrate the ways in which Conrad employs narrators, frequently using strategies
of irony which can be and have been read in very different ways. I argue that Conrad
uses irony as a tool for condemnation rather than condonement of imperialist practice,
if not its ideology.
In Section Two, I discuss Lowry as an emigre from England (so contrasting
him with Conrad, the immigrant from Europe), and examine his dissenting voice
which opposes bourgeois prejudice against the working class, a totalising ideology
like Fascism, and a Western rationalism which sees too rigid a distinction between
sanity and madness. I demonstrate how Lowry as an outsider reacts to the age of
twentieth century World Wars.
In Section Three, I discuss Naipaul's role as an outsider in the age of
decolonisation, when bogus liberals and false redeemers fail to rebuild the newly
independent post-colonial states. As in Conrad's case, I show how a failure to read
Naipaul's ironic tone of voice has given rise to radically divergent views as to what he
is about. I also link Conrad and Naipaul through their cultural negotiation between the
'centre' and its peripheries.
By looking at these three writers in chronological order and offering a
comparative perspective on their work, I highlight the outsider's disturbing, yet
illuminating role within a historical context. I also draw attention to creative tensions
between artistic concerns and a serious political purpose. I assess the outsider as
observer and man of conscience rather than as a` mere onlooker. I conclude that the
outsider also fulfils a social obligation by promoting critical awareness on the reader's
side by means of his defamiliarising perspective
Abrahamia pauciflora Randrian. & Lowry
No full text26. Abrahamia pauciflora (Engl.) Randrian. & Lowry, comb. nova. ≡ Protorhus pauciflora Engl. in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 313. 1883. Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Rég. Diana, Nossibe, I.1850, fl. & y. fr., Boivin 2257 (P [P00580352]!; isolecto-: G!, P [P00364873, P06774888, P06774892]!, MO- 6684876!, TAN!). Description Trees 6-11 m tall, 11-15 cm DBH; young branch tips covered with short and appressed indument. Leaves opposite or subopposite; blade obovate, 3.9-9.2 3 1.8-4 cm, chartaceous, apex rounded to emarginate, margin undulate, base cuneate to attenuate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with scattered short appressed indument, venation craspedodromous, midvein prominent abaxially, secondary veins 14-17 pairs, more or less parallel and ascending, 3-9 mm apart, widely spaced at leaf mid-section, raised on both surfaces or some impressed near margin, tertiary veins impressed, not very visible, especially on adaxial surface; petiole 8-15 mm, c. 1 mm in diam., canaliculate on adaxial surface, covered with short, appressed indument when young, glabrescent. Inflorescence always axillary, a panicle, very short, up to 1.5 cm long, with no more than 5 flowers, axes strigose. Male flowers unknown. Female flowers 5-merous, small, c. 1 mm long, subtended by a triangular bract with indument; pedicel 1 mm long; calyx lobes depressed ovate, very small, 0.5 3 1 mm, glabrous on both surfaces; corolla lobes ovate, thick, c. 2 x 1 mm, glabrous on both surfaces; staminodes with filaments c. 0.8 mm long, glabrous, anthers c. 0.3 mm long, ovoid, sterile, glabrous; disk cupuliform, glabrous, c. 1.5 mm in diam.; ovary spherical glabrous, style short, thick, 0.5 mm long. Fruits unknown. Distribution, ecology and phenology Abrahamia pauciflora is restricted to NW Madagascar, where it has been collected on the island of Nosy Be and in the Ambongo-Boina area (Map 6) in humid forest. Material with floral buds and flowers has been collected in November and January (the fruiting period is not known). Conservation status With a minimum AOO of 4 km 2 and a single known extant subpopulation, which is within a protected area (Ampasindava), and considering that the historical locality at Maevarano was documented in 1908, well more than 3 generations ago, A. pauciflora is assigned a preliminary conservation status of “Least Concern’’ [LC] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Notes Abrahamia pauciflora can easily be distinguished from other members of the genus by the combination of its leaves with an attenuate base and very widely spaced secondary veins (to 9 mm apart in the median section of the blade), and very short inflorescence (not exceeding 1.5 cm long) usually bearing only 1-5 flowers. Contrary to what is indicated in many online databases, the name Protorhus pauciflora (≡ Abrahamia pauciflora) was not treated in ENGLER (1881: 421 or 422), but rather was published two years later by the same author in his treatment of Anacardiaceae for the Monographiae Phanerogamarum (ENGLER, 1883: 313). Curiously, ENGLER (1883) erroneously cited that name as having been published in his earlier work (ENGLER, 1881: 421). While one of the specimens of Boivin 2257 in the Paris herbarium has the handwritten word ‘type’ on the label, this was probably added subsequent to the publication of Protorhus pauciflora. We have chosen to designate this specimen as the lectotype because it bears Boivin’s original label. Two additional specimens of Boivin 2257 have labels indicating that they came from Mayotte in the Comoro Islands, but as indicated subsequently by Perrier de la Bâthie (in herb.), they are without question part of the same gathering as the material from Nossi Be. Additional material examined MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Ampasindava, forêt d’Andranomatavy, 13°40’40’’S 47°58’35’’E, 215 m, 2.XII.2009, bud, Ammann et al. 467 (G, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 13°40’04’’S 47°59’21’’E, 295 m, 25.XI.2009, fl., Madiomanana et al. 272 (G, MO, P, TEF). Prov. Mahajanga: Morarivo, Maevarano, près de Majunga, [15°56’S 46°31’E], VII.1908, ster., Perrier de la Bâthie 2341 (P).Published as part of Randrianasolo, Armand, Lowry II, Porter P. & Schatz, George E., 2017, Taxonomic treatment of Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry, a new genus of Anacardiaceae from Madagascar, pp. 1-152 in Boissiera 71 on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.761811
Iphiplateia marleneae Coleman & Lowry, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textIphiplateia marleneae sp. nov. (Figs 1–4) Type material. Holotype, ovigerous female (4 microscopic slides with parts of holotype), 6.4 mm, AM P. 80304, inner lagoon, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 53 ' 8 "S 113 ° 59 ' 26 "E), brown alga, Lobophora sp., 1.5 m depth, leg. L.E. Hughes on SCUBA, 18 June 2008, MI WA- 987, NR- 18, C Reefs no. 3162. Paratypes from same station: AM P.80305, 4 females, 4 males, 1 juveniles, 1 damaged specimen; AM P.80306, 1 slide with total male paratype. Type locality. Inner lagoon, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 53 ' 8 "S 113 ° 59 ' 26 "E), 1.5 m depth. Additional material examined. 1 female, AM P. 80316, southern side of Kendrew Island, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia (- 20.48306 ° 116.54222 °), Sargassum sp. on sand, 4.4 m depth, leg. R.A. Peart, 30 August 1999, WA- 693; 1 juvenile, AM P. 80317, Tish Point, Rosemary Island, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia (- 20.4945 ° 116.59817 °), Dictyopteris sp., intertidal zone, 0.5 m depth, leg. R.A. Peart, 30 August 1999, WA- 687; 13 females, AM P. 80307, inner lagoon, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 53 ' 9 "S 113 ° 59 ' 26 "E), brown algae, 2.6 m depth, leg. L.E. Hughes on SCUBA, 19 June 2008, MI WA- 988, NR- 20, CReefs no. 3173; 1 female, AM P. 80308, southern side of pass, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 54 ' 43 "S 113 ° 57 ' 6 "E), algae, 4.5 m, leg. N.L. Bruce & M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz on SCUBA, 6 June 2008, MI WA- 970, NIN 0 0 5, CReefs no. 3048.3 females, AM P. 80307, inner lagoon, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 53 ' 9 "S 113 ° 59 ' 26 "E), brown algae, 2.6 m depth, 19 June 2008, leg. L.E. Hughes on SCUBA, MI WA- 988, NR- 20, CReefs no. 3173; 1 female, AM P. 80308, southern side of pass, Ningaloo reef, Western Australia (21 ° 54 ' 43 "S 113 ° 57 ' 6 "E), algae, 4.5 m depth, leg. N.L. Bruce & M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz on SCUBA, 6 June 2008, MI WA- 970, NIN 0 0 5, CReefs no. 3048; 5 specimens, AM P. 80320, Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, Western Australia (- 22 ° 113.9 °), green brown algae, 1 m depth, leg. R. Springthorpe, 2 January 1984, WA- 373.1 female, AM P. 80315, west side of Malus Island, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia (- 26.51017 ° 116.64867 °), fine Dictyota, sand and algal bottom, 2.3 m depth, leg. R.A. Pearth, 27 August 1999, WA- 670; specimen, AM P. 80319, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, Western Australia (- 27.7 ° 113.1 °), mixed corallines, 3 m depth, leg. R. Springthorpe, 10 January 1984, WA- 480; 2 females, 1 male (?), AM P. 80321, off Possession Point, King George Sound, Western Australia (- 35.04167 ° 117.9 °), brown algae, 7 m depth, leg. R. Springthorpe, 14 December 1983, WA- 138; 1 ov. female, AM P. 80318, off Possession Point, King George Sound, Western Australia (- 35.04167 ° 117.9 °), sand and detritus from bases of seagrasses, 10 m depth, leg. R. Spring- thorpe & J.K. Lowry, 14 December 1983, WA- 131. Etymology. This species is named for Marlene Coleman, the beloved mother of the senior author. Description. Based on female holotype, 6.4 mm. Body shape (Fig. 1 a) almost circular from above, coxal plates splayed very much, body flat, without a trace of a dorsal carina, except for a weak mid-dorsal elevation on pereonite 7 and pleonite 1. Pereonites 3 and 4 longest. Pleonite 1 with a pointed posteromarginal narrow tooth. Head subquadrate, seen from above, shorter than the length of the first coxal plates, which partly cover the sides of the head; rostrum short and rounded; eyes small and round. Antenna 1 (Fig. 1 f), peduncular article 1 largest, with a subquadrate anterior lobe, which is more than half as broad as article width; article 2 half as wide as article 1; flagellum 2 -articulate (2 nd article minute), this with long aesthetascs apically. Antenna 2 (Fig. 1 b) long and slender; peduncular article 4 and 5 slender, not urn-shaped, flagellum 2 -articulate. Upper lip wide, rectangular, with a shallow depression distally. Mandible (Fig. 2 a, b) incisors dentate; raker row consisting of 3 small spines; molar just a narrow protrusion with a terminal seta, not triturative; no palp present. Lower lip (Fig. 1 d) with small lobes and short mandibular processes. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 1g) inner plate missing (?), outer plate with 5 apical robust serrate setae, no palp present. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 1 e) inner plate slightly wider than outer plate with few short stout setae apicomarginally. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 c, f) inner plate apically truncate, with nodular setae distally; outer plate wide and rounded with few setae mediomarginally, palp 4 -articulate, articles 2 and 3 medially produced with long slender setae, article 4 knob-like. Pereon. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 2 e) coxa large, triangular, covering basis to merus; basis expanded distally; ischium as long as merus; merus with anteromarginal notch and posterodistally drawn out; carpus with anterodistal group of robust setae; propodus nearly as long as carpus, with posterodistal robust setae; no palm present; dactylus relatively slender. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 2 d) similar in shape, but shorter and coxa only slightly expanded distally, rather subrectangular. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 3 a) coxa similar in shape to that of pereopod 2, but wider; basis expanded distally; ischium somewhat shorter than merus; merus with a deep shallow notch anteromarginally; carpus subquadrate and shorter than propodus; propodus tapering distally, with 1 robust seta posterodistally; dactylus relatively slender. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3 b) similar to pereopod 3, however the coxa has a posterodistal truncate lobe. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 3 c) with bilobed coxa, anterior lobe larger than posterior; basis posteromarginally rounded with a ventral lobe as long as the distal margin of the ischium; ischium wider as long, anteriorly convex; merus wide and expanded distally, with posteroproximomarginal notch, rounded drawn out antero- und posterodistally; carpus excavate anteriorly, with a rounded protrusion anteroproximally; propodus oval, with distal robust setae on anterodistal region. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 3 d) similar to pereopod 5, but coxa narrower and basis wider. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4 a) with smallest coxa, bilobed; basis posterior lobe dramatically drawn out and roundly angular; ischium wider than long; merus anterior margin straight ending in a rounded lobe, posterior margin posteriorly expanded; carpus anterior margin straight and drawn out distally, this process longer than that of posterodistally; propodus and dactylus as for pereopods 5 and 6. Pleon. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 4 e) peduncle subrectangular, as long as inner ramus, with 5 coupling hooks; outer ramus distinctly (1.3 x) longer than inner. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 4 d) peduncle wider than long, expanded medially, with 5 coupling hooks; outer ramus 1.3 x as long as inner ramus; inner ramus longer than peduncle. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 4 b) peduncle very short, with a long narrow medial lobe, at its end 3 coupling hooks; inner ramus minute, scale-like, half the length of the peduncle; outer ramus long, 2.5 x as wide as inner ramus. Uropod 1 (Fig. 4 f, c) about 2 x as long as uropod 2; outer ramus subequal in length to peduncle, inner ramus 68 % of outer. Uropod 2 peduncle as long as inner ramus; outer ramus 1.2 x as long as inner ramus. Uropod 3 peduncle wide and largely hidden by telson; inner ramus wanting, outer ramus 0.7 x peduncle length and half as wide. Telson (Fig. 4 f) with parallel margins tapering into a rounded apex. Sexual dimorphism. The outline of the habitus of the male is not circular but rather oval. Remarks. For differences between this new species and Iphiplateia whiteleggei Stebbing, 1899, see Table 1. Distribution. Western Australia: Ningaloo Reef; Kalbarri; Dampier Archipelago; King George Sound. b a d c g e f a b d c f e a b c d e a d c b e fPublished as part of Coleman, Oliver & Lowry, James K., 2012, Revision of the genus Iphiplateia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Phliantidae) from Australia, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 3393 on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28178
The Variability of IPO Initial Returns
No full textThe monthly volatility of IPO initial returns is substantial, fluctuates dramatically over time, and is considerably larger during "hot" IPO markets. Consistent with IPO theory, the volatility of initial returns is higher among firms whose value is more difficult to estimate, i.e., among firms with higher information asymmetry. Our findings highlight underwriters' difficulty in valuing companies characterized by high uncertainty, and, as a result, raise serious questions about the efficacy of the traditional firm commitment underwritten IPO process. One implication of our results is that alternate mechanisms, such as auctions, may be beneficial, particularly for firms that value price discovery over the auxiliary services provided by underwriters.
Iphiplateia jakei Coleman & Lowry, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textIphiplateia jakei sp. nov. (Figs 9–12) Type material studied. Holotype, male?, 4 mm. NMV J 20887. Type locality. Port Phillip Bay, Point Lonsdale, Pier, Victoria, Australia, (38 ° 18 'S 144 ° 37 'E), 1 m depth; red and green algae, hand/snorkel, leg. G.C.B. Poore, 25 February 1991, Stn CRUST 106. Additional material examined. 1 male, 2.1 mm, NMV J 59358, Western Port, off Crib Point, Victoria, Australia (38 ° 19 ' 59 ''S 145 ° 15 '08''E), FV Melita, 2 m depth, leg. A.J. Gilmor, Smith-McIntyre grab, 16 March 1965, CPBS-N 12; 1 specimen, unknown sex, 2.2 mm, NMV J 60904, 2 km SE of Point Nepean; Victoria, Australia (38 ° 19 ' 49 ''S 144 ° 39 ' 56 ''E), 12 m depth, leg. T.D. O'Hara & S.P. Heislers, airlift, 17 May 1996, VNPMS 89 4; 1 specimen, unknown sex, 2.2 mm, NMV J 59359, Western Port, off Crib Point, Victoria, Australia (38 ° 22 ' 17 ''S 145 ° 13 ' 25 ''E), FV Melita, 3 m depth, leg. A.J. Gilmor, Smith-McIntyre grab, 16 March 1965, CPBS-N 02; 1 juvenile, 1.1 mm, NMV J 59352, Nepean Bay, Point Nepean,Victoria, Australia (38 ° 18 ' 24 ''S 144 ° 39 ' 28 ''E), 5–6 m depth; leg. T.D. O' Hara & Plummer, Quadrat/ SCUBA, 8 April 1998 – 25 May 1998, WV 8. Etymology. This species is named for Jake Willcox, the dear son in law of the senior author. Description. Based on male? holotype, 4 mm. Body shape (Fig. 9 a) oval from above, coxal plates splayed very much, body flat, with a dorsal carina (Fig. 9 a, h). Pereonite 1 longest. Pleonite 1 pointed posteriorly. Head shorter than coxal plate 1 which partly cover the lateral sides of the head; eyes small, rounded; rostrum wide, rounded. Antenna 1 (Fig. 9 b) peduncular article 1 with distal rounded lobe medially, less than half as wide as the maximum article width; article 2 with a similar lobe, but with a convex outer margin, its apex reaches the distal margin of peduncular article 3; flagellum 4 -articulate, apical article very narrow. Antenna 2 (Fig. 9 c) peduncular articles 4 and 5 weakly widened distally; flagellum of 4 articles. Upper lip (Fig. 9g) wide, rectangular, truncate distally. Mandible (Fig. 9 d, e) incisors dentate; raker row consisting of small spines; molar just a narrow protrusion, not triturative; no palp present. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 10 a) inner plate missing (?), outer plate with 5 apical robust serrate setae, no palp present. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 10 b) inner plate twice as wide than outer plate with a row of few short stout setae apicomarginally. Maxilliped (Fig. 10 c) inner plate apically truncate, with nodular setae distally; outer plate wide and rounded with few setae mediomarginally; palp 4 -articulate, article 2 medially slightly produced with long slender setae, article 3 as wide as article 2, article 4 weakly curved medially. Pereon. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 10 d, e) coxa anterodistally expanded; basis expanded posteromarginally; ischium and merus subequal in length; merus and carpus connected by oblique articulation; carpus slightly shorter than propodus, anterodistal margin of carpus with a row of stout setae; propodus with an anteroproximal group of scattered stout setae; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 11 a) coxa subrectangular, somewhat expanded posterodistally; a b c d e f g h b a c d e a b c e d 200 f a b c d e f basis to dactylus similar in shape as in pereopod 1, but without the medial stout setae on carpus and propodus. Pereo pod 3 (Fig. 11 b) coxa subrectangular, slightly drawn out posterodistally; basis expanded posteromarginally; ischium slightly longer than merus; merus distally expanded and anterodistal corner drawn out; carpus as long as merus; propodus 1.75 x carpus length; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 11 d) coxa longer than wide, posteroproximally excavate; basis to dactylus as in pereopod 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 12 a) coxa wider than long, bilobate, anterior lobe much larger as posterior lobe; basis long and strongly expanded posteriorly, with a wide lobe ventrally; ischium wider than long, slightly produced anterodistally; merus very wide, drawn out antero- and posterodistally and excavate distally; carpus ovoid with distomarginal lobe; propodus about as long as width of merus, with an anterodistomarginal spine; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 12 b) similar to pereopod 5, but coxa smaller and basis not as wide. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 12 c) coxa small, weakly bilobed, posterior lobe much smaller than anterior one; basis large with a very wide posterior lobe, strongly expanded ventrally; ischium to dactylus subequal to those of pereopods 5 and 6. Pleon. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 11 c) peduncle subrectangular, shorter than inner ramus, with 6 coupling hooks; outer ramus slightly longer than inner. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 11 f) peduncle as wide as long, expanded medially, with 6 coupling hooks; outer ramus 1.2 x as long as inner ramus; inner ramus longer than peduncle. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 11 e) peduncle very short, with a long narrow medial lobe, at its end 5 coupling hooks; inner ramus small; outer ramus long. Uropod 1 (Fig. 12 e) about 1.6 x as long as uropod 2; outer ramus slightly shorter than peduncle, inner ramus 65 % of outer. Uropod 2 (Fig. 12 f) inner ramus 60 % of peduncle length; outer ramus 1.2 x as long as inner ramus. Uropod 3 (Fig. 12 d) peduncle wide and largely hidden by telson; inner ramus wanting, outer ramus slender. Telson wider as long, apically rounded. Variability. There is some variability in the height of the dorsal keel and the length of the coxal plates. Remarks. For differences between I. jakei sp. nov. and the similar I. verenaae sp. nov. see Table 2. Distribution. Victoria, Australia.Published as part of Coleman, Oliver & Lowry, James K., 2012, Revision of the genus Iphiplateia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Phliantidae) from Australia, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 3393 on pages 15-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28178
Iphiplateia jakei Coleman & Lowry, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textIphiplateia jakei sp. nov. (Figs 9–12) Type material studied. Holotype, male?, 4 mm. NMV J 20887. Type locality. Port Phillip Bay, Point Lonsdale, Pier, Victoria, Australia, (38 ° 18 'S 144 ° 37 'E), 1 m depth; red and green algae, hand/snorkel, leg. G.C.B. Poore, 25 February 1991, Stn CRUST 106. Additional material examined. 1 male, 2.1 mm, NMV J 59358, Western Port, off Crib Point, Victoria, Australia (38 ° 19 ' 59 ''S 145 ° 15 '08''E), FV Melita, 2 m depth, leg. A.J. Gilmor, Smith-McIntyre grab, 16 March 1965, CPBS-N 12; 1 specimen, unknown sex, 2.2 mm, NMV J 60904, 2 km SE of Point Nepean; Victoria, Australia (38 ° 19 ' 49 ''S 144 ° 39 ' 56 ''E), 12 m depth, leg. T.D. O'Hara & S.P. Heislers, airlift, 17 May 1996, VNPMS 89 4; 1 specimen, unknown sex, 2.2 mm, NMV J 59359, Western Port, off Crib Point, Victoria, Australia (38 ° 22 ' 17 ''S 145 ° 13 ' 25 ''E), FV Melita, 3 m depth, leg. A.J. Gilmor, Smith-McIntyre grab, 16 March 1965, CPBS-N 02; 1 juvenile, 1.1 mm, NMV J 59352, Nepean Bay, Point Nepean,Victoria, Australia (38 ° 18 ' 24 ''S 144 ° 39 ' 28 ''E), 5–6 m depth; leg. T.D. O' Hara & Plummer, Quadrat/ SCUBA, 8 April 1998 – 25 May 1998, WV 8. Etymology. This species is named for Jake Willcox, the dear son in law of the senior author. Description. Based on male? holotype, 4 mm. Body shape (Fig. 9 a) oval from above, coxal plates splayed very much, body flat, with a dorsal carina (Fig. 9 a, h). Pereonite 1 longest. Pleonite 1 pointed posteriorly. Head shorter than coxal plate 1 which partly cover the lateral sides of the head; eyes small, rounded; rostrum wide, rounded. Antenna 1 (Fig. 9 b) peduncular article 1 with distal rounded lobe medially, less than half as wide as the maximum article width; article 2 with a similar lobe, but with a convex outer margin, its apex reaches the distal margin of peduncular article 3; flagellum 4 -articulate, apical article very narrow. Antenna 2 (Fig. 9 c) peduncular articles 4 and 5 weakly widened distally; flagellum of 4 articles. Upper lip (Fig. 9g) wide, rectangular, truncate distally. Mandible (Fig. 9 d, e) incisors dentate; raker row consisting of small spines; molar just a narrow protrusion, not triturative; no palp present. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 10 a) inner plate missing (?), outer plate with 5 apical robust serrate setae, no palp present. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 10 b) inner plate twice as wide than outer plate with a row of few short stout setae apicomarginally. Maxilliped (Fig. 10 c) inner plate apically truncate, with nodular setae distally; outer plate wide and rounded with few setae mediomarginally; palp 4 -articulate, article 2 medially slightly produced with long slender setae, article 3 as wide as article 2, article 4 weakly curved medially. Pereon. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 10 d, e) coxa anterodistally expanded; basis expanded posteromarginally; ischium and merus subequal in length; merus and carpus connected by oblique articulation; carpus slightly shorter than propodus, anterodistal margin of carpus with a row of stout setae; propodus with an anteroproximal group of scattered stout setae; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 11 a) coxa subrectangular, somewhat expanded posterodistally; a b c d e f g h b a c d e a b c e d 200 f a b c d e f basis to dactylus similar in shape as in pereopod 1, but without the medial stout setae on carpus and propodus. Pereo pod 3 (Fig. 11 b) coxa subrectangular, slightly drawn out posterodistally; basis expanded posteromarginally; ischium slightly longer than merus; merus distally expanded and anterodistal corner drawn out; carpus as long as merus; propodus 1.75 x carpus length; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 11 d) coxa longer than wide, posteroproximally excavate; basis to dactylus as in pereopod 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 12 a) coxa wider than long, bilobate, anterior lobe much larger as posterior lobe; basis long and strongly expanded posteriorly, with a wide lobe ventrally; ischium wider than long, slightly produced anterodistally; merus very wide, drawn out antero- and posterodistally and excavate distally; carpus ovoid with distomarginal lobe; propodus about as long as width of merus, with an anterodistomarginal spine; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 12 b) similar to pereopod 5, but coxa smaller and basis not as wide. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 12 c) coxa small, weakly bilobed, posterior lobe much smaller than anterior one; basis large with a very wide posterior lobe, strongly expanded ventrally; ischium to dactylus subequal to those of pereopods 5 and 6. Pleon. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 11 c) peduncle subrectangular, shorter than inner ramus, with 6 coupling hooks; outer ramus slightly longer than inner. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 11 f) peduncle as wide as long, expanded medially, with 6 coupling hooks; outer ramus 1.2 x as long as inner ramus; inner ramus longer than peduncle. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 11 e) peduncle very short, with a long narrow medial lobe, at its end 5 coupling hooks; inner ramus small; outer ramus long. Uropod 1 (Fig. 12 e) about 1.6 x as long as uropod 2; outer ramus slightly shorter than peduncle, inner ramus 65 % of outer. Uropod 2 (Fig. 12 f) inner ramus 60 % of peduncle length; outer ramus 1.2 x as long as inner ramus. Uropod 3 (Fig. 12 d) peduncle wide and largely hidden by telson; inner ramus wanting, outer ramus slender. Telson wider as long, apically rounded. Variability. There is some variability in the height of the dorsal keel and the length of the coxal plates. Remarks. For differences between I. jakei sp. nov. and the similar I. verenaae sp. nov. see Table 2. Distribution. Victoria, Australia.Published as part of Coleman, Oliver & Lowry, James K., 2012, Revision of the genus Iphiplateia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Phliantidae) from Australia, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 3393 on pages 15-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28178
Epimeria rafaeli Coleman & Lowry, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textEpimeria rafaeli sp. nov. Figs 1–8 Material examined. Holotype, ovigerous female, 31 mm, Western Australian Museum, WAM C 55780. Paratype, female, 27.5 mm, Australian Museum P. 72997 from same locality as the holotype. Locus typicus. Australia, Western Australia, Abrolhos, SS 10 / 2005 /084, 29 °03' 39 "S 113 ° 38 ' 10 "E, 1000–1037 m, beam trawl, soft bottom, coll. Dr Stephen J. Keable, 2 December 2005. Etymology. Named for Rafael Lowry, the wonderful little son of the second author. Diagnosis. Rostrum straight, as long as peduncle of antenna 1. Pereon with short mid-dorsal carina. Pleon with long pointed carinae, that on pleonite 2 longest. Urosomite 1 with upright pointed process and small hump on urosomite 3. Pereopod coxa 4 elongate, almost 2 × as long as coxa 3, apex narrow, pointed and curved laterally, posteromarginal excavation shallow. Pereopod coxa 5 with long narrow spine. Pereopod 6 coxa with pointed process on lateral face. Telson with narrow notch, depth 32 % of telson length. Description. Based on female holotype, 31 mm. Body (Fig. 1). Pereonites 1–6 dorsally smooth; pereonite 7 with a mid-dorsal subacute tooth. Pleonites 1–3 strongly carinate, dorsal tooth of pleonite 2 longest. Epimera 1–3 ventrally roundly produced and setose; posteroventral angle of pleonites 1–2 acutely produced, that of pleonite 3 angular. Urosomite 1 with a mid-dorsal notch (seen from laterally) and an upright pointed tooth; urosomite 2 shortest; urosomite 3 with a rounded mid-dorsal elevation. Head. Ventral head lobe rounded (Fig. 2 a, c). Rostrum (Fig. 2 c) straight, slightly upcurved (dorsal head outline slightly concave, seen from laterally), ventral margin straight, longer than pereonite 1, reaching the apical margin of the 3 rd peduncular article of antenna 1. Eye subcircular. Short mediofrontal subacute protrusion ventrally of insertions of antennae 1 (Fig. 2 c). Antenna 1 (Fig. 2 b) peduncular article 1 longer than articles 2–3 combined (length ratios 1: 0.3: 0.2); articles 1–2 apical margin straight; accessory flagellum consisting of 1 tapering article, 1 / 3 rd the length of 1 st flagellar article; 1 st flagellar article about the length of peduncular article 2, flagellum of 43 articles. Antenna 2 (Fig. 2g) peduncular article 1 shortest, article 2 with short gland cone, not exceeding peduncular article 3; article 4 slightly longer than article 5; flagellum of 60 articles. Upper lip (Fig. 2 d) ventrally rounded. Mandible (Fig. 4 a, c) with strong 7 -dentate incisor; left lacinia mobilis 5 -dentate, that of the right side narrower, blade-like and not dentate; setal row with 1 row of short and 1 row of long slender, inconspicuously serrate setae; molar slender and protruding, with a setose ridge on the anterior side; triturative molar surface bordered with acute teeth and a tuft of setae dorsally; mandibular body with group of long slender setae basally; palp 3 -articulate, palp article ratios from proximal to distal 1: 2.4: 2.5; article 2 with posteromarginal setation on apical half; article 3 densely bordered with setae of variable length posteromarginally, lateral face of article 3 covered with hair-like setae. Lower lip (Fig. 2 f) with pointed mandibular processes; mediodistal regions of distally tapering lobes densely capped with wide field of short setae. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3 c) inner plate ovoid, with 12 stout plumose setae along the medial margin and some short setae subapically; outer plate obliquely truncate with 11 medially serrate spine-like setae, except for second one (counted from medially), which is bifid; palp 2 -articulate, basal article with oblique distal margin, article 2 about 3 × article 1 length, slightly curved inwards, apically serrate with insets of robust setae and additional subapical slender setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3 a) inner lobe shorter and wider than outer, with setae along medial margin, shorter than those on outer plate; outer plate with a row of short slender setae and a row of long stout setae, which are medioapically serrate. Maxilliped (Figs 2 h, 3 b, d, e), inner plate reaching the length of the distal medial angle of palp article 1, apically with short setae and 3 nodular setae apicomedially and long setae along the medial margin; outer plate ovoid, surpassing half of palp article 2, distal margin with slender and distomedial margin with especially robust setae; distomedial region step-like produced with a submarginal row of short setae; palp 4 -articulate; article 1 with oblique distal margin; article 2 longest; article 3 half as wide as article 2; article 4 slightly curved, inner margin bordered with small teeth, with narrow unguis apically. Pereon. (Fig. 1, 2a) Pereopod 1–3 coxae successively longer with ridge-like elevated lateral face; coxa 4 about 2 × the length of coxa 3, apex curved laterally; coxa 5 with long, slender, pointed process, directed posterolaterally. a b d c e f h g a b d c e b a d c a b c a b c Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 4 b, d) coxa somewhat concave anteromarginally, tapering distally, apically rounded, posteromarginally slightly convex; basis longer than coxa, slightly curved anteriorly, bordered with setae anteromarginally and with some long slender setae posteromarginally; ischium slightly wider than long; merus pointed distally, with longitudinal articulation of carpus; carpus distally slightly expanded with groups of posteromarginal setae; propodus 0.8 × carpus length, setation in groups especially on medial face; palm convex, with fine serration and several robust setae at the end palm, dactylus weakly curved with row of slender teeth on inner curvature, slender unguis apically. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. a, b) coxa of similar shape and basis to merus subequal to gnathopod 1, carpus and propodus of similar length and setation to gnathopod 1, but narrower; dactylus as for gnathopod 1. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 5 c) coxa tapering distally, apically rounded, posterior margin with round protrusion and notch dorsal to insertion of basis; basis subrectangular, setose on anterior margin and groups of setae posterolaterally; ischium as wide as long with rounded anterior margin; merus slightly curved posteriorly, without robust setae; carpus and propodus with groups of robust setae posteromarginally; length ratios of merus to propodus 1: 0.7: 0.8; dactylus weakly curved with terminal unguis. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 6 a, b) coxa strongly extended ventrally, with an elongate, slightly posteriorly and laterally curved apex, posterior margin excavate and with rounded lobe at proximal third; basis weakly expanded distally with setation along anterior margin and groups of setae at lateral face close to posterior margin, 1 group of the setae with especially long setae, distal margin densely setose; ischium about as long as wide, anterior margin rounded; merus without robust setae; on right body side carpus to dactylus deformed, shortened and void of almost all setae; on left side normally developed, carpus and propodus with groups of robust setae posteromarginally; length ratios of merus to propodus 1: 0.7: 0.8; dactylus weakly curved with terminal unguis. Pereopod 5 (Figs 6 c, 7 a) coxa with elongate posterior process; basis elongate with ridge on lateral face and additional ridge close to posterior margin, short angular process on posteroproximal margin and posteroventral rounded lobe, partly covering ischium; on right appendage (Fig. 7 a) ischium to dactylus deformed and void of setae (except for a very long one on ischium); left appendage normally developed (Fig. 6 c), ischium wider than long, distally lobate; merus slightly curved anteriorly, without robust setae; carpus and dactylus with robust setae anteromarginally; length ratios of merus to propodus 1: 0.9: 1.2; dactylus weakly curved with terminal unguis. Pereopod 6 (Figs 7 b–d) on right body side deformed; on left side normally developed; coxa longer than wide with a pointed lobe on the lateral face; basis similar in shape and setation as on pereopod 5, but wider; ischium distally lobate; merus to dactylus as for pereopod 5, length ratios of merus to propodus 1: 0.9: 1.2; dactylus weakly curved with terminal unguis. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 8 a) coxa longer than wide; basis wider than those of preceding appendages, ridge on lateral face, anterior margin weakly setose, posterior margin lobate, posteroventral lobe partly covering ischium; ischium wider than long; merus to propodus with groups of robust setae anteromarginally, length ratios 1: 1: 1.2; dactylus weakly curved with terminal unguis. Pleon. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 8 d) peduncle 2.5 × as long as wide with some long setae medioproximally and some shorter setae laterodistomarginally, 2 coupling hooks; outer ramus longer than inner with the usual set of plumose setae on both margins. Urosome. Uropod 1 (Fig. 8 c) peduncle subrectangular with small robust setae along the lateral margin; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner; inner ramus 1.1 × the length of the peduncle. Uropod 2 (Fig. 8 b) peduncle weakly expanded distally, with short robust setae lateromarginally; inner ramus 2.2 × the length of peduncle, outer ramus shorter than inner ramus. Uropod 3 (Fig. 8 e) peduncle shortest, with pointed distal process, rami subequal in length. Telson (Fig. 8 f) 1.2 as long as wide, rather narrowly notched 32 %, apices subangular, 2 plumose short setae each on both margins. Distribution. Only known from type locality. This is the first Epimeria species from Western Australia.Published as part of Coleman, Charles Oliver & Lowry, James K., 2014, Epimeria rafaeli sp. nov. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Epimeriidae) from Western Australia, pp. 218-232 in Zootaxa 3873 (3) on pages 220-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22795
Gerry Lowry
No full textGerry Lowry oral history interview as conducted by Dorothe Norton.
Gerry Lowry worked for the Soil Conservation Service as a biologist before coming to the Fish and Wildlife Service as an environmental specialist and eventually Assistant Regional Director for the Mid-West regional office in Minneapolis.
Organization: FWS
Name: Gerry Lowery
Years: 1978-1990
Program: Refuges
Keywords: History, Biography, Employees (USFWS), Management, MilitarySubject/USFW Retiree: Lowry, Gerry
April 14, 2005
Interviewed by: Dorothe Norton
D. Norton:
Well Jerry, thanks for the good directions you gave because I almost did it without anymore but the one phone call. So now we'll just get busy and do the interview. First of all, I want to know where and when you were born.
Gerry Lowry:
In Eau Claire, Wisconsin at Luther Hospital on August 15, 1935.
D. Norton:
Okay, you're a young guy. What were your parent's names?
Gerry Lowry:
Oliver Walker Lowery, mom Ginny Lucille.
D. Norton:
What were their educations and their jobs?
Gerry Lowry:
My father was a high school graduate, one of the few in his family, and my mother attended a teacher's normal college in Eau Claire.
D. Norton:
Did she teach school then?
Gerry Lowry:
Never.
D. Norton:
Never. Okay, and so where did you spend your early years then, all in....
Gerry Lowry:
Let me tell you another thing, my father worked as a manager for the U.S. Rubber Company at Eau Claire. He managed a team of women who made bicycle tires.
D. Norton:
Oh, wow!
Gerry Lowry:
He contracted probably a variation of the British flu or some severe respiratory illness when he was 29 years old, and within a couple of years he had severe cardiopulmonay side effects that made him an invalid the rest of his life.
D. Norton:
Oh, that's sad.
Gerry Lowry:
He lived until he was 42 years old. After that occurred, we moved onto a 20-acre farm between Eau Claire and Colfax, Wisconsin, and that's where I spent the first nine years of my life, in a very rural environment. My dad was in and out of hospitals, bed-ridden most of the time at home, not very mobile. My mom then would work off and on at jobs in Eau Claire, and towards the end she worked at the ammunitions plant in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. My dad died in 1944, and we moved to Eau Claire Wisconsin, I was in about the fourth grade, I think, at the time. I went to school there for about a year, and then she remarried and we moved to Altoona, Wisconsin, and I was there until a freshman in high school. The person she married had been a cook in the Army during World War II, and he always wanted a restaurant; he wanted to be a chef, so he bought a restaurant in New Auburn, Wisconsin, which is where Sandy is from. So that's how we got to New Auburn, and so I spent three years then in high school in New Auburn, and graduated in 1953.
D. Norton:
That's called New Auburn High School?
Gerry Lowry:
Yes, New Auburn High School. After that I went to college for a few months, and then dropped out of college and joined the Air Force in 1954, and did it in order to get the GI Bill, quite frankly, because it was clear to me that going to school and being hungry were not compatible!
D. Norton:
Okay. So while you were in the Air Force, where were you based?
Gerry Lowry:
Well first, of course, like everyone else, I went to Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, and then from there Chanute Field and to Meteorology school in Illinois. I was there for several months and then went from there to Colorado Springs to the Air Force Base as a weather observer and spent a few months there. I then went from there to Anchorage, Alaska for what was then considered to be a mandatory overseas assignment. I spent a few weeks there and then was assigned to King Salmon, Alaska, which was a remote weather station at the base of the Alaska Peninsula. I was there a few months and then came back to Anchorage for a few weeks, got reassigned to Shemya, Alaska, which is at the very end of the Aleutian chain, or almost to the end, within about 30-40 miles of Attu, which is the last island in the chain. I and one other weatherman set up a weather station on Shemya, which turned out later to be a base where they had C-119s that were catching photographic capsules that were being ejected from the first satellites that were sent around the world to take pictures, and the C-119s would fly out with about 1000-foot long metal or wire hooks to catch these parachutes as they got dropped in out of the satellites. So that went on for a few months, and then Northwest Airlines made some deal with the government where they took over the island and used it as an emergency stop from between Anchorage and Japan, and most or all of the military personnel then left the island. I have no idea, but I think at about that time other technology came along to solve the problem on retrieving photographic material from the satellites. We were on Shemya for about six months; after that I went back to Anchorage and spent a week or two and then went up to Fairbanks to Eielson Air Force Base for another short period of time, and then was assigned to Galena, Alaska for the remainder of my tour duty in Alaska. Galena was another weather observation station along the Yukon River, between Nome and Fairbanks. I stayed there for the remainder of that; I was probably there for a number of months, I don't remember exactly how many, and then went from there and was reassigned back in the U.S. to Great Falls to Malmstrom Air Force Base, and was there for a number of months. I then was selected to go to the National Air Force Weather Center at Suitland, Maryland, and was assigned there; it was near Andrews Air Force Base, but Suitland was the weather center away from the base. Periodically, we would go down onto the Washington Mall when the Soviet Union had nuclear tests. We would go down and plot the weather and the drift of nuclear fallout material around the globe until that event ended. Also, while I was there I went to an exercise for a week where we went to a mountain, an underground mountain, to test what would happen in the event of an attack on the U.S., which was kind of interesting because we went inside a mountain and had all of our weather apparatus there and were involved in that exercise. I was discharged from the Air Force in November of 1957 at Andrews Air Force Base, and I was discharged a couple of months early in order to start college in January of 1958.
I started at what was called Wisconsin State College at that time, now it's considered The University at Eau Claire, Wisconsin. I attended school there for a year and a half in just kind of a pre-Science curriculum, and at the end of that time, which would have been the summer of 1959, I applied and was accepted in geology at Montana University at Missoula. I went there for one semester and decided that I would prefer to be in conservation, so I transferred to the University of Minnesota at St. Paul. I was perhaps influenced because my girlfriend, now my wife Sandra, was from New Auburn, Wisconsin, and so I came back to the University of Minnesota and started there in January of 1960, and graduated from there in March of 1962. At the time I graduated, I applied for jobs, and I saw one application for a fellowship that paid as much as a job with the Fish and Wildlife Service. About the same time, I got a letter from Gulf Breeze, Florida, and the Fish and Wildlife Marine Research arm at that time offering me, I think it was, a GS-5 job probably, to start as a biologist there. I'm not of the grade level. I also, at about the same time, got a letter from Oregon State saying that I was ordered a fellowship in Fisheries that would pay the same as the job at Fish and Wildlife Service, plus the fact that I could get a Masters degree in Fisheries, and so I naturally accepted the fellowship at Oregon, and started there in the summer of 1962.
Sandra and I were located on a 50,000-acre Georgia-Pacific plantation near Toledo, Oregon, studying cutthroat trout migration and reproduction in food, and did a two year study on cutthroat trout and the impacts, a pre-logging baseline study that was eventually to study the impact of three different kinds of logging. So, basically, what we did was we had three small streams, and we took population estimates and did food studies on cutthroat trout over a two year period, and then some years after I left, Georgia-Pacific came in and did clear cut and two other different kinds of logging, and the effects of that were studied over a period of many, many years under Major Professor, Don Chapman, and later Jim Hall, and the results were eventually published that were used in the west coast as guidance for environmental regulations to minimize the impact of logging. When I finished there, and I got a Masters degree in Fisheries Research in March of 1964, I was selected for a fisheries research job in Wisconsin Conservation Department, now their Department of Natural Resources at Seven Springs Hatchery near Madison, Wisconsin.
We went there and I worked on warm water fish research at Cox Hollow Impoundment west of Madison, and did that for several months; well actually, we lived in a couple of different places there, so it probably would be more like a year or so. Then I got more interested in trout research, so it shifted from warm water research to trout research, and transferred to Westfield, to Lawrence Creek Research Station, and which was a long-term study of brook trout production and life history and the impacts of different kinds of stream improvement techniques. While I was there, I got acquainted with the people at Stevens Point at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, and they offered me a job teaching biology. At the same time, I also applied for a job with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for a field biologist in northern Wisconsin. I did teach for a part of a semester at Stevens Point, but got an opportunity to take the field biologist job for the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. So, beginning in about the very late fall of 1965, I started working for the Federal Government as a field biologist for northern Wisconsin.
My territory was basically north of a line from Eau Claire to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and traveled with a canoe on top of a government car, and did a lot work with landowners, fish ponds, developing plans for the enhancement of deer, grouse, and other wildlife on private lands in that area. One of the most interesting things that I did during that period of time was, because while in the Soil Conservation Service, there were only two biologists in the state of Wisconsin, and some of the activities of a biologist went over into the area of recreation specialist, and I gradually became a recreation specialist and designing campgrounds. I designed a campground at Washburn, Wisconsin on Lake Superior for example, and some others ones, and did analysis of recreational potential and also some economic analysis of whether things were feasible or not. But probably the most fun thing that I did during that period of time was to get involved in writing canoe trail guides for Wisconsin. I wrote the canoe trail guides for northwest Wisconsin and north central Wisconsin, and also northeastern Wisconsin. The northwest and north central ones were published by independent canoe trail organizations. These were all done under the Food and Agricultural Act of 1964, which authorized something called Research Conservation and Development Projects; under the auspices of those programs, the work was done by the Soil Conservation Service, taking air photos and making maps of the rivers, and then I would write the narratives. In the course of doing that, it became necessary, of course, to travel many of the rivers with a canoe so that I had some first- hand knowledge. But the one for northeastern Wisconsin, the canoe trail organization that was there decided to cut a deal with Howard Mead of Wisconsin Tales and Trails, and so that one was published as a for profit venture by Wisconsin Tales and Trails. I found it amusing in an example of human nature that when Howard Mead got ahold of a narrative, he went through it and edited lightly and then put himself down as the author, which, as a philosopher says, "You know, these are humans, we shouldn't expect too much." This applies to a lot of things.
But anyway, after that I became more interested in management and, of course, we were having children at the time and, as often is the case, people who work for organizations, both private and public, once they get to be thirty and realize that there is something called money and consequences that flow from it and have children, we decided that it might be a good idea to have a higher paying job, so I got involved in management of the Resource Conservation and Development Project as project coordinator and did that for a couple of years, and a couple of years later was selected by the Soil Conservation Service for their Executive Development Program at one of six universities, and I was sent to Syracuse University for a year to get a Masters degree in Public Administration. It was a delightful year, both I and Sandy went to school at that time, we had four kids, we lived in student housing, we saw no one from our agency for a year, they paid our full salary and all of the costs of going to school as well as relocation allowances. It was just a wonderful time, and we enjoyed Syracuse. However, it was sort of like The Devil and Daniel Webster; at the end of that time they informed me we were going to go to Washington. We weren't real happy about it because we had been living in Spooner, Wisconsin. I always like to think it was like looking through the telescope from one end and then somebody grabbing it and turning it around and saying, "Here, look through the other end for awhile," because it was a completely different situation, and we weren't really thrilled about it, but naturally we went there because in order to go to school, I had to sign an agreement that I would work anywhere that they wanted me to for at least two years.
So, we went down there, and as it turned out, it was really a most interesting and enjoyable assignment except for the commuting. Like a lot of families with children, we lived out in Fairfax, Virginia in a place called Greenbrier, but it was about an hour and fifteen minutes commute to work, and it was always very heavy traffic and the last ten miles was pretty much bumper to bumper, so the commuting was no fun. But, I really did find that the best and brightest people in the agency with at that time, the Soil Conservation Service, now called the Natural Resource Conservation Service, had a lot of very bright and interesting people in Washington. When I got there it was in 1975. I was there for a little over two years, and it was at the height of the environmental movement, so it was a fun time for an environmentalist and conservationist to be there because you had the opportunity to write regulations and speeches for people that could actually influence the environmental activities of the agency and, to some extent, the public and politicians nationwide. So, it was a fun period of time. At the end of the two years I decided that I really kind of wanted to get out of Washington, so I applied for a job as the Midwest Regional Biologist at Lincoln, Nebraska for the Soil Conservation Service. I was selected for it, and in late 1977 we moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and I assumed my duties at the regional office as Midwest Regional Biologist.
I found that the job for the regional offices, quite frankly, in Soil Conservation Service by that time was becoming a little bit redundant. I felt like it was a fun job, a great place to live and, in fact, the people in Nebraska were the most friendly people we have ever encountered, but I found the job just kind of boring. Also, at that time we had moved over twenty times and, of course, with school and jobs and everything. So Sandy and I decided we would really like to get somewhere and stay, and I would have had to have had probably three more transfers in the Soil Conservation Service before I could have got a conservations job and stay in one place, and it wouldn't necessarily have been where I wanted to be, and I wanted to be in Minneapolis, and I wanted the kids not to have to move, the oldest one was going to be a junior in high school. So we started applying for jobs with Fish and Wildlife Service in Minneapolis. I finally got selected for one, I had to take a two grade cut to get there, but I was sick of transferring and I wanted the kids to be in one spot.
That is how we came to the Fish and Wildlife Service in Minneapolis, as an environmental specialist for the Refuge System at the regional office in Minneapolis. That was in 1978, and within a couple of years, I enjoyed that job, but within a couple of years, Ray St. Ores, who was the Assistant Regional Director for Environment, that wasn't the name at that time, retired. I applied for his job; I was encouraged to apply for it by other people at the regional office, and was selected for it, and that was the job that I spent for the next ten years, even though its name got changed and the function got changed to some degree, and so I was the Assistant Regional Director for, what ended up when I retired, the ARD for Environment, Regional Office, Minneapolis. I retired in 1990, at the age of 55. That basically was the moment I became eligible!
My general philosophy about jobs is that it's nice if you could be at a job for three years. The first year, if it's a challenging job, you're kind of bewildered, the second year you get it down pat, and the third year you make some contributions. After that, it tends to become kind of pro forma and not too exciting. I considered the ten years that I spent at that job as a fun job with a lot of interesting people, but not very exciting. So when it became possible for me to retire at 55, I accepted the opportunity and left the Fish and Wildlife Service.
In the meantime, we were living in Hudson, Wisconsin, which is just across the river, and in the meantime, well beginning actually in Nebraska, my wife Sandy had gotten a real estate license in Nebraska, but before she had a chance to do much with it, we moved to Wisconsin and I began working at Fish and Wildlife Service. She then started working as a real estate broker, first a small company and then Century 21, and then after about six years or so of that, she decided that she wanted to work by herself, and formed Lowery Real Estate in Hudson, Wisconsin starting in 1988. When I retired from Fish and Wildlife Service in 1990, I had previously gotten a brokers license so that she and I could talk about the business she was in too, she wasn't ready to retire, and so I worked with her and basically helped her in the management and the business execution side of the real estate business until about 1997. At which time we sold our property, and at that time I had been seven years into retirement, and we sold our property in Hudson and moved to a lake cabin on Loon Lake, about forty miles north of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. We had built the cabin by hand, starting in about 1985; it was sort of a weekend hobby where we would kind of de-stress ourselves from our jobs. We would come down and put up a row of logs, and slowly, over a period of a couple of years, we built the cabin, and it has now become our home. So, I guess at this point I'll ask, "Dorothe, what else are you interested in?
D. Norton:
Well, you didn't need any training when you came to us because you already had all of this other experience, but did you ever work with any animals or anything?
Gerry Lowry:
When you say animals, you mean...?
D. Norton:
Any of them, wildcats....?
Gerry Lowry:
No, basically my degree at the University of Minnesota was in fisheries, well it was Fish and Wildlife Management is the degree that you get from University of Minnesota. It's necessarily kind of general, but it had an emphasis in fisheries and the Masters degree at Oregon was Fisheries Research. When I worked as a field biologist for the Soil Conservation Service, we worked with fish and wildlife for private landowners in northern Wisconsin, but when you do that you're developing management plans, it's not hands on work with live animals or research with them. The only actual work with animals I did was the research work at Oregon State University with fish, and then later with fish research and trout research, and warm water fish with the State of Wisconsin, where you're actually netting fish, tagging them, weighing them, releasing them, recapturing them, and estimating them. The emphasis in my career was in fisheries in terms of working with animals hands on.
D. Norton:
Were there any major issues that you were involved with that you had to deal with, or were they all major issues?
Gerry Lowry:
Well, that's an interesting question. I guess I don't think of it that way. You know, you go to work, you do your job, and whatever comes, you do the best you can, whether it's major or minor.
D. Norton:
Okay.
Gerry Lowry:
I would say nothing really stands out.
D. Norton:
So you spent all of your career then at the Minneapolis Regional Office?
Gerry Lowry:
In the Fish and Wildlife Service, yes.
D. Norton:
Who were your supervisors?
Gerry Lowry:
My first supervisor was... who was the gentleman that lost his son in the canoe? I forget his name, he was a real nice fellow. You probably know him.
D. Norton:
He lost his son?
Gerry Lowry:
His son died on the Cattle River I think, in a canoe accident.
D. Norton:
I can't remember, I vaguely remember.
Gerry Lowry:
He would h
Talking about Writing across the Secondary and College Community
No full textMany have commented that higher education is becoming increasingly fragmented, leading to the overspecialization of scholars, disciplinary discourses that are opaque to those outside the field, and lack of cross-pollination among disciplines (Kerr). WAC has long been seen as a movement that creates connections among disciplines. In fact, these connections are often created through the workshop, the quintessential WAC experience, as it “bring[s] faculty together around the same table”—bringing together people who may work at the same institution but, in practice, work worlds apart (Cox 317). More recently, this movement to bring people around the same table has come to include colleagues from secondary education (Childers and Lowry).
While this practice of WAC has long been recognized, it has not been adequately theorized. Writing Across Communities (WACommunities), introduced by Michelle Hall Kells and Juan C. Guerra, was developed to rethink student writing. This approach to WAC asks us to think of student writing holistically, as including students’ literacy and language experiences outside of the classroom—online writing, civic writing, disciplinary writing, writing in languages other than English—as well as the writing students did before they entered our classrooms and what they’ll write after leaving them. In this chapter, we argue that WACommunities is also a productive theory for reconceptualizing relationships among educators, drawing on an event we organized at Bridgewater State University (BSU) as an example of this theory in practice
Understanding the Influence of Non-gravitational Forces on the Physical Evolution of Near-Earth Asteroids and Comets
No full textNear-Earth asteroids are the small rocky bodies orbiting the Sun in the vicinity of Earth's orbit. They are remnants of the planetesimals formed in the young Solar System, which repeatedly collided and underwent disruption. They form loosely-bound aggregates dubbed 'rubble piles'. Their dynamical and physical evolution is expected to be affected by a nongravitational torque called the YORP effect.
The YORP effect is a torque due to the anisotropic emission of thermal photons on minor bodies in the Solar System. For small asteroids the radiation recoil torques can systematically modify rotational rates or shift spin axis orientations (Rubincam, 2000). The effect is crucial to understanding the dynamical and physical evolution of near-Earth asteroids, like the alignment of spin-axes (Slivan, 2002), the peculiar spin-top shapes observed for a few targets (Ostro et al., 2006; Scheeres et al., 2006), or rotational fission and evolution of asteroid binaries (Walsh et al., 2008; Pravec et al., 2010; Jacobson and Scheeres, 2011; Jacobson et al., 2016). The first direct detection of the asteroidal YORP effect on asteroid (54509) 2000 PH5 was possible thanks to the combination of radar and photometric lightcurve observations (Lowry et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2007). Since then, YORP spin-up has also been detected on several other asteroids. However, the sample is still very small, and further observational data is needed to refine the YORP theories.
The asteroids (1917) Cuyo and (85990) 1999 JV6, discussed here, were selected from a sample of nearly 40 YORP-detection candidates that were monitored photometrically, and in infra-red, through an ESO Large Programme (ESO LP) led by S. C. Lowry at the ESO New Technology Telescope and Very Large Telescope telescopes, and at other facilities with associated programmes.
The ESO LP has been used to acquire photometric lightcurves of the asteroid (1917) Cuyo spanning the period between 2010 and 2013, which, combined with the 1989-2008 archive lightcurves, should provide a large enough time-base to constrain a possible YORP strength. However, the distribution of observations in time results in effectively having observations from just two epochs. This produces potential YORP values in the range of ?0.7 × 10?8 rad/d² (radians per day squared) and 1.5 × 10?8 rad/d². The rotation pole of the object is most likely located at l = 46°, b = -62°. The sidereal period was refined relative to earlier lightcurve estimates, to be (2.6897642 ± 0.0000035) h (hours). The shape of the object suggests the presence of an 'equatorial bulge', typical for an evolved system close to shedding mass due to fast rotation.
For asteroid (85990) 1999 JV6, the data in the ESO LP span the period between 2007 and 2016. Additionally, the author has secured radar spectra and imaging observations with Arecibo and Goldstone planetary radars. Having radar observations permitted additional constraints on the shape and spin-state, but YORP spin-up was not detected. The asteroid is shown to have a bi-lobed shape, likely a result of two ellipsoidal components collapsing onto each other. The smaller lobe is close to spherical and has diameters (345 ± 9) m, (281 ± 8) m and (291 ± 9)m, and the larger is more elongated, with (580 ± 10) m, (322 ± 5) m and (332 ± 7) m. The rotation pole resides at negative latitudes in a circle of a 10° radius, close to the southern pole of the celestial sphere. The refined sidereal rotation period is (6.536787 ± 0.000006) h. No YORP-induced change in period was detected using the phase offset measurement using the radar model, however the global lightcurve-only analysis shows the object could be experiencing a spin-up of up to 7 × 10?8 rad/d².
The shapes and spin-states developed here were used in further studies, beyond the scope of this thesis. Combined with the infra red observations the outcome of this work was used for thermophysical analysis by ESO LP collaborator B. Rozitis to constrain physical properties of both targets. The shape and rotation state of (1917) Cuyo can be used to investigate cohesive forces as a way to explain why some targets survive rotation rates faster than the fission limit. The detection of non-gravitational acceleration in the orbital motion of the asteroid (85990) 1999 JV6 combined with thermophysical modelling suggest a low, cometary-like density.
The shape modelling and spin-state analysis tools were also applied to a Jupiter family comet, and the Rosetta mission target, 67P/Churyumov Gerasimenko. The author contributed to the confirmation of the seminal measurement of spin-rate change between previous perihelion approach and the arrival of Rosetta (Mottola et al., 2014, incl. A. Rozek). The detected 20 min decrease in the sidereal period, from ?12.7 h to ?12.4 h, was later linked to cometary activity (Keller et al., 2015b; Bertaux, 2015). Tools were also developed to assess the mean insolation of the comet’s surface, useful in calculations of nucleus dust production rates (Guilbert-Lepoutre et al., 2014, incl. A. Rozek), establish jet-activity source regions on the surface of the nucleus (Lara et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2015, 2016, incl. A. Rozek), and calibrate ground-based photometry using the spacecraft shape model (Snodgrass et al., 2016, incl. A. Rozek)
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